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Relative Impacts of Sea Ice Loss and Atmospheric Internal Variability on the Winter arctic to East Asian Surface Air Temperature Based on Large-Ensemble Simulations with NorESM2

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1511-1526页

作者： Shengping HE Helge DRANGE Tore FUREVIK Huijun WANG Ke FAN Lise Seland GRAFF Yvan J.ORSOLINI Geophysical Institute University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchBergen 5020Norway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center Bergen 5007Norway Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 211544China Nansen-Zhu International Research Center Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 511458China School of Atmospheric Science Sun Yat-Sen Universityand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519082China Norwegian Meteorological Institute Oslo 0313Norway Norwegian Institute for Air Research Kjeller 2007Norway

To quantify the relative contributions of arctic sea ice and unforced atmospheric internal variability to the “warm arctic, cold East Asia”(WACE) teleconnection, this study analyses three sets of large-ensemble simulations carried out by the Norwegian Earth System Model with a coupled atmosphere–land surface model, forced by seasonal sea ice conditions from preindustrial, present-day, and future periods. Each ensemble member within the same set uses the same forcing but with small perturbations to the atmospheric initial state. Hence, the difference between the present-day(or future) ensemble mean and the preindustrial ensemble mean provides the ice-loss-induced response, while the difference of the individual members within the present-day(or future) set is the effect of atmospheric internal variability. Results indicate that both present-day and future sea ice loss can force a negative phase of the arctic Oscillation with a WACE pattern in winter. The magnitude of ice-induced arctic warming is over four(ten) times larger than the ice-induced East Asian cooling in the present-day(future) experiment;the latter having a magnitude that is about 30% of the observed cooling. Sea ice loss contributes about 60%(80%) to the arctic winter warming in the present-day(future) experiment. Atmospheric internal variability can also induce a WACE pattern with comparable magnitudes between the arctic and East Asia. Ice-lossinduced East Asian cooling can easily be masked by atmospheric internal variability effects because random atmospheric internal variability may induce a larger magnitude warming. The observed WACE pattern occurs as a result of both arctic sea ice loss and atmospheric internal variability, with the former dominating arctic warming and the latter dominating East Asian cooling.

关键词： arctic sea ice loss warm arctic–cold East Asia atmospheric internal variability large-ensemble simulation NorESM2 PAMIP

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Traditio,nal East Asian Medicine:How to Understand and Approach Diagnostic Findings and Patterns in A Modern Scientific Framework?

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2014年第5期20卷 336-340页

作者： Stephen Birch Terje Alraek university College of Health Sciences-Campus Kristiania OsloNorway National Research Centre in Complementary and Alternative Medicine UiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsoNorway

Research into the diagnostic methods and patterns of traditional East Asian medical （TEAM） systems of practice such as acupuncture and herbal medicine face certain challenges due to the nature of thinking in TEAM and the subjective basis of judgments made in practice. The TEAM-based diagnosis can take into account various findings and signs such as the appearance of the tongue, palpable qualities of the radial pulses, palpable qualities and findings on the abdomen, the complexion of the patient and so on. Both diagnostic findings and the patterns of diagnosis cannot be assumed to have objective bases or to be causally related to the complaints of the patient. However, the diagnoses of TEAM based acupuncture and herbal medicine have tended to look at pictures of the whole patient and rather than focus on a particular symptom, they have looked across a myriad of signs and symptoms to decide or identify the ＇pattern＇ of diagnosis according to the theory in question. Although open for selective and subjective biases each diagnosis pattern always comes with a prescribed treatment tailored to the pattern. Further, the same research requirements needed for the validation of the diagnoses are needed also for these clinical observations and judgments. Hence, it is necessary, albeit challenging for research on TEAM diagnoses to first address these issues before proceeding to more complex investigations such as the development of instruments for making diagnostic observations, instruments for forming diagnostic conclusions or studies investigating the physiological bases of the diagnostic patterns. Preliminary work has started and instruments have been made, but we suggest that any instrumentation must necessarily be first validated by matching of the calibrated or scaled observations or judgments to observations made and agreed upon by relevant experts. Reliability of all observations and judgments are needed before any other tool, technology or more advanced approach can pro

关键词： research diagnosis diagnostic methods pattern identification reliability traditional East Asian medical systems

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arctic Sea Ice Variations in the First Half of the 20th Century:A New Reconstruction Based on Hydrometeorological Data

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1483-1495,1686-1693页

作者： Vladimir A.SEMENOV Tatiana A.ALDONINA Fei LI Noel Sebastian KEENLYSIDE Lin WANG A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics RAS Moscow 119017Russia Institute of Geography RAS Moscow 119017Russia Geophysical Institute University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchBergen 5007Norway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center Bergen 5007Norway Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The shrinking arctic sea-ice area(SIA) in recent decades is a striking manifestation of the ongoing climate *** of the arctic sea ice have been continuously observed by satellites since 1979, relatively well monitored since the 1950s, but are highly uncertain in the earlier period due to a lack of observations. Several reconstructions of the historical gridded sea-ice concentration(SIC) data were recently presented based on synthesized regional sea-ice observations or by applying a hybrid model–empirical approach. Here, we present an SIC reconstruction for the period1901–2019 based on established co-variability between SIC and surface air temperature, sea surface temperature, and sea level pressure patterns. The reconstructed sea-ice data for March and September are compared to the frequently used Had ISST1.1 and SIBT1850 datasets. Our reconstruction shows a large decrease in SIA from the 1920 to 1940 concurrent with the Early 20th Century Warming event in the arctic. Such a negative SIA anomaly is absent in Had ISST1.1 data. The amplitude of the SIA anomaly reaches about 0.8 mln km^(2) in March and 1.5 mln km^(2) in September. The anomaly is about three times stronger than that in the SIBT1850 dataset. The larger decrease in SIA in September is largely due to the stronger SIC reduction in the western sector of the arctic Ocean in the 70°–80°N latitudinal zone. Our reconstruction provides gridded monthly data that can be used as boundary conditions for atmospheric reanalyses and model experiments to study the arctic climate for the first half of the 20th century.

关键词： arctic sea ice arctic climate early 20th century warming climate variability

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Endosymbiotic pathogen-inhibitory gut bacteria in three Indian Major Carps under polyculture system: A step toward making a probiotics consortium

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2021年第2期6卷 192-204页

作者： Koushik Ghosh Anjan Mukherjee Dipanjan Dutta Sudeshna Banerjee Eva Marie Breines Ellinor Hareide Einar Ringø Aquaculture Laboratory Department of ZoologyThe University of BurdwanBurdwan713104India Department of arctic and Marine Biology Faculty of BioscienceFisheries and EconomicsUiTThe Arctic University of NorwayBreivika9037Norway Norwegian College of Fishery Science Faculty of BiosciencesFisheries and EconomicsUiTThe Arctic University of NorwayTromsø9037Norway

The gastrointestinal(GI)microbiome in fish plays significant roles in health and disease *** investigation was accomplished to enumerate,characterize and identify the potential probiotic bacteria from three Indian Major Carps(IMCs),viz.,rohu(Labeo rohita),catla(Catla catla)and mrigal(Cirrhinus mrigala)using culture dependent ***,105 pathogen-inhibitory bacteria(out of 1216 isolates)were detected from three IMCs by double layer assay.16S rRNA partial gene sequence analyses and BLAST search in the NCBI GenBank unveiled that 94.29%of the pathogen inhibitory bacteria were bacilli(99 strains)and Bacillus licheniformis by far the most common(28%).The primarily selected 27 pathogen-inhibitory strains(cumulative inhibition score≥13)produced extracellular enzymes,while 15 of them produced all the six exo-enzymes studied(amylase,protease,lipase,cellulase,phytase and xylanase).Gut stability of the strains became apparent by their ability to grow in fish mucus and tolerance to diluted ***,14 strains were noticed asγ-hemolytic and susceptible to the commonly used ***,intra-peritoneal injection withγ-hemolytic strains did not induce any pathological signs or mortalities in fish,and thus were considered as *** 14γ-hemolytic isolates were represented by the genus Bacillus(13)and Stenotrophomonas(1),which might form probiotic consortia for prospective use in carp culture.

关键词： Carp Bacillus Stenotrophomonas Antagonism Exoenzymes 16S rRNA

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Altitude and intensity characteristics of parametric instability excited by an HF pump wave near the fifth electron harmonic

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Plasma Science and Technology 2017年第12期19卷 50-56页

作者：吴军吴健 M T RIETVELD I HAGGSTROM 赵海生许正文 National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment China Research Institute of Radio Wave PropagationBeijing 102206People's Republic of China EISCAT NO-9027 RamfjordbotnNorway uit The Arctic University of NorwayTromsoNorway EISCAT Scientific Association KirunaSweden

An ionospheric heating experiment involving an O mode pump wave was carried out at European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association site in Troms？. The observation of the ultra high frequency radar illustrates the systematic variations of the enhanced ion line and plasma line in altitude and intensity as a function of the pump frequency. The analysis shows that those altitude variations are due to the thermal effect, and the intensity variations of the enhanced ion line are dependent on whether or not the enhanced ion acoustic wave satisfy the Bragg condition of radar. Moreover, a prediction that if the enhancement in electron temperature is suppressed,those systematic variations will be absent, is given.

关键词： ionospheric heating fifth harmonic parameter instability altitude intensity

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揭示鱼鳞降低冰黏附力的奥秘

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Science China Materials 2024年第6期67卷 2016-2022页

作者：王锋刘思琪肖森波 Bjørn Skallerud 张志良何健英 Department of Structural Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)Trondheim 7491Norway Suzhou Laboratory Suzhou 215000China

近几十年来,大量的研究文献表明,研究人员一直在探究静态表面特性(包括自由能、韧性和弹性)对疏冰性的影响.然而,对于动态表面特性在辅助除冰方面的理解非常有限.在本工作中,我们重点研究了北三文鱼表皮的冰黏附强度,并且观察到了有趣... 详细信息

近几十年来,大量的研究文献表明,研究人员一直在探究静态表面特性(包括自由能、韧性和弹性)对疏冰性的影响.然而,对于动态表面特性在辅助除冰方面的理解非常有限.在本工作中,我们重点研究了北三文鱼表皮的冰黏附强度,并且观察到了有趣的各向异性的冰黏附行为.与顺着鱼鳞生长方向的冰黏附强度(353±95 kPa)相比,逆着鱼鳞生长方向的冰黏附强度(141±47 kPa)降低了60%.我们发现,鱼鳞在受到剪切力的过程中,会发生独特的结构演变,从而导致界面连续断裂,有利于降低冰的黏附性.研究发现,鱼鳞的张开和剥离能力(描述了鳞片在外力下与其下部鳞片和黏结物分离的趋势)可以调控冰的脱落.通过提高鱼鳞的张开和剥离能力,可以在鱼鳞上实现更低的冰黏附强度(66±15 kPa)和更为容易的除冰过程.由于鱼鳞具有出色的机械鲁棒性,这一发现为设计坚硬耐用的防覆冰表面提供了新的视角.

关键词： fish scale ice adhesion dynamic behaviors sequential rupture anti-icing

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Probiotics in shellfish aquaculture

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2020年第1期5卷 1-27页

作者： Einar RingΦ Norwegian College of Fishery Science Faculty of BiosciencesFisheries and EconomicsUiTThe Arctic University of NorwayTromso 9037Norway A R

The shellfish aquaculture industry has dramatically developed during the last two ***,this de-velopment has,in some cases,resulted in environmental degradation,emergence of diseases and low *** need for improving disease resistance,growth performance,feed efficiency,and safe aquatic production for human consumption has stimulated development and applications of probiotics in *** used in shellfish aquaculture include genera of Lactobacillus,Enterococcus,Bacillus,Aeromonas,Alteromonas,Arthrobacter,Bifidobacterium,Clostridium,Parnibaillus,Phaeobacter,Pseudoalteromonas,Pseudomonas,Rhodosporidium,Roseobacter,Streptomyces and *** beneficial effects of these probiotics include improved growth performance,enzymatic contribution to nutrition,inhibition of adherence and colo-nization of pathogenic bacteria in the digestive tract,modulation of the gut microbiota,and increase haema-tological parameters and immune *** present review addressed insight into the application of probiotics in shellfish aquaculture,methods of administration,mode of actions,and their enhancing effects,and discuss research gaps and issues that merit further investigations.

关键词： Probiotics Shellfish Aquaculture

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Revealing the Host-Dependent Nature of an Engineered Genetic Inverter in Concordance with Physiology

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BioDesign Research 2023年第1期5卷 106-120页

作者： Dennis Tin Chat Chan Geoff S.Baldwin Hans C.Bernstein Faculty of Biosciences Fisheries and EconomicsUiTThe Arctic University of Norway9019 TromsøNorway. Department of Life Sciences Imperial College LondonSouth KensingtonLondon SW72AZUK. Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology Imperial College LondonSouth KensingtonLondon SW72AZUK. The arctic Centre for Sustainable Energy UiTThe Arctic University of Norway9019 TromsøNorway.

Broad-host-range synthetic biology is an emerging frontier that aims to expand our current engineerable domain of microbial hosts for biodesign *** more novel species are brought to“model status,”synthetic biologists are discovering that identically engineered genetic circuits can exhibit different performances depending on the organism it operates within,an observation referred to as the“chassis effect.”It remains a major challenge to uncover which genome-encoded and biological determinants will underpin chassis effects that govern the performance of engineered genetic *** this study,we compared model and novel bacterial hosts to ask whether phylogenomic relatedness or similarity in host physiology is a better predictor of genetic circuit *** was accomplished using a comparative framework based on multivariate statistical approaches to systematically demonstrate the chassis effect and characterize the performance dynamics of a genetic inverter circuit operating within 6 *** results solidify the notion that genetic devices are strongly impacted by the host ***,we formally determined that hosts exhibiting more similar metrics of growth and molecular physiology also exhibit more similar performance of the genetic inverter,indicating that specific bacterial physiology underpins measurable chassis *** result of this study contributes to the field of broad-host-range synthetic biology by lending increased predictive power to the implementation of genetic devices in less-established microbial hosts.

关键词： inverter Engine formally

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Acupuncture Points Used in the Prophylaxis against Recurrent Uncomplicated Cystitis, Patterns Identified and Their Possible Relationship to Physiological Measurements

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2016年第7期22卷 510-517页

作者： Terje Alraek Anders Baerheim Steven Birch The National Research Center in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Department of Community Medicine Faculty of Health Science UiT The Arctic University of Norway university College of Health Sciences Institute of Acupuncture Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Department of Global Health and Primary Care University of Bergen

Objective： To explore the correlation between single acupoints used and the recurrence rate of cystitis among cystitis-prone women receiving acupuncture as a prophylactic treatment. Methods： In all, 58 cystitis-prone women were included in the analysis. Customised acupuncture treatments were given twice a week, over 4 weeks. The main effect parameter was the number of cystitis episodes during the 6-month observation time. Residual urine was measured at baseline, 2, 4 and 6 months using portable ultrasound equipment. Sympathetic and vagotone nerve activities were measured by using skin conductance and respiratory sinus arrhythmia, respectively. Results： The main acupoints used for patients with Kidney （Shen） qi/yang deficiency were Shenshu （BL23）, Taixi （KI3）, Zhongji （CV3）, Sanyinjiao （SP6） and Pangguangshu （BL2.8）, compared with Taichong （LR3）, CV3, BL28, Yinlingquan （SP9） and SP6 for Liver （Gan） qi stagnation, and SP6, CV3, BL28, Zusanli （ST36） and SP9 for Spleen （Pi） qi/yang deficiency patients. The combination BL23 and KI3 were used in 16 women, 13 of which were Kidney pattern related patients. When used, the number of symptomatic episodes were reduced to a third compared with what occurred in the 42 women where this combination was not used （3/16 vs. 28/42, P〈0.05）. BL23 application correlated to a significant reduction in residual urine measured a few days after treatment. Patients with the pattern of Spleen qi/yang deficiency had an initial increase in residual urine after treatments. Conclusion： Treating Kidney pattern related patients with the combination of BL23 and KI3 resulted in far better outcome than other points/combination of points for other Chinese medicine diagnoses. The acupoint SP6 may be less indicated than previously assumed when treating cvstitis-Drone women DroDhvlacticalIv.

关键词： acupuncture point recurrent urinary tract infection Chinese medicine pattern identification,syndrome differentiation women

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Designing Clinical Studies That Take into Account Traditional East Asian Medicine's Systems and Methods-with Focus on Pattern Identification

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2014年第5期20卷 332-335页

作者： Terje Alraek National Research Center in Complementary and Alternative Medicine NAFKAM should be in brackets i.e.(NAFKAM)Department of Community MedicineFaculty of Health ScienceUiT the Arctic University of Norway9037 TromsφNorway university College of Health Sciences CK Institute of AcupunctureOsloNorway

This article is based on two presentations held at Chinese medicine conference in Rothenburg （2013）, Germany and at the 19th Anniversary of Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine （KIOM） International Symposium of Current Research Trends in Traditional Medicine - Pattern of Identification （2013）. In designing clinical studies, it is a research question that leads to appropriate study design. However, they are mostly diagnostic procedures and techniques that are the key points to reflect the application of systems and methods in all forms of medicine - traditional East Asian medicine （TEAM） is no exception. The challenges within TEAM based on research reflect in different systems of medicine/theories such as traditional Japanese acupuncture, traditional Korean acupuncture and traditional Chinese acupuncture. This diversitv of medical svstems and methods applied in East Asia seems to have beenfruitful within the different countries and traditional medicines have found their places within the respective countries health systems. The existing diversity, from a clinician＇s point of view, may be viewed as a treasure when dealing with patients in the ＇real world＇. On the other hand, this diversity seems to challenge the scientific mind worldwide, esoeciallv when it comes to research. Hence. there is a and between clinical practice and research.

关键词： clinical trials pattern identification research clinical knowledge

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