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The Ghana Project in Psychiatry: A Systematic Description of the Mental Health Services

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2020年第4期10卷 141-170页

作者： Michael Atakora Mdala Ibrahim Emmanuel Asampong Faculty of Health Sciences Institute of Clinical Medicine UiT The Arctic University of Norway Troms&#248 Norway Department of General Practice University of Oslo Oslo Norway Department of Behavioural Sciences School of Public Health University of Ghana Legon Ghana

Introduction: Mental health is a neglected field within the health care system in Ghana. Studies and public education focusing on mental health remain low, leading to poor knowledge and awareness of mental health among the population. Objective: The overall aim of this study was to provide a systematic description of mental health services in Ghana. Methods: A snowball technique was used to select a total of 42 mental health professionals from six hospitals for interviews. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: Major findings of this study include inadequate human and material resources;poor knowledge of mental health among the population;weak coordination between general practitioners and mental health professionals;inadequate mental health services in schools and prisons. Additionally, 54.8% of respondents reported limited mental health educational materials, and most schools (54.8%) lacking trained resident mental health professionals. The main interventions for service delivery are taking over activities of daily living by nurses, problem assessment, and psychological interventions which achieved the same results (69%). A tendency to consult faith-based healers and prayer camps;a lack of mental health research capacity, specifically research focusing on policies;and weakness in the organization and decentralization of mental health services in Ghana are among the common challenges to seeking care. Conclusion: Public mental health education on available resources and services is important. Capacity research focusing on dissemination and implementation of mental health policies can serve as the basis for addressing mental health challenges and improving service delivery in Ghana.

关键词： Mental Health Service Resources Organization Decentralization Differentiation

Stimulated electromagnetic emissions spectrum observed during an X-mode heating experiment at the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2019年第5期3卷 391-399页

作者： Xiang Wang Chen Zhou Tong Xu Farideh Honary Michael Rietveld Vladimir Frolov Department of Space Physics School of Electronic InformationWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment China Research Institute of Radiowave PropagationQingdao 266107China Department of Physics Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA1 4YBUK EISCAT Scientific Association N-9027 RamfjordmoenNorway Institute for Physics and Technology UiT The Arctic University of NorwayN-9037TromsφNorway Radiophysical Research Institute Nizhny Novgorod 603600Russia Kazan Federal university Kazan 420008Russia

An extraordinary(X-mode)electromagnetic wave,injected into the ionosphere by the ground-based heating facility at Tromsφ,norway,was utilized to modify the ionosphere on November 6,*** high-power high-frequency transmitter facility located at Tromsφ belongs to the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific *** the experiment,stimulated electromagnetic emission(SEE)spectra were observed.A narrow continuum occurred under cold-start conditions and showed an overshoot effect lasting several *** peaks occurred on both sides of the heating frequency only in the preconditioned ionosphere and also showed an overshoot *** SEE features are probably related to the ponderomotive process in the X-mode heating experiment and are helpful for understanding the physical mechanism that generated them during the X-mode heating *** features observed in the X-mode heating experiments are novel and require further investigation.

关键词： artificial ionosphere modification stimulated electromagnetic emissions extraordinary electromagnetic wave European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association(EISCAT)

Changes in Barents Sea Ice Edge Positions in the Last 442 Years. Part 2: Sun, Moon and Planets

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第2期11卷 279-341页

作者： Jan-Erik Solheim Stig Falk-Petersen Ole Humlum Nils-Axel Mö rner Retired Department of Physics and Technology UiT The Arctic University of Norway Troms&oslash Norway Akvaplan-niva The Fram Centre Troms&oslash Norway The university Centre on Svalbard (UNIS) Longyearbyen Svalbard Norway Department of Geosciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway Deceased Paleogeophysics & Geodynamics Stockholm Sweden

This is the second paper in a series of two, which analyze the position of the Barents Sea ice-edge (BIE) based on a 442-year long dataset to understand its time variations. The data have been collected from ship-logs, polar expeditions, and hunters in addition to airplanes and satellites in recent times. Our main result is that the BIE position alternates between a southern and a northern position followed by Gulf Stream Beats (GSBs) at the occurrence of deep solar minima. We decompose the low frequency BIE position variations in cycles composed of dominant periods which are related to the Jose period of 179 years, indicating planetary forcings. We propose that the mechanism transferring planetary signals into changes in BIE position is the solar wind (SW), which provides magnetic shielding of the Earth in addition to geomagnetic disturbances. Increase in the solar wind produces pressure which decelerates the Earth’s rotation. It also transfers electrical energy to the ring current in the earth’s magnetosphere. This current magnetizes the earth’s solid core and makes it rotate faster. To conserve angular momentum the earth’s outer fluid mantle rotates slower with a delay of about 100 years. In addition will geomagnetic storms, initiated by solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) penetrate deep in the Earth’s atmosphere and change pressure pattern in the arctic. This effect is larger during solar minima since the magnetic shielding then is reduced. The arctic may then experience local warming. The transition of solar activities to a possibly deep and long minimum in the present century may indicate arctic cooling and the BIE moving south this century. For the North Atlantic region, effects of the BIE expanding southward will have noticeable consequences for the ocean bio-production from about 2040.

关键词： Barents Sea Ice Edge Position Cyclic and Non-Linear Changes Lunar and Solar Forcing Planetary Orbit Synchronization

Triple-helix knowledge-based Sino-Nordic arctic relationships for trust and sustainable development

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Advances in Polar Science 2016年第3期27卷 180-184页

作者： Rasmus Gjedsso Bertelsen university of Tromso-The arctic university of norway Postboks 6050TromsoTroms 9037Norway

This paper goes beyond Sino-Nordic arctic science diplomacy and looks at Sino-Nordic arctic triple-helix knowledge- based collaborations among academia, business, civil society （the inclusion of which moves beyond the original triple-helix concept）, and government. In light of the potential of science diplomacy for building Sino-arctic trust under systemic international conditions of power transition and globalization, this is the natural next step toward exploring triple-helix collaborations. Knowledge-based collaborations between academia, business, civil society, and government also open up avenues for innovation and entrepreneurship by both arctic societies and Chinese society in attempts to address major challenges to sustainable development in these societies. This paper discusses possible triple-helix knowledge-based collaborations with China by each of the five Nordic countries, and highlights the innovation and entrepreneurial talents of summer school students at the university of International Relations in Beijing in developing projects as part of a course entitled ＂The Global arctic＂.

关键词： international relations power transition trust science diplomacy triple-helix Nordic China

MapMan4: A Refined Protein Classification and Annotation Framework Applicable to Multi-Omics Data Analysis

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Molecular Plant 2019年第6期12卷 879-892页

作者： Rainer Schwacke Gabriel Y.Ponce-Soto Kirsten Krause Anthony M.Bolger Borjana Arsova Asis Hallab Kristina Gruden Mark Stitt Marie E.Bolger Bjorn Usadel Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences) Forschungszentrum Julich Wilhelm Johnen StraBe Jiilich Germany Department of arctic and Marine Biology The Arctic University of Norway Biology Building 9037 Tromso Norway Institute for Botany and Molecular Genetics BioEconomy Science Center Worringer Weg RWTH Aachen University 52074 Aachen Germany National Institute of Biology Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology Vedna Pot 111 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology Department of Systems Regulation 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany

Genome sequences from over 200 plant species have already been published, with this number expected to increase rapidly due to advances in sequencing technologies. Once a new genome has been assembled and the genes identified, the functional annotation of their putative translational products, proteins, using ontologies is of key importance as it places the sequencing data in a biological context. Furthermore, to keep pace with rapid production of genome sequences, this functional annotation process must be fully automated. Here we present a redesigned and significantly enhanced MapMan4 framework, together with a revised version of the associated online Mercator annotation tool. Compared with the original MapMan, the new ontology has been expanded almost threefold and enforces stricter assignment rules. This framework was then incorporated into Mercator4, which has been upgraded to reflect current knowledge across the land plant group, providing protein annotations for all embryophytes with a comparably high quality. The annotation process has been optimized to allow a plant genome to be annotated in a matter of minutes. The output results continue to be compatible with the established MapMan desktop application.

关键词： Plant genomes Functional annotation MapMan Mercator Transcriptomes

Pacing and predictors of performance during cross-country skiing races:A systematic review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第4期7卷 381-393页

作者： Thomas Stogg Barbara Pellegrini Hans-Christer Holmberg Department of Sport and Exercise Science University of SalzburgHallein/Rif 5400Austria CeRiSM Research Centre＂Sport Mountainand Health＂Rovereto 36068Italy Department of Neuroscience Biomedicine and MovementUniversity of VeronaVerona 37100Italy Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre Mid Sweden UniversityOstersund 83128Sweden School of Sport Sciences UiT Arctic University of NorwayTroms（）9037Norway School of Kinesiology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 121Canada Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska InstitutetStockhol 17177Sweden Corresponding author.E-mail address：thomas.stoeggl@sbg.ac.at

Background： Cross-country skiing （XCS） racing, a popular international winter sport, is complex and challenging from physical, technical, and tactical perspectives. Despite the vast amount of research focusing on this sport, no review has yet addressed the pacing strategies of elite XCS racers or the factors that influence their performance. The aim was to review the scientific literature in an attempt to determine the effects of pacing strategy on the performance of elite XCS racers. Methods： Four electronic databases were searched using relevant subject headings and keywords. Only original research articles published in peerreviewed journals and the English language and addressing performance, biomechanics, physiology, and anthropometry of XCS racers were reviewed. Results： All 27 included articles applied correlative designs to study the effectiveness of different pacing strategies. None of the articles involved the use of an experimental design. Furthermore, potential changes in external conditions （e.g.,weather, ski properties） were not taken into consideration. A comparable number of studies focused on the skating or classical technique. In most cases, positive pacing was observed, with certain indications that higher-level athletes and those with more endurance and strength utilized a more even pacing strategy. The ability to achieve and maintain a long cycle length on all types of terrain was an important determinant of performance in all of the included studies, which was not the case for cycle rate. In general, uphill performance was closely related to overall race performance, with uphill performance being most closely correlated to the success of female skiers and performance on flat terrain being more important for male skiers. Moreover, pacing was coupled to the selection and distribution of technique during a race, with faster skiers employing more double poling and kick double poling, less diagonal stride, and more V2 （double dance） than V1 （single d

关键词： Classic style Competition Cycle characteristics Positive pacing Skating

Glyphosate-Residues in Roundup-Ready Soybean Impair Daphnia magna Life-Cycle

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2015年第1期4卷 24-36页

作者： Marek Cuhra Terje Traavik Mickael Dando Raul Primicerio Daniel Ferreira Holderbaum Thomas Bohn Faculty of Health Sciences The Arctic University of NorwayTromsoNorway GenOk—Centre for Biosafety The Science ParkTromsoNorway Faculty of Biosciences Fisheries and EconomicsThe Arctic University of NorwayTromsoNorway Graduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources Federal University of Santa Catarina(UFSC)FlorianópolisBrazil

Herbicide tolerant plants such as Roundup-Ready soybean contain residues of glyphosate herbicide. These residues are considered safe and previous animal-feeding-studies have failed to find negative effects related to such chemical residues. The present study tests 8 experimental soy- meal diets as feed in groups (each containing 20 individuals) of test-animals (D. magna). The diets have different levels of glyphosate residues and we show that animal growth, reproductive maturity and number of offspring are correlated with these chemicals. The tested soybeans are from ordinary agriculture in Iowa USA and the residues are below the regulatory limits. Despite this, clear negative effects are seen in life-long feeding. The work enhances the need for including analysis of herbicide residues in future assessment of GMO.

关键词： Transgenic GTS 40-3-2 Roundup-Ready Soybean Glyphosate Residues Life-Long Animal Feeding Study GMO Risk-Assessment Herbicide-Tolerant Cultivar Quality Aquatic Invertebrate Ecotoxicology

The Effect of MRP5-Expression on Human Erythroleukemia (HEL) Cell Growth and cGMP Levels

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2016年第1期7卷 64-70页

作者： Xiaoyan Chen Roy A. Lysaa Ragnhild Jaeger Emanuel Boadu Georg Sager Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Medical Biology Faculty of Health Sciences Arctic University of Norway Tromso Norway

Background: Previous studies of patients with acute leukemia showed that plasma cGMP levels were markedly elevated before treatment, fell after successful therapy but increased after relapse. In many cells high concentrations of GMP have an antiproliferative effect. The cellular cGMP extrusion from cancer cells may represent an acquired resistance against an endogenous antiproliferative signal molecule. Multidrug resistance associated protein 5 (MRP5) has been identified as an important cGMP transporter. Methods: A human erythroleukemia cell line (HEL) was used to study the impact of cGMP and cGMP-elevating compounds like theophylline, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2). MRP5 was overexpressed in HEL cells by transfection. Concentrations of cGMP were determined with RIA or HPLC and cell densities were determined by cytometry. Results: The concentration ratio between extra- and intracellular cGMP concentrations was >1, meaning that HEL cells extruded cGMP against a concentration gradient and MRP5 was identified in these cells. In some cell types butyrate increases cellular cGMP levels by stimulating soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and thereby the cellular efflux. This effect did not exist for HEL cells. MRP5 transfected HEL cells which were exposed to cGMP was clearly more sensitive to the antiproliferative effect than the wild type. On the other hand, exposing the transfected HEL cells to cGMP-elevating agents (theophylline, SNP and NaNO2) showed less sensitivity than the wildtype. Conclusion: This study supports the idea that some cancers acquire resistance against endogenous signal molecules with antiproliferative potency.

关键词： Cyclic GMP MRP5 Resistance Cancer Growth Regulation

Standardization and Future Directions in Pattern Identification Research: International Brainstorming Session

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2016年第9期22卷 714-720页

作者： Jeeyoun Jung Bongki Park Ju Ah Lee Sooseong You Terje Alraek 卞兆祥 Stephen Birch Tae-Hun Kim 徐浩 Chris Zaslawski Byoung-Kab Kang Myeong Soo Lee Medical Research Division Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine National Research Center in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Department of Community Medicine UiT The Artic University of Norway university College of Health Sciences Campus Kristiania Institute of Acupuncture School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist University Xiyuan Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences College of Traditional Chinese Medicine University of Technology

An international brainstorming session on standardizing pattern identification（PI） was held at the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine on October 1, 2013 in Daejeon, South Korea. This brainstorming session was convened to gather insights from international traditional East Asian medicine specialists regarding PI standardization. With eight presentations and discussion sessions, the meeting allowed participants to discuss research methods and diagnostic systems used in traditional medicine for PI. One speaker presented a talk titled ＂The diagnostic criteria for blood stasis syndrome： implications for standardization of PI＂. Four speakers presented on future strategies and objective measurement tools that could be used in PI research. Later, participants shared information and methodology for accurate diagnosis and PI. They also discussed the necessity for standardizing PI and methods for international collaborations in pattern research.

关键词： pattern identification international symposium Chinese medicine