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Clinical forensic imaging and fundamental rights in Austria

forensic Sciences Research 2017年第2期2卷 65-74页

作者： Sophie Kerbacher Michael Pfeifer Bridgette Webb Reingard Riener-Hofer Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical forensic imaging Ludwig Boltzmann GesellschaftGrazAustria

Clinical forensic imaging encompasses the diverse application of imaging procedures that serve the same purpose:to enable the analysis and investigation of criminal activities and consequences of a *** kinds of imaging techniques and their corresponding images can be subsumed under“forensigraphy”,a more comprehensive term for forensic imaging created by the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical forensic imaging in Graz,*** the word forensigraphy suggests,criminal imaging material should be of use in forensic ***,this can lead to new findings that would not have been revealed without the application of imaging techniques and are moreover admissible as evidence in criminal ***,the admissibility of evidence can only be facilitated through the implementation of clinical forensic imaging techniques into the forensic routine case work,which requires a precise pre-analysis of the corresponding legal *** taking and displaying internal images of a person’s body touches upon various aspects of one’s physical and psychological integrity,imaging methods in general and clinical forensic imaging methods especially have a strong impact on and interfere regularly with the fundamental rights of the concerned *** with regard to a possible medical context,certain legal regulations have to be taken into ***,this paper examines forensic imaging in the field of radiological forensigraphy,specifically its in vivo(***)*** is designed to enlighten readers as to the great significance of legal barriers that emerge from fundamental rights,as laid down in the European Convention on Human Rights(ECHR),when dealing with clinical forensic *** a result,the legal framework of clinical forensic imaging procedures are comprehensively described,the relevant fundamental rights,especially the right to respect for private and family life,the right to data protection and certain procedu

关键词： forensic science clinical forensic medicine clinical forensic imaging forensigraphy fundamental rights physical examination criminal proceedings ECHR

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Belgium experience in disaster victim identification applied in handling terrorist attack at Brussels Airport 2016

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forensic Sciences Research 2020年第3期5卷 223-231页

作者： Francois Beauthier Wim Van de Voorde Philippe Lefevre Jean-Pol Beauthier Medicolegal and forensic anthropology unit Laboratory of AnatomyBiomechanics and OrganogenesisFaculty of MedicineUniversite libre de BruxellesBruxellesBelgium forensic Biomedical Sciences Department of Imaging and PathologyUniversity of LeuvenBelgium

The Belgian disaster victim identification(DVI)team is involved in many investigations in our ***,this specialized team of the federal police oversees searching for and investigating criminally buried dead bodies,identification of unknown putrefied corpses,and *** Belgian DVI team also assists with the identification of victims of mass disasters(natural,accidental,and mass murders).In this article,we consider the contributions of different teams(forensic pathology,anthropology,and odontology,federal police,and crime scene investigation)both on the scene of the attack at the Brussels National Airport(Zaventem)and in the laboratory work(autopsies,sample studies).

关键词： forensic sciences forensic pathology terrorist attack blast injury body fragments identification

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Application and Prospect of Postmortem imaging Technology in forensic Cardiac Pathology:A Systemic Review

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Journal of forensic Science and Medicine 2022年第4期8卷 149-156页

作者： Ningguo Liu Mingzhen Yang Zhling Tian Hewen Dong Yang Lu Donghua Zou Yanbin Wang Department of forensic Pathology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic MedicineKey Laboratory of Forensic ScienceMinistry of JusticeShanghai Forensic Service PlatformAcademy of Forensic ScienceShanghaiChina Special Standard Laboratories Dept China National Accreditation Service for Conformity AssessmentBeijingChina

Postmortem imaging(PMI)technology known as virtual autopsy or virtopsy is regarded as a useful method of noninvasive or minimally invasive autopsy in forensic *** computed tomography is applicable to traumatic investigation,acute hemorrhage,pulmonary parenchyma disease,calcification(calculus,atherosclerosis),and gas *** magnetic resonance(PMMR)has been proven to have advantages in soft tissue *** death is one of the keys and difficult points in forensic *** the introduction and development of PMCT angiography and PMMR,it was proved to be a very promising tool in the investigation of cardiac death,including vascular cavities and ischemic *** article reviewed the applications of the latest PMI and its related technologies in forensic cardiac pathology,including advantages,limitations,and development prospects.

关键词： forensic cardiac pathology postmortem computed tomography angiography postmortem computed tomography postmortem imaging postmortem magnetic resonance review sudden cardiac death virtopsy

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A fatal case of oxygen embolism in a hospital

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forensic Sciences Research 2017年第2期2卷 100-106页

作者： Lionel Comment Vincent Varlet Kewin Ducrot Silke Grabherr forensic Medicine unit University Center of Legal MedicineCHUV HospitalLausanne-GenevaSwitzerland forensic Toxicology and Chemistry unit University Center of Legal MedicineCHUV HospitalLausanne-GenevaSwitzerland unit of forensic imaging and anthropology University Center of Legal MedicineCHUV HospitalLausanne-GenevaSwitzerland

This case reports on a 68-year-old man who was found dead in hospital next to his *** this,he had been treated with intravenous antibiotics for *** body was found with a peripheral venous catheter connected to a nasal cannula delivering oxygen(O_(2))from the *** medico-legal examinations were performed,including post-mortem computed tomography(CT),complete conventional autopsy,histological and immunohistochemistry analysis,toxicological analysis and post-mortem ***,CT-guided gas sampling was performed at multiple sites to collect samples for gas *** the external examination,massive subcutaneous emphysema was visible over the entire surface of the *** CT scan revealed the presence of gas throughout the vascular system,and in the subcutaneous and muscular *** autopsy confirmed the presence of lobar pneumonia and multiple gas bubbles in the vascular *** gas analysis results showed a subnormal concentration of oxygen,confirming the suspected pure O_(2) ***,the carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration in the gas sample from the heart was elevated to a level similar to those found in scuba diving *** could come from degassing of dissolved CO_(2) that accumulated and was trapped in the cardiac *** on the results of the different exams performed,and especially the gas analysis results,it was concluded that the cause of death was O_(2) embolism.

关键词： forensic science air embolism autopsy forensic imaging gas analysis

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State of the art in post-mortem forensic imaging in China

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forensic Sciences Research 2017年第2期2卷 75-84页

作者： Yijiu Chen Institute of forensic Science Ministry of JusticePRCShanghaiChina

The autopsy and histopathologic examination are traditional and classic approaches in forensic *** recent years,with the tremendous progresses of computer technology and medical imaging technology,the developed post-mortem computer tomography,post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging and other new methods provide non-invasive,intuitive,high-precision examining methods and research tools for the forensic *** a result,the reconstruction of the injury as well as the analysis of injury mechanism has been essentially *** methods have become popular in the research field of forensic science and related work has also been carried out in *** paper reviews the development and application of abovementioned post-mortem forensic imaging methods in China based on the relevant literature.

关键词： forensic science post-mortem forensic imaging post-mortem computer tomography post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging post-mortem computer tomography angiography finite element analysis

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forensic imaging:a powerful tool in modern forensic investigation

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forensic Sciences Research 2022年第3期7卷 385-392页

作者： Min Zhang Faculty of forensic Investigation Department of Criminal Justice Coppin State UniversityBaltimoreMDUS

forensic imaging is a non-invasive examination process during the forensic *** is mainly used in forensic pathology as an adjunct to the traditional *** the past two decades,forensic imaging has been vigorously developed by forensic experts from computed tomography(CT)to multiple augmented techniques through CT and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).The application field of forensic imaging has also been broadened as its advantages are recognised by more forensic *** addition to the forensic pathology,this technique has been used in other forensic disciplines,including forensic anthropology,forensic odontology,forensic ballistics and wildlife forensics,*** article reviews the development of forensic imaging as the practice and research development in different forensic disciplines based on the relevant literature analysis.

关键词： forensic sciences forensic imaging forensic investigation computed tomography(CT) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) angiography review

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Virtual anthropology:a preliminary test of macroscopic observation versus 3D surface scans and computed tomography(CT)scans

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forensic Sciences Research 2021年第1期6卷 34-41页

作者： Claudine Abegg Ilaria Balbo Alejandro Dominguez Silke Grabherr Lorenzo Campana Negahnaz Moghaddam unit of forensic imaging and anthropology University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-GenevaLausanneSwitzerland Dipartimento di Scienze biologiche Universita di BolognaBolognaItaly School of Health Sciences(HESAV) University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland(HES-SO)DelemontSwitzerland Swiss Human Institute of forensic Taphonomy LausanneSwitzerland

Virtual anthropology(VA)is based on applying anthropological methods currently used to analyse bones to 3D models of human *** great advances have been made in this endeavour in the past decade,several interrogations concerning how reliable these models are and what their proper use should be remain *** this research,a fundamental assumption of VA has been investigated:if the way we perceive and apply an anthropological method is truly similar when looking at bones macroscopically and through various 3D *** order to answer,10 skulls of known age and sex were scanned using a computed tomography(CT)scanner and a 3D surface *** observers separately applied a defined staging method to eight suture sites on these skulls,first looking at the bone macroscopically,then at the 3D surface scan,and finally on the CT *** rounds of observation were carried out by each ***-and inter-observer error were evaluated,and two sample t-tests used to evaluate if the different types of medium used yielded significantly different *** results show a high degree of inter-observer error,and that data obtained from 3D surface scans differ from macroscopic observation(confidence level 95%,P≤0.05).CT scans,in these settings,yielded results comparable to those obtained through macroscopic *** results offer many possibilities for future research,including indications on the kind of anthropological methods and anatomical landmarks that might be reliably transferable to the virtual *** current methods used in traditional anthropology should be tested,and if they prove unreliable,new techniques to analyse bones from virtual models should be developed.

关键词： forensic sciences virtual anthropology CT scan 3D surface scan forensic anthropology cranial sutures

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Sex estimation in a Turkish population using Purkait’s triangle:a virtual approach by 3-dimensional computed tomography(3D-CT)

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forensic Sciences Research 2022年第2期7卷 97-105页

作者： Julieta G.García-Donas Suna Ors Ercan Inci Elena F.Kranioti Oguzhan Ekizoglu Negahnaz Moghaddam Silke Grabherr Centre for anatomy and human identification school of science and engineeringUniversity of DundeescotlandUK Department of radiology Bakirkoy Training and research hospitalistanbulTurkey Department of forensic science University of cretecreteGreece University center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva Lausanneswitzerland unit of forensic imaging and anthropology University center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-GenevaLausanneswitzerland Swiss human institute of forensic Taphonomy University center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-GenevaLausanneswitzerland

Sex estimation is considered one of the first steps in the forensic identification *** and morphometrical differences between males and females have been used as means for morphoscopic and metric methods on both cranial and postcranial skeletal *** dry skeletal elements are not available,virtual data can be used as a *** present research explores 3-dimensional(3D)scans from a Turkish population to test a sex estimation method developed by Purkait(2005).Overall,296 individuals were used in this study(158 males and 138 females).Purkait’s triangle parameters were measured on computed tomography(CT)scans obtained from both right and left femora of each patient at the Bakirkoy *** Konuk Training Research Hospital(Istanbul,Turkey).Intra-and inter-observer errors were assessed for all variables through technical error of measurements *** asymmetry and sex differences were evaluated using parametric and non-parametric statistical *** and multivariate discriminant function analyses were then *** errors demonstrated an overall agreement within and between experts,as indicated by technical error of measurement(TEM)*** bilateral asymmetries were reported,and all parameters demonstrated a statistically significant difference between males and *** discriminant models were generated by applying single and combined parameters,producing a total correct sex classification ranging from 78.4%to 92.6%.In addition,over 67%of the total sample was accurately classified,with 95%or greater posterior *** study demonstrates the feasibility of 3D sex estimation using Purkait’s triangle on a Turkish population,with accuracy rates comparable to those reported in other *** is the first attempt to apply this method on virtual data and although further validation and standardisation are recommended for its application on dry bone,this research constitutes a signif

关键词： forensic sciences forensic anthropology sex estimation computed tomography Purkait’s triangle

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Integration of Trace Images in Three‑dimensional Crime Scene Reconstruction

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Journal of forensic Science and Medicine 2016年第1期2卷 48-52页

作者： Quentin Milliet Eric Germain Sapin forensic imaging Institute of Forensic ScienceSchool of Criminal JusticeUniversity of LausanneBatochimeCH‑1015 LausanneSwitzerland

forensic image analysis has greatly developed with the proliferation of photography and video recording *** images of serious incidents are increasingly captured by first responders,witnesses,bystanders,or surveillance *** perception is exposed with a special emphasis on the influence of the field of view on *** response to the pitfalls of the mental eye,a way to systematize the integration of images as traces in three‑dimensional crime scene reconstruction is *** systematic approach is based on the application of photogrammetric principles to slightly modify the usual photographic documentation as well as on the early collection and review of available trace *** integration of images as traces provides valuable contributions to contextualize what happened at a crime scene based on the information that can be obtained from *** a wider perspective,the systematic analysis of images fosters the use and interpretation of forensic evidence to complement witness statements in the criminal justice *** article outlines the benefits of integrating trace images into a coherent reconstruction framework in order to improve interpretation of their content.A solution is proposed to integrate perception differences between the field of view of cameras and the human eye.

关键词： Image perception interpretation photogrammetry witness images

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Current status of hair analysis in forensic toxicology in China

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forensic Sciences Research 2021年第4期6卷 240-249页

作者： Hui Yan Ping Xiang Min Shen Department of forensic Toxicology academy of Forensic scienceshanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicineshanghaichina

Hair analysis has been mainly used to document drug use history in abusers,drug-facilitated crime cases,doping control analysis and postmortem toxicology in the fields of forensic toxicology,clinical toxicology,and doping *** analysis has also gained more attention in the last 30 years in *** technology has been promoted as more research has appeared concerning hair analysis,and consensus has been sought among forensic toxicologists regarding aspects such as hair decontamination treatment,detection of abused substances in hair,segmental hair analysis and interpretation of analytical ***,there are still some limitations in the estimation of drug intake time and frequency by segmental hair analysis due to the different growth cycles evident within a bundle of hairs,the drug incorporation mechanism and sampling *** and imaging mass spectrometry(iMS)technology based on a single hair may be a good choice to estimate drug intake time more *** of hair root samples may also be used to document acute poisoning in postmortem toxicology,and the analysis of the hair shaft can document long-term use of drugs depending on the length of the hair being evaluated.

关键词： forensic sciences forensic toxicology hair analysis black hair drug abuse microsampling imaging mass spectrometry

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