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Cation-πinteractions regulate electrocatalytic water oxidation over iridium single atoms supported on conjugated polymers

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第6期67卷 2063-2069页

作者： Jing Bai Yunxia Liu Ziwei Ma Shouhan Zhang Guojie Chao Haiping Lin Elke Debroye Longsheng Zhang Tianxi Liu Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710072China School of Physics and Information Technology Shanxi Normal UniversityXi’an710062China Department of Chemistry KU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200FLeuven3001Belgium

Designing cost-effective and high-performing metal catalysts is significant for many renewable energy conversion *** metal loading without sacrificing activity and durability is highly desired for the catalyst design,especially for those reactions where the noble metals deliver the best catalyzing ***-atom catalysts(SACs)with maximal metalatom utilization,homogeneous and tailorable active sites have emerged as promising catalyst candidates,where the local coordination structures of the metal atoms in SACs largely determine the reaction *** design strategies of constructing strong metal-support interactions can stabilize the individual metal atoms in SACs,but present obstacles to provide a flexible manipulation platform for elaborately tailoring the coordination structures to achieve performance optimization towards a specifically targeted ***,for the proof-of-concept study,we report a novel design of SAC with iridium(Ir)single atoms supported on conjugated polymer,in which the adsorption energies of reaction intermediates on Ir atoms and the reaction kinetics towards acidic water oxidation can be readily optimized through modulating the formed cation-πinteractions that can be tailored by adjusting the molecular structures of conjugated *** strategy establishes a general route to develop targeted SACs for various catalytic reactions.

关键词： conjugated polymers single-atom catalysts cation-πinteractions oxygen evolution reaction

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Prediction of solar activities:Sunspot numbers and solar magnetic synoptic maps

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2460-2477页

作者： Rui ZHUO Jiansen HE Die DUAN Rong LIN Ziqi WU Limei YAN Yong WEI School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100091China College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Centre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics Department of MathematicsKU LeuvenLeuven 3001Belgium Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The evolution of solar magnetic fields is significant for understanding and predicting solar *** our knowledge of solar magnetic fields largely depends on the photospheric magnetic *** this paper,based on the spherical harmonic expansion of the photospheric magnetic field observed by Wilcox Solar Observatory,we analyze the time series of spherical harmonic coefficients and predict Sunspot Number as well as synoptic maps for Solar Cycle *** find that solar maximum years have complex short-period disturbances,and the time series of coefficient g_(7)~0 is nearly in-phase with Sunspot Number,which may be related to solar meridional *** Long Short-Term Memory networks(LSTM),our prediction suggests that the maximum of Solar Cycle 25 is likely to occur in June 2024 with an error of 8 months,the peak sunspot number may be 166.9±22.6,and the next solar minimum may occur around January *** incorporating Empirical Mode Decomposition,we enhance our forecast of synoptic maps truncated to Order 5,validating their relative *** prediction not only addresses a gap in forecasting the global distribution of the solar magnetic field but also holds potential reference value for forthcoming solar observation plans.

关键词： Solar activity prediction Solar magnetic field Spherical harmonic expansion Long-Short Term Memory(LSTM) Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD)

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Near-zero stiffness accelerometer with buckling of tunable electrothermal microbeams

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 67-81页

作者： Hussein Hussein Chen Wang Rui Amendoeira Esteves Michael Kraft Hossein Fariborzi Department of Mechanical Engineering MSFEAAmerican University of BeirutBeirut11072020Lebanon King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia ESAT-MNS University of Leuven3001LeuvenBelgium

Pre-shaped microbeams,curved or inclined,are widely used in MEMS for their interesting stiffness *** mechanisms allow a wide range of positive and negative stiffness tuning in their direction of motion.A mechanism of pre-shaped beams with opposite curvature,connected in a parallel configuration,can be electrothermally tuned to reach a near-zero or negative stiffness behavior at the as-fabricated *** simple structure helps incorporate the tunable spring mechanism in different designs for accelerometers,even with different transduction *** sensitivity of the accelerometer can be considerably increased or tuned for different applications by electrothermally changing the stiffness of the spring *** inclined beams are implemented in a capacitive micromachined *** measurements on fabricated prototypes showed more than 55 times gain in sensitivity compared to their initial *** experiments showed promising results in enhancing the resolution of acceleration sensing and the potential to reach unprecedent performance in micromachined accelerometers.

关键词： properties. mechanism. stiffness

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Model Agnostic Meta-Learning(MAML)-Based Ensemble Model for Accurate Detection of Wheat Diseases Using Vision Transformer and Graph Neural Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2795-2811页

作者： Yasir Maqsood Syed Muhammad Usman Musaed Alhussein Khursheed Aurangzeb Shehzad Khalid Muhammad Zubair Department of Creative Technologies Faculty of Computing and Artificial IntelligenceAir UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering Bahria School of Engineering and Applied SciencesBahria UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Laboratory for Neuro&Psychophysiology KU LeuvenLeuven3000Belgium

Wheat is a critical crop,extensively consumed worldwide,and its production enhancement is essential to meet escalating *** presence of diseases like stem rust,leaf rust,yellow rust,and tan spot significantly diminishes wheat yield,making the early and precise identification of these diseases vital for effective disease *** advancements in deep learning algorithms,researchers have proposed many methods for the automated detection of disease pathogens;however,accurately detectingmultiple disease pathogens simultaneously remains a *** challenge arises due to the scarcity of RGB images for multiple diseases,class imbalance in existing public datasets,and the difficulty in extracting features that discriminate between multiple classes of disease *** this research,a novel method is proposed based on Transfer Generative Adversarial Networks for augmenting existing data,thereby overcoming the problems of class imbalance and data *** study proposes a customized architecture of Vision Transformers(ViT),where the feature vector is obtained by concatenating features extracted from the custom ViT and Graph Neural *** paper also proposes a Model AgnosticMeta Learning(MAML)based ensemble classifier for accurate *** proposedmodel,validated on public datasets for wheat disease pathogen classification,achieved a test accuracy of 99.20%and an F1-score of 97.95%.Compared with existing state-of-the-art methods,this proposed model outperforms in terms of accuracy,F1-score,and the number of disease pathogens *** future,more diseases can be included for detection along with some other modalities like pests and weed.

关键词： Wheat disease detection deep learning vision transformer graph neural network model agnostic meta learning

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Two-photon live imaging of direct glia-to-neuron conversion in the mouse cortex

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1781-1788页

作者： Zongqin Xiang Shu He Rongjie Chen Shanggong Liu Minhui Liu Liang Xu Jiajun Zheng Zhouquan Jiang Long Ma Ying Sun Yongpeng Qin Yi Chen Wen Li Xiangyu Wang Gong Chen Wenliang Lei Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Institute of CNS Regeneration(GHMICR) Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated HospitalJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Laboratory for Neuroimmunology in Health and Diseases Guangzhou First People’s HospitalSchool of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina VIB-ku leuven Center for Brain&Disease Research LeuvenFlemish RegionBelgium

Over the past decade,a growing number of studies have reported transcription factor-based in situ reprogramming that can directly conve rt endogenous glial cells into functional neurons as an alternative approach for n euro regeneration in the adult mammalian central ne rvous *** r,many questions remain regarding how a terminally differentiated glial cell can transform into a delicate neuron that forms part of the intricate brain *** addition,concerns have recently been raised around the absence of astrocyte-to-neuron conversion in astrocytic lineage-tra cing *** this study,we employed repetitive two-photon imaging to continuously capture the in situ astrocyte-to-neuron conversion process following ecto pic expression of the neural transcription factor NeuroD1 in both prolife rating reactive astrocytes and lineage-tra ced astrocytes in the mouse ***-lapse imaging over several wee ks revealed the ste p-by-step transition from a typical astrocyte with numero us short,tapered branches to a typical neuro n with a few long neurites and dynamic growth cones that actively explored the local *** addition,these lineage-converting cells were able to migrate ra dially or to ngentially to relocate to suitable ***,two-photon Ca2+imaging and patch-clamp recordings confirmed that the newly generated neuro ns exhibited synchronous calcium signals,repetitive action potentials,and spontaneous synaptic responses,suggesting that they had made functional synaptic connections within local neural *** conclusion,we directly visualized the step-by-step lineage conversion process from astrocytes to functional neurons in vivo and unambiguously demonstrated that adult mammalian brains are highly plastic with respect to their potential for neuro regeneration and neural circuit reconstruction.

关键词： astrocyte-to-neuron conversion Ca2+imaging direct lineage conversion glia astrocyte in vivo reprogramming lineage-tracing mice NeuroD1 neuron two-photon imaging

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High-throughput discovery of highly selective reversible hMAO-B inhibitors based on at-line nanofractionation

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第4期14卷 1772-1786页

作者： Yu Fan Jincai Wang Jingyi Jian Yalei Wen Jiahao Li Hao Tian Jacques Crommen Wei Bi Tingting Zhang Zhengjin Jiang Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education(MOE)of China/College of Pharmacy Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China ku leuven-University of leuven Pharmaceutical AnalysisDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesLeuven 3000Belgium Laboratory of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCIRMUniversity of LiegeLiege B-4000Belgium Department of Neurology the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University/Clinical Neuroscience Institutethe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510630China

Human monoamine oxidase B(hMAO-B)has emerged as a pivotal therapeutic target for Parkinson's *** to adverse effects and shortage of commercial drugs,there is a need for novel,highly selective,and reversible hMAO-B inhibitors with good blood-brain barrier *** this study,a high-throughput at-line nanofractionation screening platform was established with extracts from Chuanxiong Rhizoma,which resulted in the discovery of 75 active compounds,including phenolic acids,volatile oils,and phthalides,two of which were highly selective novel natural phthalide hMAO-B inhibitors that were potent,selective,reversible and had good blood‒brain *** docking and molecular dynamics simulations elucidated the inhibition ***(IC_(50)=103 nmol/L;SI=645)and neocnidilide(IC_(50)=131 nmol/L;SI=207)demonstrated their excellent potential as hMAO-B *** offset the limitations of deactivating enzymes associated with irreversible hMAO-B inhibitors such as *** SH-SY5Y cell assays,sedanolide(EC_(50)=0.962μmol/L)and neocnidilide(EC_(50)=1.161μmol/L)exhibited significant neuroprotective effects,comparable to the positive drugs rasagiline(EC_(50)=0.896μmol/L)and safinamide(EC_(50)=1.079μmol/L).These findings underscore the potential of sedanolide as a novel natural hMAO-B inhibitor that warrants further development as a promising drug candidate.

关键词： Human monoamine oxidase B inhibitors High-throughput screening At-linenanofractionation Parkinson's disease Cellular neuroprotection Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)

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Effect of solution treatment on the microstructure,phase transformation behavior and functional properties of NiTiNb ternary shape memory alloys fabricated via laser powder bed fusion in-situ alloying

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第4期6卷 202-223页

作者： Rui Xi Hao Jiang Guichuan Li Zhihui Zhang Huiliang Wei Guoqun Zhao Jan Van Humbeeck Xiebin Wang Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials(Ministry of Education) Shandong UniversityJingshi Road 17923Jinan 250061People's Republic of China Department of Materials Engineering University of Leuven(KU Leuven)Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 bus 2450Heverlee B3001Belgium Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering(Ministry of Education) Jilin UniversityRenmin Street 5988Changchun 130025People's Republic of China School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyXiaolingwei Street 200Nanjing 210094People's Republic of China

Post-heat treatment is commonly employed to improve the microstructural homogeneity and enhance the mechanical performances of the additively manufactured metallic *** this work,a ternary(NiTi)91Nb9(at.%)shape memory alloy was produced by laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF)using pre-alloyed NiTi and elemental Nb *** effect of solution treatment on the microstructure,phase transformation behavior and mechanical/functional performances was *** in-situ alloyed(NiTi)91Nb9 alloy exhibits a submicron cellular-dendritic structure surrounding the supersaturated B2-NiTi *** high-temperature(1273 K)solution treatment,Nb-rich precipitates were precipitated from the supersaturated *** fragmentation and spheroidization of the NiTi/Nb eutectics occurred during solution treatment,leading to a morphological transition from mesh-like into rod-like and *** of theβ-Nb phases occurred with increasing holding *** martensite transformation temperature increases after solution treatment,mainly attributed to:(i)reduced lattice distortion due to the Nb expulsion from the supersaturated B2-NiTi,and(ii)the Ti expulsion from theβ-Nb phases that lowers the ratio Ni/Ti in the B2-NiTi matrix,which resulted from the microstructure changes from non-equilibrium to equilibrium *** thermal hysteresis of the solutionized alloys is around 145 K after 20%pre-deformation,which is comparable to the conventional NiTiNb alloys.A short-term solution treatment(*** 1273 K for 30 min)enhances the ductility and strength of the as-printed specimen,with the increase of fracture stress from(613±19)MPa to(781±20)MPa and the increase of fracture strain from(7.6±0.1)%to(9.5±0.4)%.Both the as-printed and solutionized samples exhibit good tensile shape memory effects with recovery rates>90%.This work suggests that post-process heat treatment is essential to optimize the microstructure and improve the mechanical performances of the L-PBF in-situ allo

关键词： shape memory alloy NiTiNb laser powder bed fusion in-situ alloying heat treatment

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The Maxwell-Heaviside Equations Explained by the Theory of Informatons

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第3期10卷 1003-1016页

作者： Antoine Acke Retired Professor Kaho Sint-Lieven Now KU Leuven Faculty of Engineering Technology Ghent Campus Belgium

In the articles “Newtons Law of Universal Gravitation Explained by the Theory of Informatons” and “The Gravitational Interaction between Moving Mass Particles Explained by the Theory of Informatons” the gravitational interaction has been explained by the hypothesis that information carried by informatons is the substance of gravitational fields, i.e. the medium that the interaction in question makes possible. From the idea that “information carried by informatons” is its substance, it has been deduced that—on the macroscopic level—a gravitational field manifests itself as a dual entity, always having a field- and an induction component (Egand Bg) simultaneously created by their common sources. In this article we will mathematically deduce the Maxwell-Heaviside equations from the kinematics of the informatons. These relations describe on the macroscopic level how a gravitational field (Eg, Bg) is generated by whether or not moving masses and how spatial and temporal changes of Egand Bgare related. We show that there is no causal link between Egand Bg.

关键词： Gravity Gravitational Field Maxwell Equations Informatons

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The Gravitational Interaction between Moving Mass Particles Explained by the Theory of Informatons

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第3期10卷 986-1002页

作者： Antoine Acke Retired Professor Kaho Sint-Lieven Now Faculty of Engineering Technology KU Leuven Ghent Campus Gent Belgium

In the article “Newtons Law of Universal Gravitation Explained by the Theory of Informatons” the gravitational interaction between mass particles at rest has been explained by the hypothesis that g-information carried by informatons is the substance of the medium that the interaction in question makes possible. It has been showed that, on the macroscopic level, that medium—the “gravitational field”—manifests itself as the vector field Eg. In this article we will deduce from the postulate of the emission of informatons, that the informatons emitted by a moving mass particle carry not only information about the position (g-information) but also about the velocity (“β-information”) of their emitter. It follows that the gravitational field of a moving mass particle is a dual entity always having a field- and an induction-component (Egand Bg) simultaneously created by their common sources: time-variable masses and mass flows and that the gravitational interaction is the effect of the fact that an object in a gravitational field always tends to become “blind” for that field by accelerating according to a Lorentz-like law.

关键词： Gravity Gravitational Field Gravitational Interaction Informatons

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Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation Explained by the Theory of Informatons

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第3期10卷 918-929页

作者： Antoine Acke Retired Professor Kaho Sint-Lieven Now Faculty of Engineering Technology KU Leuven Ghent Campus Gent Belgium

In the context of classical physics, Newton’s law of universal gravitation describes the attraction between two mass particles separated in space. In the same context a vector field Eg, that is not associated with anything substantial, has been introduced as the entity that mediates in the gravitational interactions. In this article, we will show that Egis the mathematical quantity that—at the macroscopic level—fully characterizes the medium that makes the interaction between particles at rest possible. We identify that medium as “the gravitational field”. To define the nature of the gravitational field, we will start from the hypothesis that a material object manifests itself in space by the emission—at a rate proportional to its rest mass—of mass and energy less granular entities that—relative to an inertial reference frame—are rushing away with the speed of light and that are carriers of information referring to the position of their emitter (“g-information”). Because they transport nothing else than information, we call these entities “informatons”. We will show that the expanding cloud of g-information created by the continuous emission of informatons by a mass particle at rest can be fully characterized by the vector field Eg, which implies that that cloud can be identified as the gravitational field of the particle. We will also show that the gravitational interaction between mass particles can be explained as the response of a particle to the disturbance of the symmetry of its “proper” gravitational field by the field that, in its direct vicinity, is created and maintained by other mass particles.

关键词： Gravity Gravitational Field Gravitational Interaction Informatons

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