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Assessing the Storage Root Development of Cassava with a New Analysis Tool

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Plant Phenomics 2022年第1期4卷 43-57页

作者： Jens Wilhelm Tobias Wojciechowski Johannes A.Postma Dirk Jollet Kathrin Heinz Vera Bockem Mark Muller-Linow Institute of Plant Sciences IBG-2Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH52425 JulichGermany Tesla Automation gmbh 54595 PrumGermany

Storage roots of cassava plants crops are one of the main providers of starch in many South American,African,and Asian *** varieties with high yields is crucial for growing and *** requires a better understanding of the dynamics of storage root formation,which is usually done by repeated manual evaluation of root types,diameters,and their distribution in excavated *** introduce a newly developed method that is capable to analyze the distribution of root diameters automatically,even if root systems display strong variations in root widths and clustering in high *** application study was conducted with cassava roots imaged in a video acquisition *** root diameter distribution was quantified automatically using an iterative ridge detection approach,which can cope with a wide span of root diameters and *** approach was validated with virtual root models of known geometries and then tested with a time-series of excavated root *** on the retrieved diameter classes,we show plausibly that the dynamics of root type formation can be monitored qualitatively and *** conclude that this new method reliably determines important phenotypic traits from storage root crop *** method is fast and robustly analyses complex root systems and thereby applicable in high-throughput phenotyping and future breeding.

关键词： crops roots Storage

Application of a simplified ADM1 for full-scale anaerobic co-digestion of cattle slurry and grass silage:assessment of input variability

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 125-139页

作者： Sofia Tisocco Sören Weinrich Gary Lyons Michael Wills Xinmin Zhan Paul Crosson Civil Engineering College of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation CentreDunsanyC15 PW93Ireland Biochemical Conversion Department Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbHLeipzig 04347Germany Faculty of Energy·Building Services·Environmental Engineering Münster University of Applied SciencesSteinfurt 48565Germany Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute HillsboroughBT266DRUK Ryan Institute University of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland MaREI Research Centre for Energy Climate and MarineRyan InstituteUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

Mathematical modeling of anaerobic digestion is a powerful tool to predict gas yields and optimize the *** Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1(ADM1)is a widely implemented model for this ***,modeling full-scale biogas plants is challenging due to the extensive substrate and parameter characterization *** study describes the modification of the ADM1 through a simplification of individual process phases,characteristic components and required ***,the ability of the simplified model to simulate the co-digestion of grass silage and cattle slurry was evaluated using data from a full-scale biogas *** impacts of substrate composition(crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration)and variability of carbohydrate degradability on simulation results were assessed to identify the most influential *** indicated that the simplified version was able to depict biogas and biomethane production with average model efficiencies,according to the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE)coefficient,of 0.70 and 0.67,respectively,and was comparable to the original ADM1(average model efficiencies of 0.71 and 0.63,respectively).The variability of crude carbohydrate,protein and lipid concentration did not significantly impact biogas and biomethane output for the data sets *** contrast,carbohydrate degradability seemed to explain much more of the variability in the biogas and methane ***,the application of simplified models provides a reliable basis for the process simulation and optimization of full-scale agricultural biogas plants.

关键词： ADM1 Agricultural feedstocks Biogas technology Input variability Parameter estimation

Collisionless shock acceleration of protons in a plasma slab produced in a gas jet by the collision of two laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 12-25页

作者： J.-R.Marquès L.Lancia P.Loiseau P.Forestier-Colleoni M.Tarisien E.Atukpor V.Bagnoud C.Brabetz F.Consoli J.Domange F.Hannachi P.Nicolaï M.Salvadori B.Zielbauer LULI CNRSÉcole PolytechniqueCEASorbonne UniversitéInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance CEA DAMDIF91297 Arpajon CedexFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance CENBG CNRS-IN2P3Universitéde Bordeaux33175 Gradignan CedexFrance GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung gmbh Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany University of Darmstadt Schloßgartenstr.764289 DarmstadtGermany ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety Department C.R.FrascatiVia Enrico Fermi 45FrascatiRomeItaly CELIA Universitéde Bordeaux–CNRS–CEA33405 TalenceFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay CEALIDYL91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

We have recently proposed a new technique of plasma tailoring by laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves generated on both sides of a gas jet[Marquès et al.,*** 28,023103(2021)].In a continuation of this numerical work,we study experimentally the influence of the tailoring on proton acceleration driven by a high-intensity picosecond laser in three cases:without tailoring,by tailoring only the entrance side of the picosecond laser,and by tailoring both sides of the gas *** tailoring,the acceleration is transverse to the laser axis,with a low-energy exponential spectrum,produced by Coulomb *** the front side of the gas jet is tailored,a forward acceleration appears,which is significantly enhanced when both the front and back sides of the plasma are *** forward acceleration produces higher-energy protons,with a peaked spectrum,and is in good agreement with the mechanism of collisionless shock acceleration(CSA).The spatiotemporal evolution of the plasma profile is characterized by optical shadowgraphy of a probe *** refraction and absorption of this beam are simulated by post-processing 3D hydrodynamic simulations of the plasma *** with the experimental results allows estimation of the thickness and near-critical density of the plasma slab produced by tailoring both sides of the gas *** parameters are in good agreement with those required for CSA.

关键词： acceleration hydrodynamic collision

Comprehensive review of tribometer dynamics-Cycle-based data analysis and visualization

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Friction 2022年第5期10卷 772-786页

作者： Josef PROST Guido BOIDI Thomas LEBERSORGER Markus VARGA Georg VORLAUFER AC2Tresearch gmbh Wiener Neustadt 2700Austria

Tribologists often rely on triboexperiments to investigate factors that affect a *** inherent dynamic behavior of the respective tribometer setups and its effect on data interpretation remain often *** this study,a comprehensive analysis of sensor data obtained from lubricated and dry triboexperiments is *** are generated on a pin-on-disc test rig with a silicon nitride ball on a steel disc contact with a rotation frequency of~3 ***-speed acquisition of sensor data up to 5 kHz is performed to resolve changes in the data within individual *** characteristic frequencies of the system and their temporal evolution are determined via time--frequency analysis,which reveals periodic patterns in the sensor ***-based data evaluation allows the detection of localized events and changes during an operation and considerably reduces the apparent measurement uncertainty,as compared with an unreduced *** data analysis and visualization routines presented herein may serve as a prototype for further application to tribometer setups.

关键词： high-speed data acquisition time-frequency analysis(TFA) cycle-resolved analysis pin-on-disc tribometer

3D U-Net Segmentation Improves Root System Reconstruction from 3D MRI Images in Automated and Manual Virtual Reality Work Flows

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第3期5卷 598-611页

作者： Tobias Selzner Jannis Horn Magdalena Landl Andreas Pohlmeier Dirk Helmrich Katrin Huber Jan Vanderborght Harry Vereecken Sven Behnke Andrea Schnepf Forschungszentrum Juelich gmbh Agrosphere(IBG-3)JuelichGermany Autonomous Intelligence Systems Group University of BonnBonnGermany Forschungszentrum Juelich gmbh Juelich Supercomputing CenterJuelichGermany

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is used to image root systems grown in opaque ***,reconstruction of root system architecture(RSA)from 3-dimensional(3D)MRI images is *** resolution and poor contrast-to-noise ratios(CNRs)hinder automated ***,manual reconstruction is still widely ***,we evaluate a novel 2-step work flow for automated RSA *** the first step,a 3D U-Net segments MRI images into root and soil in *** the second step,an automated tracing algorithm reconstructs the root systems from the segmented *** evaluated the merits of both steps for an MRI dataset of 8 lupine root systems,by comparing the automated reconstructions to manual reconstructions of unaltered and segmented MRI images derived with a novel virtual reality *** found that the U-Net segmentation offers profound benefits in manual reconstruction:reconstruction speed was doubled(+97%)for images with low CNR and increased by 27%for images with high *** root lengths were increased by 20%and 3%,***,we propose to use U-Net segmentation as a principal image preprocessing step in manual work *** root length derived by the tracing algorithm was lower than in both manual reconstruction methods,but segmentation allowed automated processing of otherwise not readily usable MRI ***,model-based functional root traits revealed similar hydraulic behavior of automated and manual *** studies will aim to establish a hybrid work flow that utilizes automated reconstructions as scaffolds that can be manually corrected.

关键词： Root utilize otherwise

Enabling Canonical Analysis Workflows Documented Data Harmonization on Global AirQuality Data

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Data Intelligence 2022年第2期4卷 259-270页

作者： Sabine Schroder Eleonora Epp Amirpasha Mozaffari Mathilde Romberg Niklas Selke Martin G.Schultz Forschungszentrum Julich gmbh 52425 JulichGermany

Data harmonization and documentation of the data processing are essential prerequisites for enabling Canonical Analysis *** recently revised Terabyte-scale air quality database system,which the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report(TOAR)created,contains one of the world's largest collections of near-surface air quality measurements and considers FAIR data principles as an integral part.A special feature of our data service is the on-demand processing and product generation of several air quality metrics directly from the underlying *** this paper,we show that the necessary data harmonization for establishing such online analysis services goes much deeper than the obvious issues of common data formats,variable names,and measurement units,and we explore how the generation of FAIR Digital Objects(FDO)in combination with automatically generateddocumentation may support Canonical Analysis Workflows for airquality and related data.

关键词： FAIR CWFR FDO Data Harmonization TOAR

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Evidence for distortion-induced local electric polarization in α-RuCl3

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第9期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 169-177页

作者： Xinrun Mi De Hou Xiao Wang Sabreen Hammouda Caixing Liu Zijian Xiong Han Li Yan Liu Guiwen Wang Aifeng Wang Yisheng Chai Yang Qi Wei Li Xiaoyuan Zhou Yixi Su D.I.Khomskii Mingquan He Zhigao Sheng Young Sun College of Physics Center of Quantum Materials and DevicesChongqing University Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions High Magnetic Field LaboratoryHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceAnhuiChinese Academy of Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Jülich Centre for Neutron Scienceat Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum(JCNS-MLZ) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH School of Physics Beihang University Analytical and Testing Center Chongqing University State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Department of PhysicsFudan University CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Ⅱ.Physikalisches Institut Universit?t zu K?ln

The spin-orbit assisted Mott insulator α-RuCl3is a prime candidate for material realization of the Kitaev quantum spin *** little attention has been paid to charge degrees of freedom, charge effects, such as electric polarization, may arise in this system. Here, we report distortion-induced local electric polarization in α-RuCl3as evidenced by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,second harmonic generation（SHG） and dielectric measurements. The SHG signal appears at room temperature and develops substantially in the Kitaev paramagnetic state when short-range spin correlations come into play. Despite sizable pyroelectric currents in the Kitaev paramagnetic state, the absence of hysteresis in the polarization-electric field（P-E） points to the shortrange nature of electric polarization. This localized electric polarization is likely the result of distortion-induced charge dimerization, achieved through virtual hopping-induced charge redistribution. In addition, the electric polarization is boosted by short-range spin correlations via spin-phonon coupling in the Kitaev paramagnetic state. Our results emphasize the importance of charge degrees of freedom in α-RuCl3, which establish a novel platform to investigate charge effects in Kitaev materials.

关键词： Mott insulator Kitaev quantum spin liquid electric polarization

The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)on the SMILE Mission

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 5-14页

作者： S.Sembay A.L.Alme D.Agnolon T.Arnold A.Beardmore A.Belén Balado Margeli C.Bicknell C.Bouldin G.Branduardi-Raymont T.Crawford J.P.Breuer T.Buggey G.Butcher R.Canchal J.A.Carter A.Cheney Y.Collado-Vega H.Connor T.Crawford N.Eaton C.Feldman C.Forsyth T.Frantzen G.Galgóczi J.Garcia G.Y.Genov C.Gordillo H-P.Gröbelbauer M.Guedel Y.Guo M.Hailey D.Hall R.Hampson J.Hasiba O.Hetherington A.Holland S-Y.Hsieh M.W.J.Hubbard H.Jeszenszky M.Jones T.Kennedy K.Koch-Mehrin S.Kögl S.Krucker K.D.Kuntz C.Lakin G.Laky O.Lylund A.Martindale J.Miguel Mas Hesse R.Nakamura K.Oksavik N.Østgaard H.Ottacher R.Ottensamer C.Pagani S.Parsons P.Patel J.Pearson G.Peikert F.S.Porter T.Pouliantis B.H.Qureshi W.Raab G.Randal A.M.Read N.M.M.Roque M.E.Rostad C.Runciman S.Sachdev A.Samsonov M.Soman D.Sibeck S.Smit J.Søndergaard R.Speight S.Stavland M.Steller TianRan Sun J.Thornhill W.Thomas K.Ullaland B.Walsh D.Walton C.Wang S.Yang School of Physics and Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Space Park Leicester University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonDorkingRH56NTUK Centre for Electronic Imaging Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76 AAUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and TechnologyUniv.of BergenN-5007 BergenNorway University of Vienna A-1010 ViennaAustria Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesA-8042 GrazAustria National Institute of Aerospace Technology MadridSpain ESTEC European Space Agency2201 AZ NoordwijkNetherlands State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CentreBeijing 100190China University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland CH-5210 WindischSwitzerland Koegl Space gmbh CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Space Acoustics gmbh CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Zurich University of Applied Sciences 8400 WinterhurSwitzerland Genov Solutions N-5172 LoddefjordNorway STM Engineering N-5165 LaksevagNorway John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory MD 20723USA NASA/Goddard Space Flight Centre MD 20771USA Center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Masaryk University60177 BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Physics E¨otvo¨s Lor´and University1053 BudapestHungary Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100045China Centro de Astrobiologia(CAB) CSIC-INTAMadridSpain

The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)is part of the scientific payload of the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)*** is a joint science mission between the European Space Agency(ESA)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and is due for launch in *** is a compact X-ray telescope with a wide field-of-view(FOV)capable of encompassing large portions of Earth’s magnetosphere from the vantage point of the SMILE *** is sensitive to the soft X-rays produced by the Solar Wind Charge eXchange(SWCX)process produced when heavy ions of solar wind origin interact with neutral particles in Earth’s *** provides a mechanism for boundary detection within the magnetosphere,such as the position of Earth’s magnetopause,because the solar wind heavy ions have a very low density in regions of closed magnetic field *** sensitivity of the SXI is such that it can potentially track movements of the magnetopause on timescales of a few minutes and the orbit of SMILE will enable such movements to be tracked for segments lasting many *** is led by the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom(UK)with collaborating organisations on hardware,software and science support within the UK,Europe,China and the United States.

关键词： Soft X-ray Imaging micropore optics large area CCD

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创纪录的低成本和可持续性:igus新型回转环轴承

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农业机械 2024年第2期 34-34页

igus的iglidur PRT回转环轴承系列现新推出一款极简设计的经济型回转环轴承——PRT-05-15-PC,它性价比高、结构紧凑、自重轻且即装即用。同时,这款新轴承不仅价格实惠,还非常环保。它由含量高达97%的高性能工程塑料再生颗粒制成。从包... 详细信息

igus的iglidur PRT回转环轴承系列现新推出一款极简设计的经济型回转环轴承——PRT-05-15-PC,它性价比高、结构紧凑、自重轻且即装即用。同时,这款新轴承不仅价格实惠,还非常环保。它由含量高达97%的高性能工程塑料再生颗粒制成。从包装机到装配线再到手术台,回转环轴承被广泛应用于各种绕定轴旋转的运动应用中。但是,对于家具或显示器等设备中常见的低负载轴承点来说,普通的回转环轴承通常尺寸太大且价格过高。

关键词：高性能工程塑料可持续性装配线手术台性价比高 PRT 轴承系列经济型

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