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Long-term simulation of growth stage-based irrigation scheduling in maize under various water constraints in Colorado, USA

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Frontiers of agricultural Science and engineering 2017年第2期4卷 172-184页

作者： Quanxiao FANG Liwang MA Lajpat Rai AHUJA Thomas James TROUT Robert Wayne MALONE Huihui ZHANG Dongwei GUI Qiang YU Agronomy College Qingdao Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F University usda-ars Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit usda-ars Agricultural Water Management and Systems Research Unit usda-ars National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences

Due to varying crop responses to water stress at different growth stages, scheduling irrigation is a challenge for farmers, especially when water availability varies on a monthly, seasonal and yearly basis. The objective of this study was to optimize irrigation between the vegetative(V) and reproductive(R) phases of maize under different available water levels in Colorado. Longterm(1992–2013) scenarios simulated with the calibrated Root Zone Water Quality Model were designed to meet40%–100% of crop evapotranspiration(ET) requirements at V and R phases, subject to seasonal water availabilities(300, 400, 500 mm, and no water limit), with and without monthly limits(total of 112 scenarios). The most suitable irrigation between V and R phases of maize was identified as 60/100, 80/100, and 100/100 of crop ET requirement for the 300, 400, 500 mm water available, respectively, based on the simulations from 1992 to 2013. When a monthly water limit was imposed, the corresponding suitable irrigation targets between V and R stages were 60/100,100/100, and 100/100 of crop ET requirement for the above three seasonal water availabilities, *** targets for producing higher crop yield with reduced risk of poor yield were discussed for projected five-year water availabilities.

关键词： RZWQM ET-based irrigation schedule maize water constrains

Difference in volatile profile between pericarp tissue and locular gel in tomato fruit

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第12期15卷 2911-2920页

作者： WANG Li-bin Jinhe Bai YU Zhi-fang College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P.R. China U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory Agricultural Research Service (ARS) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Ft. Pierce 34945 USA

Aroma, a complex mixture of volatile compounds, plays an important role in the perception and acceptability of tomato products by consumers. Numerous studies have reported volatile profiles in tomatoes based on measurement of the whole fruit or pericarp tissue, however, little is understood regarding the volatile compositions in the inner tissues. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in volatile profile between pericarp tissue and Iocular gel in tomato fruit. Based on HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis, totally 42 volatile compounds were detected in FL 47 and Tasti-Lee tomato fruits. Regardless of cultivars, a substantial higher concentration of total volatile compounds was observed in pericarp than that in/ocular gel, associated with higher levels of aldehydes, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen compounds. Pericarp tissue possessed higher levels of cis-3-hexenal, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, cymene, terpinolene, undecane, dodecane, 2-phenylethanol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 1-nitro-pentane, and 1-nitro-2-phenylethane, while the abundances of 2-methylpropanal, butanal, 2-methylbutanal, 2-methyl-2-butenal, 2-methylpropanol, 3-methylbutanol, 2-methylbutanol, and 2-butanone were higher in Iocular gel. Principal component analysis （PCA） and cluster analysis using GC-MS and electronic nose （E-nose） data discriminated the two tissues.

关键词： Solanum lycopersicum tomato fruit volatile profile pericarp Iocular gel

Discovery and genome-guided mapping of REN12 from Vitis amurensis, conferring strong, rapid resistance to grapevine powdery mildew

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Horticulture Research 2023年第5期10卷 139-149页

作者： Surya Sapkota Cheng Zou Craig Ledbetter Anna Underhill Qi Sun David Gadoury Lance Cadle-Davidson School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell AgriTechCornell UniversityGenevaNY14456USA BRC Bioinformatics Facility Institute of BiotechnologyCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA United States Department of Agriculture(usda)-agricultural Research Service(ars) Crop DiseasesPests and Genetics Research UnitSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences CenterParlierCA93648USA usda-ars Grape Genetics Research UnitGenevaNY14456USA

Powdery mildew resistance genes restrict infection attempts at different stages of ***,a strong and rapid powdery mildew resistance phenotype was discovered from Vitis amurensis‘PI 588631’that rapidly stopped over 97%of Erysiphe necator conidia,before or immediately after emergence of a secondary hypha from *** resistance was effective across multiple years of vineyard evaluation on leaves,stems,rachises,and fruit and against a diverse array of *** laboratory *** core genome rhAmpSeq markers,resistance mapped to a single dominant locus(here named REN12)on chromosome 13 near 22.8–27.0 Mb,irrespective of tissue type,explaining up to 86.9%of the phenotypic variation observed on *** sequencing of recombinant vines using skim-seq technology enabled the locus to be further resolved to a 780 kb region,from 25.15 to 25.93 *** analysis indicated the allele-specific expression of four resistance genes(NLRs)from the resistant ***12 is one of the strongest powdery mildew resistance loci in grapevine yet documented,and the rhAmpSeq sequences presented here can be directly used for marker-assisted selection or converted to other genotyping *** no virulent isolates were identified among the genetically diverse isolates and wild populations of *** tested here,NLR loci like REN12 are often ***,stacking of multiple resistance genes and minimal use of fungicides should enhance the durability of resistance and could enable a 90%reduction in fungicides in low-rainfall climates where few other pathogens attack the foliage or fruit.

关键词： Vitis resistance durability

The role of aluminum sensing and signaling in plant aluminum resistance

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第3期56卷 221-230页

作者： Jiping Liu Miguel A.Piros Leon V.Kochian usda‐ars Robert W.Holley Center for Agriculture and Health Tower Road Cornell University

As researchers have gained a better understanding in recent years into the physiological, molecular, and genetic basis of how plants deal with aluminum （AI） toxicity in acid soils prevalent in the tropics and sub-tropics, it has become clear that an important component of these responses is the triggering and regulation of cellular pathways and processes by AI. In this review of plant AI signaling, we begin by summarizing the understanding of physiological mechanisms of AI resistance, which first led researchers to realize that AI stress induces gene expression and modifies protein function during the activation of AI resistance responses. Subsequently, an overview of AI resistance genes and their function provides verification that AI induction of gene expression plays a major role in AI resistance in many plant species. More recent research into the mechanistic basis for Al-induced transcrip- tional activation of resistance genes has led to the identifica- tion of several transcription factors as well as cis-elements in the promoters of AI resistance genes that play a role in greater Al-induced gene expression as well as higher constitutive expression of resistance genes in some plant species. Finally, the post-transcriptional and translational regulation of AI resistance proteins is addressed, where recent research has shown that AI can both directly bind to and alter activity of certain organic acid transporters, and also influence AI resistance proteins indirectly, via protein phosphorylation.

关键词： ALMT aluminum resistance aluminum signaling aluminumtoxicity MATE

Cecal microbiota transplantation:unique influence of cecal microbiota from divergently selected inbred donor lines on cecal microbial profile,serotonergic activity,and aggressive behavior of recipient chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第5期14卷 1986-2001页

作者： Yuechi Fu Jiaying Hu Marisa A.Erasmus Huanmin Zhang Timothy A.Johnson Hengwei Cheng Department of Animal Sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory USDA-ARSEast LansingMI 48823USA Livestock Behavior Research Unit USDA-ARSWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

Background Accumulating evidence from human trials and rodent studies has indicated that modulation of gut microbiota affects host physiological homeostasis and behavioral ***,alterations in gut micro-biota could be a feasible strategy for reducing aggressive behavior and improving health in *** study was conducted to determine the effects of early-life cecal microbiota transplantation(CMT)on cecal microbial composi-tion,brain serotonergic activity,and aggressive behavior of recipient *** Chicken lines 63 and 72 with nonaggressive and aggressive behavior,respectively,were used as donors and a commercial strain Dekalb XL was used as recipients for ***-four 1-d-old male chicks were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments with 7 cages per treatment and 4 chickens per cage(n=7):saline(control,CTRL),cecal solution of line 6_(3)(6_(3)-CMT),and cecal solution of line 7_(2)(7_(2)-CMT).Transplantation was conducted via oral gavage once daily from d 1 to 10,and then boosted once weekly from week 3 to *** weeks 5 and 16,home-cage behavior was recorded,and chickens with similar body weights were assigned to paired aggression tests between the *** of blood,brain,and cecal content were collected from the post-tested chickens to detect CMT-induced biological and microbiota *** 63-CMT chickens displayed less aggressive behavior with a higher hypothalamic serotonergic activity at week ***,two amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)belonging to Lachnospiraceae and one Ruminococ-caceae UCG-005 ASV were positively correlated with the levels of brain tryptophan and serotonin,respectively.7_(2)-CMT chickens had lower levels of brain norepinephrine and dopamine at week 5 with higher levels of plasma serotonin and tryptophan at week *** belonging to Mollicutes RF39 and GCA-900066225 in 7_(2)-CMT chickens were nega-tively correlated with the brain 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA)at week 5,and one Bac

关键词： Aggressive behavior Cecal microbiota transplantation Chicken Microbiota-gut-brain axis Serotonergic activity

Research status and applications of nature-inspired algorithms for agri-food production

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International Journal of agricultural and Biological engineering 2020年第4期13卷 1-9页

作者： Yanbo Huang usda-ars Crop Production Systems Research Unit StonevilleMS 38776USA

Nature-inspired algorithms have been developed with biological *** learning algorithms from artificial neurons and artificial neural networks have been developed to mimic the human brain with synthetic *** research can be traced back to the 1940s and has been expanded to agri-food problem solving in the last three ***,the research and applications have entered the stage of deep learning with more layers and neurons that have complex connections to extract deep features of the *** this paper,the developments of artificial neural networks and deep learning algorithms are presented and discussed in conjunction with their biological connections for agri-food *** related independent studies previously conducted by the author are summarized with the newly conducted being *** the same time,the algorithms motivated by recent bionics studies are compared and discussed for their potentials for agri-food production.

关键词： nature-inspired algorithm agri-food production machine learning deep learning artificial neural networks artificial intelligence

Genes encoding a group of related small secreted proteins from the gut of Hessian fly larvae [Mayetiola destructor （Say）]

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Insect Science 2006年第5期13卷 339-348页

作者： MING-SHUN CHEN XIANG LIU YU-CHENG ZHU JOHN C. REESE GERALD E. W ILDE usda-ars Plant Science and Entomology Research UnitUSA Department of Entomology Kansas State University Manhattan KansasUSA usda-ars-JWDSRC Stoneville Minnesota USA

A group of related genes has been isolated and characterized from the gut of Hessian fly larvae [Mayetiola destructor （Say）]. Members in this group appear to encode proteins with secretary signal peptides at the N-terminals. The mature putative proteins are small, acidic proteins with calculated molecular masses of 14.5 to 15.3 kDa, and isoelectric points from 4.56 to 4.88. Northern blot analysis revealed that these genes are expressed predominantly in the gut of Hessian fly larvae and pupae. Two related genes, GIOK1 and GIOK2, were isolated as tandem repeats. Both genes contain three exons and two introns. The intron/exon boundaries were conserved in terms of amino acid encoding, suggesting that they arose by gene duplication. The fact that the frequency of this group of clones in a gut cDNA library higher than that of total cDNA clones encoding digestive enzymes suggested that this group of proteins may perform an important function in the gut physiology of this insect. However, the exact functions of these proteins are as yet known since no sequence similarity could be identified between these proteins and any known sequences in public databases using standard methods.

关键词： Hessian fly gut Mayetiola destructor secreted protein wheat

Characterization of Gh SERK2 and its expression associated with somatic embryogenesis and hormones level in Upland cotton

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第3期17卷 517-529页

作者： LIU Zheng-jie ZHAO Yan-peng ZENG Ling-he ZHANG Yuan WANG Yu-mei HUA Jin-ping College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement United States Department of Agriculture - agricultural Research Service (usda-ars) Crop Genetics Research Unit Research Institute of Cash Crop Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Somatic embryogenesis （SE） is one of the most important steps during regeneration of cotton, but the molecular mechanism of SE remains unclear. SOMATIC EMBRYOGENSIS RECEPTOR KINASE （SERK） gene is known to function in SE. A homolog GhSERK2 （accession number： JF430801） was cloned from Upland cotton and characterized for its functions in SE. GhSERK2 expressed in different tissues and showed higher expression level in floral organs than vegetative ones with the highest levels in ovule and anther. GhSERK2 expressed during SE with a high level at globular embryos stage. Upon treatment with indole-3-butytic acid （IBA）, the transcription level of GhSERK2 was induced and promoted SE subsequently. A 2-day treatment of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D） induced the expression of GhSERK2, but treatments of 2,4-D for longer periods sharply inhibited the GhSERK2 transcription level of embryogenic callus （EC）. The levels of hormones, including 3-indoleacetic acid （IAA）, abscisic acid （ABA）, and brassinosteroid （BR）, were increased in the initial calli induced from the over-expression of GhSERK2 cotton. Our results indicated that GhSERK2 expression was associated with induction of SE and closely related to hormone levels during tissue culture in Upland cotton, and the gene might play an important role in regeneration of cotton.

关键词： GhSERK2 somatic embryogenesis hormone level expression pattern Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Efficacy of an esfenvalerate plus methoprene aerosol for the control of eggs and fifth instars of Plodia interpunctella （Lepidoptera： Pyralidae）

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Insect Science 2010年第1期17卷 21-28页

作者： Emily A. Jenson Frank H. Arthur James R. Nechols Kansas State University usda-ars Grain Marketing and Production Research Center Manhattan KS USA

Aerosol insecticides may provide an alternative to fumigants for control of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella （Hübner）, the Indianmeal moth, a major insect pest of stored processed food. In this study, eggs and larvae （5th instars） ofP. interpunctella were exposed to aerosol applications of the pyrethroid esfenvalerate and insect growth regulator methoprene, alone and in combination, in open and obstructed positions inside small sheds. When larvae were exposed to methoprene alone, adult emergence from those exposed larvae was 7.1% ± 1.5%. In contrast, adult emergence was 92.5% ± 3.5% when larvae were exposed to esfenvalerate alone. When eggs were exposed to methoprene, adult emergence of those exposed eggs was approximately 75%; however, when eggs were exposed to esfenvalerate, adult emergence was approximately 35%. In the combination treatment of methoprene plus esfenvalerate at their respective label rates, adult emergence following larval exposure was 0.91% ±0.61% compared to 16.3% ± 9.6% when eggs were exposed. Based on our results, methoprene alone is highly effective in reducing adult emergence after larval exposure. However, it is not as effective on eggs as esfenvalerate. A combination treatment of esfenvalerate plus methoprene could be used to control eggs and the wandering-phase larval stages ofP. interpunctella. An economic risk analysis also supports a strategy of combining methoprene and esfenvalerate.

关键词： control Indianmeal moth Plodia interpunctella