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Avian sibling cannibalism: Hoopoe mothers regularly use their last hatched nestlings to feed older siblings

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Zoological Research 2022年第2期43卷 265-274页

作者： Juan JoseSoler Manuel Martin-Vivaldi Sona Nuhlickova Cristina Ruiz-Castellano Monica Mazorra-Alonso Ester Martinez-Renau Manfred Eckenfellner Jan Svetlik Herbert Hoi departamento de ecologia Funcional y Evolutiva Estacion Experimental de Zonas Aridas(EEZA-CSIC)Almeria E-04120Spain unidad Asociada Coevolucion:Cucos Hospedadores y Bacterias SimbiontesUniversidad de GranadaGranada E-18003Spain departamento de Zoologia Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de GranadaGranada E-18003Spain department of Ecology Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius UniversityBratislava SK-84215Slovakia Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology Department of Interdisciplinary Life SciencesUniversity of Veterinary MedicineVienna A-1160Austria

Sibling cannibalism is relatively common in nature,but its evolution in birds and certain other vertebrates with extended parental care had been discarded.Here,however,we demonstrate its regular occurrence in two European populations of the Eurasian hoopoe(Upupa epops)and explore possible adaptive and non-adaptive explanations.Results showed that sibling cannibalism was more frequently detected in Spain(51.7%)than in Austria(5.9%).In these two populations,the hoopoes laid similar clutch sizes,resulting in similar fledging production,but hatching failures were more frequent in the northern population.Consequently,having more nestlings condemned to die in the southern population may explain the higher incidence of sibling cannibalism.In accordance with this interpretation,hatching span and failure,but not breeding date,explained the probability of sibling cannibalism in the Spanish hoopoes,while all three variables predicted brood reduction intensity.Furthermore,experimental food supply reduced the probability of sibling cannibalism,but not the intensity of brood reduction.Finally,females allocated fewer resources to the smallest nestlings when they were going to starve,but not necessarily when they were going to be used as food for their siblings.These results suggest that hoopoes produce extra eggs that,in the case of reduced hatching failure and food scarcity,produce nestlings that are used to feed older siblings.These findings provide the first evidence that sibling cannibalism occurs regularly in a bird species,thus expanding our evolutionary understanding of clutch size,hatching asynchrony,parent-offspring conflict,infanticide,and sibling cannibalism in the animal kingdom.

关键词： Brood reduction Clutch size Hatching asynchrony Ice-box hypothesis Infanticide Siblicide Sibling hierarchy Upupa epops

Asymmetry in genitalia is in sync with lateralized mating behavior but not with the lateralization of other behaviors

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Current Zoology 2020年第1期66卷 71-81页

作者： Julian TORRES-DOWDALL Sina J.ROMETSCH Gaston AGUILERA Guillermo GOyENOLA Axel MEyER department of Biology University of KonstanzKonstanzGermany Zukunftskolleg University of KonstanzKonstanzGermany Hector Fellow Academy KarlsruheGermany unidad Ejecutora Lillo(CONICET) Fundacion Miguel LilloTucumanArgentina departamento de ecologia y Gestion Ambiental Centro Universitario Regional Del EsteUniversidad de la RepublicaUruguay

Asymmetries in bilateral organisms attract a lot of curiosity given that they are conspicuous departures from the norm.They allow the investigation of the integration at different levels of biological organization.Here we study whether and how behavioral and asymmetrical anatomical traits coevolved and work together.We ask if asymmetry is determined locally for each trait or at a whole individual level in a species bearing conspicuous asymmetrical genitalia.Asymmetric genitalia evolved in many species;however,in most cases the direction of asymmetry is fixed.Therefore,it has been rarely determined if there is an association between the direction of asymmetry in genitalia and other traits.In onesided livebearer fish of the genus Jenynsia(Cyprinodontiformes,Anablepidae),the anal fin of males is modified into a gonopodium,an intromittent organ that serves to inseminate females.The gonopodium shows a conspicuous asymmetry,with its tip bending either to the left or the right.By surveying 13 natural populations of Jenynsia lineata,we found that both genital morphs are equally common in wild populations.In a series of experiments in a laboratory population,we discovered asymmetry and lateralization for multiple other traits;yet,the degree of integration varied highly among them.Lateralization in exploratory behavior in response to different stimuli was not associated with genital morphology.Interestingly,the direction of genital asymmetry was positively correlated with sidedness of mating preference and the number of neuromasts in the lateral line.This suggests integration of functionally linked asymmetric traits;however,there is no evidence that asymmetry is determined at the whole individual level in our study species.

关键词： antisymmetry behavioral lateralization Jenynsia iineata Jenynsia multidentata phenotypic integration

Tentative Identification of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities during Fruit-Ripening on Chamaedorea radicalis Mart.

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第2期89卷 361-373页

作者： Gerardo Montelongo-Ruiz yolanda del Rocio Moreno-Ramirez Maria Cruz Juarez-Aragon NohemiNino-Garcia Reyna Ivonne Torres-Acosta Torres-Castillo Jorge Ariel Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas Instituto de Ecologia AplicadaCiudad Victoria87019Mexico Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas Unidad Academica Multidisciplinaria ManteCiudad Mante89840Mexico

This work aims to determine the phytochemical characterization of the pericarp of Chamaedorea radicalis Mart.fruit as a non-timber product with potential to obtain phytochemicals with potential applications in the industry.Fruit from C.radicalis were grouped in four ripening stages named as S1,S2,S3 and S4,according to maturity;S1 the most unripe stage and S4 the completely ripe stage.determinations of total phenolic compounds,free radical scavenging activities and total flavonoid contents using spectrophotometric methods were done.Also,the tentative identification of phytochemicals during fruit ripening was done using UPLC-MS-MS.Total phenolic compound(TPC)content ranged from 7.24 to 12.53 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of fresh weight(mg GAE/g FW).Total flavonoids(TF)contents ranged from 0.163 to 0.23 mg of quercetin equivalents per g FW(mg QE/g FW).Free radical scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals varied from 40.80 to 53.68 and from 22.29 to 37.76 mmol Trolox equivalents g FW(mmol TE/g FW),respectively.Antioxidant assay in vitro by FRAP(ferric reducing antioxidant power)method showed that S3 was the highest level with antioxidant power while S4 was the lowest with Red ripeness stage showed the lowest contents for all determinations.Mass spectrometry allowed detection of 26 compounds,including phenolics,alkaloids and saponins.Afzelin,Kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside and the four saponins identified were present in all ripeness stages.Preliminary phytochemical identification and the spectrophotometric determinations showed that the pericarp of C.radicalis presented antioxidants and compounds related to alkaloids,phenolics and saponins.The presence and abundance of each phytochemical regarding each ripeness stage should be considered.

关键词： Metabolite identification palm free radical scavenging phenolic compounds saponins

Mollusks of the Rocky Intertidal Zone at Three Sites in Oaxaca,Mexico

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2014年第4期4卷 326-337页

作者： Pedro Flores-Rodríguez Rafael Flores-Garza Sergio García-Ibánez Carmina Torreblanca-Ramírez Lizeth Galeana-Rebolledo Enedina Santiago-Cortes Laboratorio de ecologia Costera y Sustentabilidad Unidad Academica de Ecologia MarinaUniversidad Autonoma de GuerreroAcapulcoMexico Doctorado en Ciencias Ambientales Unidad de Ciencias de Desarrollo RegionalUniversidad Autonoma de GuerreroAcapulcoMexico

The community of mollusks at three rocky intertidal zone in Oaxaca, Mexico was analyzed. Two samplings per site were conducted. At each sampling the inspected area was 10 m2. The sampling unit was 1 m2. 5862 specimens were examined. 68 mollusks species were identified. The families better represented in species richness were: FISSURELLIDAE, MURICIDAE, LOTIIDAE, MyTILIDAE, CHAMIDAE, ISCHNOCHITONIDAE y CHITONIDAE. The species that had the greatest density were Lottia discors, Siphonaria palmata, Lottia acutapex, Chormoytilus palliopunctatus, Brachidontes adamsianus, Chton articulatus e Ischnochiton muscarius. The species with the widest distribution represent 11.76%. With irregular distribution was found in 58.82% of the species. The gastropod Crucibulummonticulus, the bivalve C. palliopunctatus and the polyplacophoran C. articulatus had the greatest size. The value of diversity index was H’ = 4.29 bits/ind. and J’ = 0.72. The mollusks community in the rocky intertidal zone study sites is characterized by small size, because they rarely exceed seventy millimeters. The values of H’ and J’ indicate that the mollusk community in the study area has a high diversity and high uniformity, corresponding to mature and stable communities in a tropical region.

关键词： Intertidal Zone Oaxaca Biodiversity Mollusks

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON THE IMPACT OF NITROGEN dePOSITION ON GLOBAL GRASSLANDS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第3期9卷 425-444页

作者： Carly J.STEVENS Sofía BASTO Michael DBELL Tianxiang HAO Kevin KIRKMAN Raul OCHOA-HUESO Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK unidad de ecologia y sistematica Departamento de BiologiaFacultad de CienciasPontificia Universidad JaverianaCarrera 7 No.43-82 Ed.Jesus Emilio Ramirez(53)BogotaColombia National Park Service Air Resources DivisionLakewoodCO 80235USA Synthesis Research Center of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and RemediationChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban4041South Africa departamento de Biologia-IVAGRO Universidad de CadizCampus Rio San Pedro11510 Puerto RealSpain department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology(NIOO-KNAW)P.O.Box 506700 ABWageningenthe Netherlands

Grasslands are globally-important ecosystems providing critical ecosystem services.The species composition and characteristics of grasslands vary considerably across the planet with a wide variety of different grasslands found.However,in many regions grasslands have been impacted by atmospheric nitrogen deposition originating from anthropogenic activities with effects on productivity,species composition and diversity widely reported.Impacts vary across grassland habitats but many show declines in species richness and increases in biomass production related to soil eutrophication and acidification.At a continental level,there is considerable variation in the research effort that has been put into understanding the impacts of nitrogen deposition.In Europe,North America and parts of Asia,although there are unanswered research questions,there is a good understanding of N deposition impacts in most grassland habitats.This is not the case in other regions with large knowledge gaps in some parts of the world.This paper reviews the impacts of N deposition on grasslands around the world,highlighting recent advances and areas where research is still needed.

关键词： acidification biomass production critical load eutrophication species composition species richness

Strategic adjustment of copulatory plug size in a nematode

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Current Zoology 2019年第5期65卷 571-577页

作者： Jorge Canales-LAZCANO Jorge Contreras-GARDUNO Carlos CORdeRO Posgrado en Ciencias Biomedicas Institute)de EcologiaUNAMCircuito Exterior S/Nanexo al Jardfn Botanico exteriorCiudad UniversitariaCiudad de MexicoMexico Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoUnidad MoreliaAntigua Carretera a Patzcuaro No.8701Col.Ex-Hacienda San Jose de la HuertaMoreliaMichoacanMexico departamento de ecologia Evolutiva Instituto de EcologlaUNAMCircuito Exterior S/Nanexo al Jardin Botanico exteriorCiudad UniversitariaCiudad de MexicoMexico

Copulatory plugs(CP)are substances produced during copulation that block the genital openings of the female.In several species of Nematoda,males produce CP that are thought to impede female remating and thus sperm competition.The relatively large size of the CP in several nematodes,and its evolutionary loss in self-fertilizing populations of Caenorhabditis elegans,suggests that CP are costly to produce.If CP production is costly,the application of basic concepts of strategic ejaculation theory suggests a modulated allocation of CP in response to sperm competition risk.This hypothesis led us to predict that males perceiving a higher risk of sperm competition will produce larger CP.We tested these ideas with the entomopathogenic,gonochoristic nematode Rhabditis regina.Our first experiment provides evidence suggesting that production of CP is costly,because the size of CP is negatively affected by stressful conditions(high population density,small male adult size,and suboptimal food type).The results of our second experiment support the prediction that males adjust the size of CP to sperm competition risk:the average size of CP increased as the number of males competing for one female increased.Overall,our study supports the idea that in R.regina the production of CP is costly for males and that the size of the CP produced is influenced by sperm competition risk.

关键词： copulatory plug sexual selection sperm competition strategic ejaculation nematodes

Polyplacophora species richness,composition and distribution of its community associated with the intertidal rocky substrate in the marine priority region No.32 in Guerrero,Mexico

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Open Journal of Ecology 2012年第4期2卷 192-201页

作者： Rafael Flores-Garza Lizeth Galeana-Rebolledo Adriana Reyes-Gomez Sergio Garcia Ibanez Carmina Torreblanca-Ramirez Pedro Flores-Rodriguez y Arcadio Valdes Gonzalez unidad Academica de ecologia Marina Laboratorio de Ecologia Costera y SustentabilidadFraccionamiento Las PlayasAcapulcoMexico Doctorado en Ciencias Ambientales Unidad de Ciencias de Desarrollo RegionalUniversidad Autonoma de Guerrero.Calle Pino s/n Colonia El Roble AcapulcoAcapulcoMexico

The coast of Acapulco is located within the Marine Priority Region No. 32 (MPR No. 32) at the State of Guerrero, Mexico. The National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity has stated the lack of information on marine species that live there, among which are the Class Polyplacophora. This study aimed to: 1) determine species richness, 2) the community structure based on the representative families, 3) estimate the density, 4) locate species distribution, 5) determine their degree of occurrence (hierarchical position) within the community, 6) analyze the structure of length and width across the populations and 7) estimate the diversity index. The intertidal rocky substrate at seven beaches was sampled from 2009 to 2012. The sampling unit 1 m2, while the area sampled was 10 m2. It was analyzed 2.548 specimens of Polyplacophora, with 20 species identified. Tonicellidae and Ischnochitonidae were the Families better represented inspecies richness and Chitonidae in abundance. Lepidochitona flectens is a new record for the Mexican Tropical Pacific and Stenoplax mariposa for MPR. No. 32. The density was 25.48 specimens/m2. Eight dominant species were determined. Chiton albolineatus had the highest density. Ischnochiton muscarius, Chaetopleura unilineata, Chiton albolineatus and Chiton articulatus presented wide distribution. Chiton articulatus showed the largest size in length and width. H’ = 2.01 bits/ individual. Numerous dominant species were present with broad and regular distribution, probably due to Polyplacophora body design, which allows for better adaptation to the rigorous environmental conditions of the rocky intertidal.

关键词： Polyplacophora Species Richness Distribution Sizes

Commercially Important Marine Mollusks for Human Consumption in Acapulco,Mexico

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Natural Resources 2012年第1期3卷 11-17页

作者： Rafael Flores-Garza Sergio Garcia-Ibanez Pedro Flores-Rodriguez Carmina Torreblanca-Ramirez Lizeth Galeana-Rebolledo Arcadio Valdes-Gonzalez Arquimedes Suastegui-Zarate Juan Violante-Gonzalez unidad Academica de ecologia Marina Universidad Autonoma de GuerreroAcapulcoMexico Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo LeonCiudad UniversitariaSan Nicolas de los GarzaMexico

Acapulco, offers for international tourism a variety of mollusks that are delightful to the palate and a source of economic revenue for its residents;however there are no studies on the species consumed. Furthermore, data from the State agencies responsible for registration of these products are unclear. This work is aimed to develop an inventory of Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Polyplacophora marketed as food, to gain knowledge on the species native to Acapulco and the introduced ones. The places that sell shellfish were interviewed from 2008 to 2011 in order to determine the geographical origin of their products being offered. We identified 42 species: 15 species of gastropods are captured locally and three are introduced. On Bivalvia, seven species are caught locally and 16 are introduced. There are Bivalvia species caught locally;however, their capture is now unaffordable. It is likely that this situation is due to overfishing and/or the transmission of diseases or parasites caused by the introduction of foreign living organisms to Acapulco. Within the list of species caught locally, there are some listed as of subject protection;all of these organisms are exploited in Acapulco without control. The wealth of marine mollusks for human consumption in Acapulco is very high. The capture does not satisfy local market demand and the amount of introduced species is very high. It is necessary to make a diagnostic analysis of mollusk fishing industry in the state of Guerrero, also implement a management program, including the sanitary measures and control of introduced species, as they arrive alive and stay alive in the waters of Acapulco. A significant number of native species that have aquaculture potential should be studied for commercial culture practice as well as to conduct studies on their biology on those species that are considered over-exploited and allow recovery of the species in its habitat.

关键词： Mollusks Commercial Consumption Human Acapulco México

Species richness and community structure of class Polyplacophora at the intertidal rocky shore on the marine priority region no.33,Mexico

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第2期4卷 43-52页

作者： Lizeth Galeana-Rebolledo Rafael Flores-Garza Adriana Reyes-Gomez Sergio Garcia-Ibanez Pedro Flores-Rodriguez Carmina Torreblanca-Ramirez Arcadio Valdes-Gonzalez unidad Academica de ecologia Marina Universidad Autonoma de GuerreroAcapulcoMexico Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon Laboratorio de AcuaculturaFacultad de Ciencias BiologicasCiudad UniversitariaSan Nicolas de los GarzaMexico

Marine Priority Region No. 33 (MPR 33) lies in the State of Guerrero, where the National Commission for Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity has declared a lack of information on marine species, Class POLyPLACOPHORA among others. This program was carried out on the rocky intertidal zone of MPR 33 with the objectives to: 1) determine species richness, 2) community composition based on families represented, 3) estimate the density, 4) index of diversity, 5) analyze body proportions and 6) geographic distribution of species. Three surveys on five sites were conducted during 2009 and 2012, using one mt2 quadrant for systematic sampling procedure;collecting all POLyPLACOPHORA specimens found within the quadrants, then proceeding with their preservation. 441 organisms were analyzed where 17 species were identified, on nine genera within six families. Fifteen new species were recorded for the MPR 33. Family ISCHNOCHITONIDAE Dall, 1889 was the best represented in species richness and CHITONIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 in abundance. density of 8.82 organisms/m2, the H′ index was 2.38 bits/individuals and J′ = 0.57. The species Chiton (Chiton) articulatus Sowerby, 1832 showed the highest density, greater size and was found in all five collection sites. Three species, (Chiton (C.) articulatus, Ischnochiton (Ischnochiton) muscarius (Reeve, 1847) and Chiton (Chiton) alboli-neatus Broderip & Sowerby, 1829), were considered wide. Intertidal species richness was associated with habitat stability and wave intensity;the more unstable sites had greater richness while most stable sites lower. Species inventory and understanding the communities’ interactions of the marine fauna of the State of Guerrero are important;therefore these efforts must be continued.

关键词： Polyplacophora New Records Methodology RMP 33 Guerrero