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Active tracking of rejected dried blood samples in a large program in Nigeria

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World Journal of Virology 2016年第2期5卷 73-81页

作者： Auchi Inalegwu Sunny Phillips Rawlings Datir Christopher Chime Petronilla Ozumba Samuel Peters Obinna Ogbanufe Charles Mensah Alash'Le Abimiku Patrick Dakum Nicaise Ndembi Institute of Human Virology us Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Embassy of the United States of America Institute of Human Virology University of Maryland School of Medicine

AIM: To study the impact of rejection at different levels of health care by retrospectively reviewing records of dried blood spot samples received at the molecular laboratory for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) early infant diagnosis(EID) between January 2008 and December ***: The specimen rejection rate, reasons for rejection and the impact of rejection at different levels of health care was examined. The extracted data were cleaned and checked for consistency and then deduplicated using the unique patient and clinic identifiers. The cleaned data were ciphered and exported to SPSS version 19(SPSS 2010 IBM Corp, New York, United States) for statistical ***: Sample rejection rate of 2.4%(n = 786/32552) and repeat rate of 8.8%(n = 69/786) were established. The mean age of infants presenting for first HIV molecular test among accepted valid samples was 17.83 wk(95%CI: 17.65-18.01) vs 20.30 wk(95%CI: 16.53-24.06) for repeated samples. HIV infection rate was 9.8% vs 15.9% for accepted and repeated samples. Compared to tertiary healthcare clinics, secondary and primary clinics had twofold and three-fold higher likelihood of sample rejection, respectively(P usION: Programs should monitor pre-analytical variables and incorporate continuous quality improvement interventions to reduce errors associated with sample rejection and improve patient retention.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Prevention of mother-to-child transmission Early infant diagnosis Dried blood spot Pre-analytical error Sample rejection

A public health approach to rapid scale-up of free antiretroviral treatment in China： an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure

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Chinese Medical Journal 2009年第11期122卷 1352-1355页

作者： Marc Bulterys Sten H. Vermund Ray Y. Chen Chin-Yih Ou Global AIDS Program - China Office US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100600 China Division of Global AIDS National Center for HIV Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia USA Institute for Global Health and Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville Tennessee USA National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases US Embassy Beijing/National Institutes of Health Beijing 100600 China

China＇s rapidly evolving HIV/AIDS epidemic calls for a dramatic expansion of both prevention and treatment services. Official state media recently reported that for the first time, in 2008, HIV/AIDS became China＇s leading cause of death among infectious diseases. Estimates from the Ministry of Health indicate that around 700 000 people were living with HIV and 85 000 people had AIDS in 2007. Initially, HIV-1 infection was confined primarily to certain high-risk populations such as injection drug users （IDU） along drug-trafficking routes, and former plasma donors （FPD） in rural communities in east-central China. Now, however, HIV prevalence is increasing among female sex workers （FSW） and men who have sex with men （MSM）.

关键词： antiretroviral therapy China human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance universal access

The Role of Nursing Care in Drug Compliance and Quality of Life in Patients after Coronary Artery “Bypass” Surgery

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Open Journal of Nursing 2021年第5期11卷 331-348页

作者： Besjana Gashi Vlora Ejupi Edonesa Jasiqi Fitim Gashi Eroll Reshtani Selami Behluli Adelina Ismaili Clinic of Cardiac Surgery and Invasive Cardiology University Clinical Center of Kosovo Pristina Kosovo Clinic of Hematology University Clinical Center of Kosovo Pristina Kosovo Health Unit US Embassy in Kosovo Pristina Kosovo Emergency University Clinical Center of Kosovo and Lecture College AAB Pristina Kosovo Univesity Clinical of Health Departament of Nursing College AAB Pristina Kosovo

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a broad term that includes a whole range of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels. Cardiovascular diseases (and not only) or as they are known by the abbreviation (SKV), are as numerous as they are complex, attacking the heart and blood vessels, causing many deaths globally, not to mention, are among the main causes. Arteriosclerosis is diagnosed, mainly on the basis of family and medical history, in which case a physical examination and specific tests are performed, which include: blood tests, Doppler ultrasound, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, echocardiography, angiography and stress test, etc. The study was conducted at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo (UCCK). The paper is based on data obtained from the research protocol of patients of this clinic, in the period 2016-2018. This study included 100 patients with heart disease and their treatment, with special emphasis on coronary artery bypass grafting. Our goal was to emphasize the care, as well as the quality of life of patients, after coronary artery bypass surgery. This process has always been supervised by the head nurse of the clinic, in order to fully preserve the privacy of the patients included in this research. From the results of this research, we found that males dominate in the number of patients included in the study, age over 50 dominates, and we also found that most patients have relatives who suffer from heart disease. We also see that 18% of patients continue to smoke after surgery, while 70% of them stated that their health after surgery is much better than last year, and 84% of them stated that they use therapy after surgery. Data from another study were performed by the hospital CHF, Self-Care (Self-Care of Heart Failure Index). The results are based on 280 patients, 123 of whom were male and 157 female, their marital status showing that 203 of them were married and that the average age of the patients ranged from 67.2 to 13.4 years. In this s

关键词： Coronary Bypass Post-Operative Nursing Care Herbicides Cardiovascular Diseases

Pregnancy outcomes and risk factors for low birth weight and preterm delivery among HIV-infected pregnant women in Guangxi, China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2012年第3期125卷 403-409页

作者： Yu Lan Li Wen-ying Chen, Ray Y. Tang Zhi-rong Pang Jun Gui Xiu-zhi Meng Xiu-ning Zhang Fu-jie Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Natl Ctr AIDS STD Control & Prevent Beijing 100050 Peoples R China usCDC Global AIDS Program Beijing Off Beijing 100000 Peoples R China us embassy US Natl Inst Hlth Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis Beijing 100000 Peoples R China Prov Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Outpatient Clin Nanning 530000 Guangxi Peoples R China 4 Infect Dis Hosp Nanning Dept Obstet & Gynecol Nanning 530000 Guangxi Peoples R China Maternal & Child Care Serv Hosp Liuzhou Liuzhou 545001 Guangxi Peoples R China Maternal & Child Care Serv Hosp Hengxian Hengxian 530300 Guangxi Peoples R China Capital Med Univ Beijing Ditan Hosp Beijing 100015 Peoples R China

Background Six provinces in China accounted for 70%-80% of all reported HIV/AIDS cases in the country in 2009 and five provinces accounted for 78% of all reported mother-to-child transmission （MTCT） of HIV cases. Because Guangxi belonged to both groups, the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission （PMTCT） Plus program was established there to understand better low birth weight （LBW） and preterm delivery （PD） birth outcomes and their associated risk factors better. Methods Pregnancy outcomes were examined among HIV-infected pregnant women who enrolled in the PMTCT Plus program from June 2006 to February 2009 in Guangxi, China. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors associated with LBW （〈2500 g） and PD （gestational age 〈37 weeks）. Results The prevalence of LBW and PD among 194 HIV-positive mothers was 19.6% （38/194） and 9.8% （19/194）, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that CD4 cell count 〈100 cell/IJI （multivariate-adjusted odds ratio （AOR） 5.52; 95% Cl 1.11-25.55） and CD4 cell count 100-199 cells/IJI （AOR3.40; 95% Cl 1.03-11.25, compared to CD4 cell count 〉350 cells/IJI）, gestational age 〈37 weeks （AOR 4.38; 95% Cl 1.29-14.82, compared to 〉37 weeks）, maternal weight 〈45 kg （AOR 5.64; 95% Cl 1.09-29.07） and maternal weight 45-54 kg （AOR 3.55; 95% CI 1.31-9.60, compared to 〉55 kg） at enrollment, and H IV RNA 〉100 000 copies/ml at enrollment （AOR 4.22; 95% CI 1.24-14.32） and 20 000-99 999 （AOR 2.77; 95% Cl 1.01-7.77, compared to 〈20 000 copies/ml） were associated with a higher risk of LBW. For PD, only maternal injection drug use as the route of HIV transmission （AOR 5.30; 95% Cl 1.33-21.14, compared to those infected with HIV through sexual transmission） was significantly associated with a higher risk of PD. Conclusions Lower CD4 cell count and higher HIV RNA viral load at enrollment were associated with LBW. Optimal antenatal care, including earlier antenatal screening and HIV diagnosis, is critica

关键词： pregnancy outcome low birth weight preterm delivery HIV," pregnant women

Air Pollution in Major Chinese Cities: Some Progress, But Much More to Do

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第13期7卷 2081-2094页

作者： Dorrit H. Lowsen George A. Conway U.S. Department of State Beijing China Division of Global Health Protection Center for Global Health US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA

Background: Ambient (outdoor) air pollution has been implicated as a major cause of acute cardiovascular and pulmonary illnesses and increased risk for acute and chronic effects after chronic exposures, including mortality and morbidity. In 2008, due to persistent health concerns about its workforce and their dependents, the us Mission in China began monitoring air quality at the us embassy in Beijing. Subsequently, monitoring stations were also established at us consulates at Shanghai (2011), Guangzhou (2011), Chengdu (2012), and Shenyang (2013). Objectives: To determine whether there have been definable trends in air quality in these five Chinese cities. Methods: Air monitoring results from each locale for accumulated PM2.5 particulate matter were calculated hourly. Accumulated data were organized, culled using a standardized set of heuristics, and analyzed for trends. Results: China’s capital city, Beijing, experienced decreased PM2.5 from 2013 through 2015, but no significant long-term downward trend from 2008 through 2015. Shanghai has not shown any definable air quality trend since 2012. Chengdu experienced some improvement in air quality since 2013, but none discernible from 2012 through 2015. Guangzhou had generally better air quality, and a downward trend since 2012. Shenyang experienced increasingly severe air pollution from 2013 through 2015. Conclusion: There appear to have been recent tangible, though modest, improvements in air quality in three large Chinese cities: Beijing, Chengdu, and Guangzhou, but no apparent progress in Shanghai, and a worrisome decline in air quality observed in Shenyang. Despite recent progress, there is a long way to go before even the cities which show improvement reach Chinese standards.

关键词： Environmental Monitoring Air Pollution/Air Q Ambient Air Quality China PM2.5

First report on molecular characterization of Leishmania species from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第7期10卷 785-788页

作者： Mubbashir Hussain Shahzad Munir Sultan Ayaz Bahar Ullah Khattak Taj Ali Khan Niaz Muhammad Muhammad Anees Hazir Rahman Muhammad Qasim Muhammad Ameen Jamal Irfan Ahmed Kashif Rahim Humaira Mazhar Noha Watanay Mohamed Kasbari Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory Department of MicrobiologyKohat University of Science and Technology Kohat Department of Plant Pathology Faculty of Plant ProtectionYunnan Agricultural University College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan College of Animal Science and Technology Yunnan Agricultural University Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Yunnan Agricultural University Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Institute of Biochemistry and BiotechnologyCollege of Life SciencesBeijing Normal University us Naval Medical Research Unit-3 (NAMRU 3) ANSES Animal Health Laboratory

Objective: To report presence of Leishmania major in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan, where cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL) is endemic and was thought to be caused by Leishmania tropica only. Methods: Biopsy samples from 432 CL suspected patients were collected from 3 southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during years 2011–2016. Microscopy on Giemsa stained slides were done followed by amplification of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 gene. Results: Leishmania amastigotes were detected by microscopy in 308 of 432 samples(71.3%) while 374 out of 432 samples(86.6%) were positive by ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 PCR. Subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism confirmed Leishmania tropica in 351 and Leishmania major in 6 biopsy samples. Conclusions: This study is the first molecular characterization of Leishmania species in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It confirmed the previous assumptions that anthroponotic CL is the major CL form present in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Furthermore, this is the first report of Leishmania major from a classical anthroponotic CL endemic focus identified in rural areas of Kohat district in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

关键词： Cutaneous leishmaniasis ITS-PCR RFLP Leishmania tropica Khyber Pakhtunkhwa