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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第1期7卷 61-68页

作者： Sydney I.Menchhoff April D.Solomon Jordan O.Cox Madison E.Hytinen Marilyn T.Miller Tracey Dawson Cruz Department of Forensic Science Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA Jefferson Parish Sheriff’s office regional DNA Laboratory HarveyLouisianaUSA

Due to recent improvements in forensic DNA testing kit sensitivity,there has been an increased demand in the criminal justice community to revisit past convictions or cold *** of these cases have little biological evidence other than touch DNA in the form of archived latent fingerprint lift *** this study,a previously developed optimised workflow for this sample type was tested on aged fingerprints to determine if improved short tandem repeat(STR)profiles could be ***-year-old samples processed with the optimised workflow produced an average of approximately five more STR alleles per profile over the traditional *** optimised workflow also produced detectable alleles in samples aged out to 28 *** the methods tested,the optimised workflow resulted in the most informative profiles from evidence samples more representative of the forensic *** workflow is recommended for use with archived latent fingerprint samples,regardless of the archival time.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic genetics low template DNA touch DNA aged samples archived latent fingerprints optimised workflow

Immuno-haematologic and virologic responses and predictors of virologic failure in HIV-1 infected adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Cameroon

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 29-39页

作者： Henry D Meriki Kukwah A Tufon Mbunkah H Afegenwi Bernard A Nyindem Pascal N Atanga Damian N Anong Fidelis Cho-Ngwa Theresa Nkuo-Akenji Department of Microbiology and Parasitology University of BueaP.O.Box 63BueaCameroon BioCollections Worldwide Inc.regional office BueaCameroon regional Delegation of Public Health Southwest RegionCameroon Faculty of Science Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory University of BueaBueaCameroon

Background:Contemporary data on the immunologic,haematologic and virologic responses and predictors of virologic failure after initiation of free antiretroviral treatment in Cameroon are needed to evaluate the current treatment-monitoring algorithm and to complement efforts to scale-up and improve on the management of HIV ***:This was a cross-sectional study conducted between October 2010 and June 2012.A total of 951 participants aged 18-74 years were recruited from selected approved HIV treatment centres of the Northwest and Southwest *** comprised 247 males and 704 ***,self-reported risk behaviours and socioeconomic data were obtained using a structured *** blood and CD4+T-cell counts were done using standard automated *** of viral load(VL)was done using Abbott RealTime HIV-1 m2000™*** was analysed using SPSS version *** statistical significance level was P500 cells/μL *** was present in 26.2%of the participants with 62.3%,25.7%and 12%described as mild,moderate and severe anaemia *** failure occurred in 23.2%of the participants with 12.3%having VL>10,000 RNA copies/*** 76.8%of patients attained adequate viral suppression with 40.8%having undetectable viral *** age group 18-29 years(p=0.024),co-infection with tuberculosis(p=0.014),anaemia(p=0.028)and distance from the treatment centre(p=0.011)independently predicted virologic ***:The majority of the participants achieved adequate viral suppression after≥6 months of *** these favourable immuno-haematologic and virologic outcomes,the National AIDS Control Program should step-up efforts to improve on antir

关键词： Immuno-haematologic Predictors Virologic failure Antiretroviral therapy

Setting Research Priorities for Cervical Cancer Prevalence, Prevention and Treatment in WHO africa Region

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2021年第1期9卷 41-49页

作者： Leopold Ouedraogo Triphonie Nkurunziza Assumpta Muriithi Chilanga Asmani Hayfa Elamin Souleymane Zan Bigirimana Françoise Mihretu Belete Gbenou Dina Dadji Kwami Kim Caron Rahn Ali Moazzam Tolu Lemi Blami Dao Issiaka Sombie Okech Mollent Reproductive Maternal Health and Ageing WHO Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo Department of Reproductive Health and Research World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland JHPIEGO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso west africa Health Organization Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Peak Moments Global HR Solutions Nairobi Kenya

Background: Cervical cancer has been ranked among the leading causes of deaths among women in africa. Despite this, priority setting mechanisms used in planning for programmes and interventions that respond to sexual and reproductive health and rights services particularly in cervical cancer prevalence, prevention and treatment have not adequately taken into account research based evidence to respond appropriately. Methods: We adapted the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative method. A wide range of stakeholders identified potential research areas in an online survey. A technical working group comprising of 67 participants reviewed the questions for modification and removal of out scope questions. Finally, scoring and ranking was done to provide the top ten priorities questions. Results: “Cost-benefit analysis of systematic human papillomavirus vaccination compared to the current cost of cervical cancer in public health care systems” scored 27. This was followed by two research questions ranked at 24 points: “assessment of women’s and girls’ knowledge on the importance of early cervical cancer screening,” and “human papilloma virus vaccination and contributions of new technologies to the supply and storage of vaccines, including human papillomavirus vaccine”. Conclusion: The study identified 10 priority research questions that can guide the agenda for cervical cancer prevalence, prevention and treatment in the WHO africa region. The identified priorities will be of use to policy makers, researchers and programmers and other stakeholders who can invest in areas that greatly affect cervical cancer prevalence, prevention and treatment.

关键词： Cervical Cancer Screening Secondary Prevention HPV Vaccination Sexual and Reproductive Health

The WHO african Region: Research Priorities on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2021年第1期9卷 13-23页

作者： Leopold Ouedraogo Triphonie Nkurunziza Assumpta Muriithi Theopista Kabuteni John Chilanga Asmani Hayfa Elamin Symplice Mbola Mbassi Souleymane Zan Bigirimana Françoise Mihretu Belete Gbenou Dina Dadji Kwami Kim Caron Rahn Ali Moazzam Tolu Lemi Blami Dao Issiaka Sombie Okech Mollent Reproductive Maternal Health and Ageing WHO Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo Department of Reproductive Health and Research World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland JHPIEGO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso west africa Health Organization Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Peak Moments Global HR Solutions Nairobi Kenya

Background: Many policy makers deliberating on comprehensive sexual and reproductive health and rights services need reliable evidence to make choices that benefit women, adolescents, children and the wider society. While universal health coverage discourse provides an opportunity to expand access through evidence based interventions, many gaps exist. Research prioritization has proved to be very helpful in identifying relevant areas especially in constrained resource settings. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the World Health Organization africa Region research prioritization for sexual and reproductive health and rights. These priorities hope to guide the region for the next three years. Methods: We used the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative approach to identify priority questions among many potential areas for research prioritization on sexual and reproductive health and rights. The implementation process was organized in three phases. The first phase involved sending out an online survey to various experts with experience in sexual and reproductive health rights. These questions were received by a technical team from World Health Organization headquarters for review. 634 questions were identified for potential research and grouped into 12 themes. The second phase involved experts who reviewed the questions. The team merged questions with duplications, removed the questions that were out of scope and finally refined the wordings. In the final phase, experts worked in groups to score and rank top ten priority questions for each of the 12 thematic areas. Results: A list of 120 priority questions for sexual and reproductive health and rights were prioritized by 67 participants drawn from 16 organizations. Most of the priority research questions (45%) focused on the theme of gender-based violence, 35% prioritized services in sexual and reproductive health and rights in humanitarian

关键词： Research Priorities Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative

Research Priorities for Preventing Unsafe Abortions in the WHO africa Region

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2021年第1期9卷 24-32页

作者： Leopold Ouedraogo Triphonie Nkurunziza Assumpta Muriithi Chilanga Asmani Hayfa Elamin Souleymane Zan Mihretu Belete Gbenou Dina Theopista Kabuteni John Bigirimana Françoise Dadji Kwami Kim Caron Rahn Ali Moazzam Tolu Lemi Blami Dao Issiaka Sombie Okech Mollent Reproductive Maternal Health and Ageing WHO Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo Department of Reproductive Health and Research World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland JHPIEGO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso west africa Health Organization Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Peak Moments Global HR Solutions Nairobi Kenya

Background: Unsafe abortion is a commonly neglected sexual and reproductive health and rights issue despite the serious health problems it causes to women and girls in their reproductive ages. It is classified as a main cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. This paper has considered questions that have the greatest potential to successfully reduce unsafe abortions in the resource poor settings. Methods: We adapted the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) to identify and prioritize many competing sexual and reproductive health and rights research ideas that impact the health of the populations. The implementation was done in three phases which included generation and collection of research ideas from various experts virtually in August 2019 consolidation of the potential questions through thematic analysis conducted in September 2019. Finally, scoring and ranking of the research questions was done in a workshop of experts. Results: Out of a list of 45 priority research questions, two questions were ranked the highest scoring 28 out of the possible 30. The research priorities include: “The effectiveness of interventions (e.g. counseling or incentives or home visits) to increase post abortion uptake and continuance”, “Reducing repeat abortion on improving maternal health outcomes” and “Evaluation of community-based awareness programs to reduce unwanted pregnancies and encourage women to seek help early”. Conclusions: Ten key research priorities in preventing unsafe abortion were identified. The priority list covers areas of focus that could effectively impact preventing unsafe abortions while also acting as a knowledge base for researchers, policy makers and other interested stakeholders who would want to invest in this area.

关键词： Unsafe Abortion Post-Abortion Contraception Sexual and Reproductive Health Unplanned Abortion

Research Priorities for Addressing Gender Based Violence in the WHO africa Region

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2021年第1期9卷 50-59页

作者： Leopold Ouedraogo Triphonie Nkurunziza Assumpta Muriithi Bigirimana Françoise Chilanga Asmani Hayfa Elamin Souleymane Zan Mihretu Belete Gbenou Dina Dadji Kwami Theopista Kabuteni John Kim Caron Rahn Ali Moazzam Tolu Lemi Blami Dao Issiaka Sombie Okech Mollent Reproductive Maternal Health and Ageing WHO Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo Department of Reproductive Health and Research World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland JHPIEGO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso west africa Health Organization Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Peak Moments Global HR Solutions Nairobi Kenya

Background: There is an increasing emphasis on conducting research to identify gender based violence issues to enable development of appropriate programs and interventions. However, these efforts are mixed in quality and often raise ethical questions. The increased pressure on policy makers to move to a more evidence-based approach in addressing gender based issues creates the need for this research prioritization activity. Inadequate evaluative evidence in this area poses a challenge in the planning for responsive interventions especially in resource limited settings. The purpose of this paper is to present gender based violence research priority areas for the WHO africa Region. Methods: We utilized a modified version of the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative approach to reach consensus on research priorities on the thematic area of gender based violence. In three phases, we first conducted an online survey with sexual and reproductive health and rights experts in academia, ministries of health, non-governmental organizations and other health actors with a wide range of experiences. These questions were consolidated by three experts from World Health Organization headquarters into themes. Secondly, experts were invited in a meeting in Cape Town South africa to analyze and generate relevant areas of research based on the themes. Finally, a smaller group of experts prioritized research areas based on agreed criteria. Results: A list of 10 priority research questions for addressing gender based violence were scored and ranked. Four priority research questions scored 30 points out of the possible 30 points and were thus ranked as the highest priority. These included questions that “engage young adolescents in behavioral interventions to influence gender roles”, “determinants of gender based violence analysis”, “both long and short term complications of gender based violence on survivors” and “assessment of

关键词： Gender-Based Violence Gender Human Rights Sexual and Reproductive Health Violence

Research Priorities for mHealth and Innovative Strategies in Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in the WHO africa Region

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2021年第1期9卷 33-40页

作者： Leopold Ouedraogo Triphonie Nkurunziza Assumpta Muriithi Chilanga Asmani Hayfa Elamin Souleymane Zan Bigirimana Françoise Mihretu Belete Gbenou Dina Dadji Kwami Mekdes Daba Theopista Kabuteni John Hien Clotaire Kim Caron Rahn Ali Moazzam Tolu Lemi Blami Dao Issiaka Sombie Okech Mollent Reproductive Maternal Health and Ageing WHO Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo Department of Reproductive Health and Research World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland JHPIEGO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso west africa Health Organization Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Peak Moments Global HR Solutions Nairobi Kenya

Background: The use of mobile phones continues to rise rapidly in the provision of health related services. Many countries have adopted the use of mobiles to provide sexual and reproductive health and rights and especially among the adolescents where specific messages are tailored for various audiences with specific messages. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a research priority setting exercise on mHealth and innovative strategies. Methods: We adapted Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative methodology to identify and set research priorities on mHealth and innovative strategies that respond to sexual and reproductive health and rights services. General potential research questions were gathered online from multiple stakeholders in the region and sent for consolidation consolidated to technical experts in World Health Organization headquarters. The second phase involved a meeting with experts to review and thematically analyze the questions list of 33 questions producing a list of 22 research questions. The questions were scored against a six point criteria and ranked accordingly. Ten top priority research questions were identified. Results: Lists of 33 priority research questions for mHealth and innovative strategies were proposed for discussions by 67 stakeholders. The questions were reviewed, scored and ranked in a technical meeting by experts. The highest ranking questions at 87% include evaluation of mHealth for data management and sexual and reproductive health and rights decision making, assessment of innovative local financing techniques to support community based sexual reproductive health and rights and evaluation of the role of mobile technologies in referral and counter referral. Conclusions: Information and communication technology is developing drastically and has a great potential in improving health especially in sexual and reproductive health and rights s

关键词： mHealth Mobile Phones Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Technology

Setting regional Research Priorities for Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Services in Humanitarian Settings

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2021年第1期9卷 60-68页

作者： Leopold Ouedraogo Triphonie Nkurunziza Assumpta Muriithi Chilanga Asmani Hayfa Elamin Bigirimana Françoise Souleymane Zan Gbenou Dina Mihretu Belete Dadji Kwami Kim Caron Rahn Ali Moazzam Tolu Lemi Blami Dao Issiaka Sombie Okech Mollent Reproductive Maternal Health and Ageing WHO Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo Department of Reproductive Health and Research World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland JHPIEGO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso west africa Health Organization Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Peak Moments Global HR Solutions Nairobi Kenya

Background: Despite increased recognition of the need for sexual and reproductive health and rights in humanitarian settings, evidence focusing on mainstreaming reproductive health services such as maternal, neonatal mortality, human immunodeficiency virus transmission and unsafe abortion still remains inadequate. The ability to understand the magnitude of the needs and highlight existing gaps is supported by improved data which is critical to informing effective policies, programming and funding decisions. The purpose of this report is to present the results of a research prioritization exercise on sexual and reproductive health and rights services in humanitarian settings for the WHO africa region for the next three years. Methods: We adapted the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative method in three phases. Experts from the region participated in an online survey to identify key areas for research in sexual and reproductive health and rights. To identify potential areas for research, the experts ensured answerability, effectiveness, deliverability, equity and potential impact of the questions. The research areas they identified were reviewed by World Health Organization technical team from headquarters. In a meeting of 67 participants, the questions were subjected to further review and analysis. Using a modified for scoring criteria, the questions were scored and ranked to provide the top ten priority questions to address sexual and reproductive health and rights services in humanitarian settings. Results: A list of 21 priority research questions on sexual and reproductive health and rights services in humanitarian settings were scored and ranked. Top ten priorities research questions were identified. Those that scored highly by scoring 30 points out of the possible maximum of 30 include: “determining the prevalence and associated factors of unwanted pregnancies and abortions performed in emergency and hu

关键词： Humanitarian Conflicts Crisis Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights

Predicting June Mean Rainfall in the Middle/Lower Yangtze River Basin

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第1期37卷 29-41页

作者： Gill M.MARTIN Nick J.DUNSTONE Adam A.SCAIFE Philip E.BETT Met office Exeter

We demonstrate that there is significant skill in the GloSea5 operational seasonal forecasting system for predicting June mean rainfall in the middle/lower Yangtze River basin up to four months in *** of the rainfall in this region during June is contributed by the mei-yu rain *** find that similar skill exists for predicting the East Asian summer monsoon index(EASMI)on monthly time scales,and that the latter could be used as a proxy to predict the regional ***,there appears to be little to be gained from using the predicted EASMI as a proxy for regional rainfall on monthly time scales compared with predicting the rainfall *** interannual variability of the June mean rainfall is affected by synoptic and intraseasonal variations,which may be inherently unpredictable on the seasonal forecasting time scale,the major influence of equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures from the preceding winter on the June mean rainfall is captured by the model through their influence on the western North Pacific subtropical *** ability to predict the June mean rainfall in the middle and lower Yangtze River basin at a lead time of up to 4 months suggests the potential for providing early information to contingency planners on the availability of water during the summer season.

关键词： forecast skill EASMI monthly mean rainfall East Asian summer monsoon Yangtze River basin

Expanding carbon neutrality strategies:Incorporating out-ofboundary emissions in city-level frameworks

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第4期20卷 145-153页

作者： Zhe Zhang Mingyu Li Li Zhang Yunfeng Zhou Shuying Zhu Chen Lv Yixuan Zheng Bofeng Cai Jinnan Wang Center for Carbon Neutrality Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing100043China School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China R&D and International Cooperation office Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing100043China School of Economics and Management Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing100043China

Cities are increasingly vital in global carbon mitigation efforts,yet few have specifically tailored carbon neutrality ***,out-of-boundary indirect greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,aside from those related to electricity and heat imports,are often overlooked in existing pathways,despite their significance in comprehensive carbon mitigation *** this gap,here we introduce an integrated analysis framework focusing on both production and consumption-related GHG *** to Wuyishan,a service-oriented city in Southern China,this framework provides a holistic view of a city's carbon neutrality pathway,from a full-scope GHG emission *** findings reveal the equal importance of carbon reduction within and outside the city's boundaries,with out-of-boundary emissions accounting for 42%of Wuyishan's present total GHG *** insight highlights the necessity of including these external factors in GHG accounting and mitigation strategy *** framework serves as a practical tool for cities,particularly in developing countries,to craft effective carbon neutrality roadmaps that encompass the full spectrum of GHG emissions.

关键词： Greenhouse gas emissions Full-scope emission accounting Carbon neutrality pathway City-level