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Reproductive ecology of the black rat (Rattus rattus) in Madagascar: the influence of density-dependent and -independent effects

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 66-86页

作者： Kathryn SCOBIE Soanandrasana RAHELINIRINA Voahangy SOARIMALALA Fehivola Mandanirina ANDRIAMIARIMANANA Corinne RAHAINGOSOAMAMITIANA Toky RANDRIAMORIA Soloandry RAHAJANDRAIBE Xavier LAMBIN Minoarisoa RAJERISON Sandra TELFER School of Biological Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeenUK Plague unit Institut Pasteur de MadagascarAntananarivoMadagascar Association Vahatra AntananarivoMadagascar

The black rat(Rattus rattus)poses a severe threat to food security and public health in Madagascar,where it is a major cause of pre-and post-harvest crop losses and an important reservoir for many zoonotic diseases,including ***,ecologically based rodent management(EBRM)strategies have been developed using ecologi-cal information to inform decisions on where and when to target *** could deliver improved health and well-being outcomes in Madagascar if adapted to the local ecological *** data collected from removal studies,we explored spatio-temporal patterns in the breeding activity of the black rat(***)in domestic and agricultural habitats across Madagascar and investigated to what extent these trends are influenced by rainfall and rat *** identified clear spatio-temporal variation in the seasonality of *** *** was highly seasonal both inside and outside of houses,but seasonal trends varied between these two ***-sonal trends were explained,in part,by variation in rainfall;however,the effect of rainfall on reproductive rates did itself vary by season and habitat type.A decline in breeding intensity with increasing rat density was recorded outside of *** has important implications for control,as populations may compensate for removal through increased *** recommend that sustained control initiated before the main breeding season,combined with improved hygiene and adequate rodent-proofing in homes and grain stores,could curtail population growth and reduce pre-and post-harvest losses provided that these measures overcome the compensatory response of rodent populations.

关键词： Madagascar Rattus rattus reproductive ecology rodent control

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Early plasma exchange and continuous renal replacement therapy improve puerperal prognosis in hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure in pregnancy

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Liver Research 2024年第2期8卷 118-126页

作者： Lijuan Li Mingming Fan Mi Zhou Pinglan Lu Jianrong Liu Huimin Yi Xuxia Wei Surgical Intensive Care unit The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina

Background and aim:Hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related gestational acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)is a severe condition with limited treatment *** study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and ideal timing of plasma exchange and continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)in managing pregnant women with HBV-related ***:This study retrospectively analyzed 51 eligible patients with HBV-related gestational ACLF between 2009 and *** admitted to the study were divided into a conventional treatment group and a new treatment group according to whether they received the new management protocol,which included more aggressive plasma exchange(PE)and CRRT *** 19 pregnant women with hepatic encephalopathy(HE)were divided into an early treatment group and a non-early treatment group according to whether PE therapy was initiated within three *** study had two primary ***,we aimed to evaluate the impact of PE and CRRT on puerperal ***,we sought to assess the effects of early PE and CRRT regimens on puerperal survival in women with ***:The levels of total bilirubin on the second day postpartum(D3),the third day postpartum(D4),and the fifth day postpartum(D6)were significantly lower in the new treatment group compared to the conventional treatment group(P=0.02,0.01,and 0.02,respectively).The ALT of D3 was significantly elevated in the new treatment group compared to the conventional treatment group(P=0.02).The incidence of HE overall increased from prenatal to postpartum D4,peaked on D4,and then gradually decreased from the fourth day postpartum(D5)(P=0.027).The first week after delivery revealed a significant difference in survival rate between the two groups,the conventional treatment group had statistically higher mortality rates compared to the new treatment group(P=0.002).Similarly,the entire puerperal period mortality rate of the conventional treatment group was statistically higher than the new treatment

关键词： Acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF) Liver disease in pregnancy Hepatitis B virus(HBV) Plasma exchange(PE) Continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT) Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)

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A comparison of model choice strategies for logistic regression

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2024年第1期9卷 37-52页

作者： Markku Karhunen Built Environment Solutions unit Finnish Environment Institute(Syke)Latokartanonkaari 1100790 HelsinkiFinland

Purpose:The purpose of this study is to develop and compare model choice strategies in context of logistic *** choice means the choice of the covariates to be included in the ***/methodology/approach:The study is based on Monte Carlo *** methods are compared in terms of three measures of accuracy:specificity and two kinds of sensitivity.A loss function combining sensitivity and specificity is introduced and used for a final ***:The choice of method depends on how much the users emphasize sensitivity against *** also depends on the sample *** a typical logistic regression setting with a moderate sample size and a small to moderate effect size,either BIC,BICc or Lasso seems to be *** limitations:Numerical simulations cannot cover the whole range of data-generating processes occurring with real-world ***,more simulations are *** implications:Researchers can refer to these results if they believe that their data-generating process is somewhat similar to some of the scenarios presented in this ***,they could run their own simulations and calculate the loss ***/value:This is a systematic comparison of model choice algorithms and heuristics in context of logistic *** distinction between two types of sensitivity and a comparison based on a loss function are methodological novelties.

关键词： Model choice Logistic regression Logit regression Monte Carlo simulations Sensitivity Specificity

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Characteristics and Risk Factors for Pediatric Sepsis

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Current Medical Science 2024年第3期44卷 648-656页

作者： Yong-bing ZHU Tong-lin LIU Qi DAI Shu-fan LIU Peng XIONG Hao HUANG Yi YUAN Tian-nan ZHANG Yu CHEN Department of Pediatric Intensive Care unit Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China

Objective Sepsis is considered a major cause of health loss in children and had high mortality and ***,there is no reliable model for predicting the prognosis of pediatric patients with *** study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of sepsis in children and assess the risk factors associated with poor prognosis in pediatric sepsis patients to identify timely interventions and improve their *** This study analyzed the clinical indicators and laboratory results of septic patients hospitalized in the Pediatric Intensive Care unit of Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,China,from January 1,2019,to December 31,*** factors for sepsis were identified by logistic regression *** A total of 355 children with sepsis were enrolled,with 333 children(93.8%)in the good prognosis group,and 22 children(6.2%)in the poor prognosis *** them,there were 255 patients(71.8%)in the sepsis group,and 100 patients(28.2%)in the severe sepsis *** length of hospital stay in the poor prognosis group was longer than that in the good prognosis group(P0.05),and the platelet(PLT),albumin(ALB),and hemoglobin(Hb)levels were lower in the poor prognosis group(P<0.01).The IL-8 levels in the severe sepsis group were higher than those in the sepsis group(P<0.05).Multiple logistic regression analysis suggested that lower Hb levels,ALB levels,peak PLT counts,and higher IL-1βlevels were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in children with *** Lower Hb,ALB,and PLT counts and elevated IL-1βare independent risk factors for poor prognosis in children with sepsis.

关键词： pediatric sepsis inflammation severity prognosis risk factors

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第4期15卷 256-262页

作者： Jie Er Janice Soo Yuan Helen Zhang Gek Hsiang Lim Fatimah Lateef Department of Emergency Medicine Singapore General HospitalSingapore 168753Singapore Health Services Research unit Singapore General HospitalSingapore168753Singapore

BACKGROUND:This study aimed to review bicycle-related injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic to assist with reinforcement or implementation of new policies for injury ***:This is a retrospective descriptive analysis of injuries sustained during cycling for patients 18 years old and above who presented to Singapore General Hospital from January to June *** records were reviewed and *** analyses were used to summarize patient characteristics,and differences in characteristics subgrouped by triage acuity and discharge status were ***:The study included 272 patients with a mean age of 43 years and a male predominance(71.7%).Most presented without referrals(88.2%)and were not conveyed by ambulances(70.6%).Based on acuity category,there were 24(8.8%)Priority 1(P1)patients with 7 trauma activations,174(64.0%)and 74(27.2%)P2 and P3 patients *** most common injuries were fractures(34.2%),followed by superficial abrasion/contusion(29.4%)and laceration/wound(19.1%).Thirteen(4.8%)patients experienced head injury and 85 patients(31.3%)were documented to be wearing a *** majority occurred on the roads as traffic accidents(32.7%).Forty-two patients(15.4%)were admitted with a mean length of stay of 4.1 d and 17(6.3%)undergone surgical *** of 214(78.7%)discharged patients,no re-attendances or mortality were *** the subgroup analysis,higher acuity patients were generally older,with higher proportions of head injuries leading to ***:Our study highlights significant morbidities in bicycle-related *** is also a high proportion of fractures in the young healthy male *** prevention is paramount and we propose emphasizing helmet use and road user safety.

关键词： Cycling Injuries Emergency department

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Effects of strengthening prospective nursing practice on sleep quality,anxiety,and depression of awake patients in intensive care unit

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第5期14卷 735-741页

作者： Fei Lin Lei Liu Department of Intensive Care unit Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215000Jiangsu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The intensive care unit(ICU)is a specialized hospital *** patients in the ICU frequently encounter adverse psychological states,such as anxiety and fear,often accompanied by poor sleep *** situation has garnered significant attention within the medical *** To investigate the impact of prospective nursing intervention strategies on the sleep quality and negative emotional state of conscious ICU *** One hundred and twenty ICU awake patients admitted to our hospital were selected and randomly divided into control(n=60)and observation(n=60)*** in the control group were cared for using the conventional nursing model,while patients in the observation group were cared for using the prospective nursing *** improvement was assessed using the International Standardized Sleep Efficiency Formula and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI).The PSQI,Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item(GAD-7)scale,Self-Depression Scale(SDS),and satisfaction before and after treatment were used to assess the negative emotional states of patients under the two care *** Patient satisfaction in the observation group was significantly higher than in the control *** GAD-7 and SDS scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,and the total effective rate of sleep improvement in the observation group was significantly higher than in the control *** treatment,the PSQI scores of the two groups significantly decreased(P<0.05).The decrease in the observation group was more significan than that in the control group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically *** Prospective nursing interventions can improve sleep quality and psychological levels and significantly affect conscious patients in the ICU,which is worthy of clinical application.

关键词： Prospective nursing Intensive care unit Sobriety Mental health sleep quality Anxiety and depression

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Genetic causal association between gut microbiota and sepsis: Evidence from a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第3期4卷 362-367页

作者： Jungen Tang Man Huang Department of General Intensive Care unit The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina

Background Sepsis is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by a dysregulated host response and organ *** causal relationship between intestinal microbiota and sepsis is *** A two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)study was performed to proxy the causal association between gut microbiota and *** genome-wide association study(GWAS)data of sepsis and gut microbiome were collected from the Integrative Epidemiology unit(IEU)OpenGWAS,with summary-level data obtained from the UK *** traditional methods were used to estimate the potential causal relationships between gut microbiota and sepsis,including the inverse-variance weighted method,weighted median method,MR-Egger regression,simple mode,and weighted *** MR analysis was performed on the bacteria that were found to be causally associated with sepsis in forward MR ***'s Q statistic was used to quantify the heterogeneity of instrumental *** The inverse-variance weighted estimate suggested that class Lentisphaeria(odds ratio[OR]=0.86,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.78 to 0.94,P=0.0017,q=0.1596)and order Victivallales(OR=0.86,95%CI:0.78 to 0.94,P=0.0017,q=0.1596)have a protective effect on *** genus Eubacterium eligens group(OR=1.34,95%CI:1.11 to 1.63,P=0.0029,q=0.1881)was positively associated with the risk of *** may be a significant risk factor for genus Odoribacter(OR=1.18,95%CI:1.10 to 1.39,P=0.0415,q=0.9849)and Phascolarctobacterium(OR=1.21,95%CI:1.00 to 1.46,P=0.0471,q=0.9849),but this effect was not statistically significant after false discovery rate *** was a suggestive association between sepsis and Faecalibacterium(OR=0.85,95%CI:0.73 to 0.98,P=0.0278)and Ruminococcus 1(OR=0.85,95%CI:0.73 to 1.00,P=0.0439),which were not significant after false discovery rate correction(q>0.2).Conclusions This study found that class Lentisphaeria,order Victivallales,and genus Eubacterium eligens group

关键词： Gut microbiota Sepsis Mendelian randomization

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Effect of metal fractions on rice grain metal uptake and biological parameters in mica mines waste contaminated soils

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 313-324页

作者： Saibal Ghosh Sandip Mondal Jajati Mandal Abhishek Mukherjee Pradip Bhattacharyya Agricultural and Ecological Research unit Indian Statistical InstituteGiridihJharkhand 815301India School of Science Engineering&EnvironmentUniversity of SalfordManchester M54WTUK

Heavy metals from mica waste not only deteriorate the soil quality but also results in the uptake of metals in the *** present investigation was conducted to evaluate the effects of different fractions of metals on the uptake in rice,soil microbial and biochemical properties in mica waste-contaminated soils of Jharkhand,*** each active mine,soil samples were randomly collected at distances of100 m(zone 3).Sequential metal extraction was used to determine the fractions of different metals(nickel(Ni),cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr)and lead(Pb))including water-soluble(Ws)and exchangeable metals(Ex),carbonate-bound metals(CBD),Fe/Mn oxide(OXD)bound metals,organically bound metals(ORG),and residues(RS).The Ni,Cr,Cd and Pb in rice grain were 0.83±0.41,0.41±0.19,0.21±0.14 and 0.17±0.08 mg/kg *** the variable importance plot of the random forest(RF)algorithm,the Ws fraction of Ni,Cr and Cd and Ex fraction of Pb was the most important predictor for rice grain metal ***,the partial dependence plots(PDP)give us an insight into the role of the two most important metal fractions on rice grain metal *** microbial and enzyme activity was significantly and negatively correlated with Ws and Ex metal fractions,indicating that water-soluble and exchangeable fractions exert a strong inhibitory effect on the soil microbiological parameters and enzyme activities.

关键词： Metal fractions Microbial parameters Mica waste soil Soil enzymes Rice Random forest

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Nrf2 and Her3 co-expression in cholangiocarcinoma:Possible biological pathways for potential therapeutic approach

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第3期23卷 317-321页

作者： Paola Parente Valentina Angerilli Giuseppe Zamboni Angelo Sparaneo Fabiola Fiordelisi Leonarda Di Candia Matteo Fassan Paolo Graziano Pathology unit Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza71013San Giovanni Rotondo(Foggia)Italy Department of Medicine(DIMED) Surgical Pathology UnitUniversity of Padua35128Padua(Padua)Italy Pathology unit IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria37024Negrar(Verona)Italy Laboratory of Oncology Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza71013San Giovanni Rotondo(Foggia)Italy Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS 35124Padua(Padua)Italy

To the Editor:Cholangiocarcinomas(CCAs)are heterogeneous group of malignancies,encompassing intrahepatic CCA(iCCA),and extrahepatic CCA(eCCA);they are also classified into common hepatic duct cholangiocarcinoma(CHDCCA),choledocus extrapancreatic cholangiocarcinoma(EPCCA)and choledocus intrapancreatic cholangiocarcinoma(IPCCA)and,finally,gallbladder carcinoma(GBCCA).CCAs are relatively uncommon but.

关键词： carcinoma gallbladder Nrf2

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Artificial intelligence in detection of small bowel lesions and their bleeding risk:A new step forward

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第18期30卷 2482-2484页

作者： Silvia Cocca Giuseppina Pontillo Giuseppe Grande Rita Conigliaro Gastroenterology and Endoscopy unit Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico di ModenaModena 41121Italy Gastroenterology and Endoscopy unit Presidio Ospedaliero San Giuseppe Moscati(AversaCE)-ASL CasertaCaserta 81100Italy Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di ModenaModena 41121Italy

The present letter to the editor is related to the study with the title“Automatic detection of small bowel(SB)lesions with different bleeding risk based on deep learning models”.Capsule endoscopy(CE)is the main tool to assess SB diseases but it is a time-consuming procedure with a significant error *** development of artificial intelligence(AI)in CE could simplify physicians’*** novel deep learning model by Zhang et al seems to be able to identify various SB lesions and their bleeding risk,and it could pave the way to next perspective studies to better enhance the diagnostic support of AI in the detection of different types of SB lesions in clinical practice.

关键词： Capsule endoscopy Small bowel Artificial intelligence Bleeding risk Vascular lesions

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