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Proteomic analysis of adipose tissue during the last weeks of gestation in pure and crossbred Large White or Meishan fetuses gestated by sows of either breed

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第3期9卷 558-573页

作者： F.Gondret B.Guével M.C.Père H.Quesnel Y.Billon *** L.Canario I.Louveau L.Liaubet PEGASE Agrocampus OuestINRA Protim Inserm U1085 Irset Université Rennes 1 Campus de Beaulieu Gen ESI INRA Le Magneraud Gen Physe INRA INPT INPT-ENV Université de Toulouse

Background: The degree of adipose tissue development at birth may influence neonatal survival and subsequent health outcomes. Despite their lower birth weights, piglets from Meishan sows(a fat breed with excellent maternal ability) have a higher survival rate than piglets from Large White sows(a lean breed). To identify the main pathways involved in subcutaneous adipose tissue maturation during the last month of gestation, we compared the proteome and the expression levels of some genes at d 90 and d 110 of gestation in purebred and crossbred Large White or Meishan fetuses gestated by sows of either ***: A total of 52 proteins in fetal subcutaneous adipose tissue were identified as differential y expressed over the course of gestation. Many proteins involved in energy metabolism were more abundant, whereas some proteins participating in cytoskeleton organization were reduced in abundance on d 110 compared with d 90. Irrespective of age,24 proteins differed in abundance between fetal genotypes, and an interaction effect between fetal age and genotype was observed for 13 proteins. The abundance levels of proteins known to be responsive to nutrient levels such as aldolase and fatty acid binding proteins, as wel as the expression levels of FASN, a key lipogenic enzyme, and MLXIPL, a pivotal transcriptional mediator of glucose-related stimulation of lipogenic genes, were elevated in the adipose tissue of pure and crossbred fetuses from Meishan sows. These data suggested that the adipose tissue of these fetuses had superior metabolic functionality, whatever their paternal genes. Conversely, proteins participating in redox homeostasis and apoptotic cel clearance had a lower abundance in Meishan than in Large White fetuses. Time-course differences in adipose tissue protein abundance were revealed between fetal genotypes for a few secreted proteins participating in responses to organic substances, such as alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, transferrin and ***

关键词： Adipose tissue Fetus Genetics Maturity grade Proteome

Relative importance of long-term changes in climate and land-use on the phenology and abundance of legume crop specialist and generalist aphids

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Insect Science 2019年第5期26卷 881-896页

作者： Martin Luquet Maurice Hulle Jean-Christophe Simon Nicolas Parisey Christelle Buchard2 Bruno Jaloux agrocampus ouest Centre of AngersInstitute of GeneticsEnvironment and Plant Protection (IGEPP-Joint Research Unit 1349) AngersFrance INRA Institute of GeneticsEnvironment and Plant Protection (IGEPP-Joint Research Unit 1349)Le Rheu France

Abstract Insect populations are prone to respond to global changes through shifts in phenology, distribution and abundance. However, global changes cover several factors such as climate and land-use, the relative importance of these being largely unknown. Here, we aim at disentangling the effects of climate, land-use, and geographical drivers on aphid abundance and phenology in France, at a regional scale and over the last 40 years. We used aerial data obtained from suction traps between 1978 and 2015 on five aphid species varying in their degree of specialization to legumes, along with climate, legume crop area and geographical data. Effects of environmental and geographical variables on aphid annual abundance and spring migration dates were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. We found that within the last four decades, aphids have advanced their spring migration by a month, mostly due to the increase in temperature early in the year, and their abundance decreased by half on average, presumably in response to a combination of factors. The influence of legume crop area decreased with the degree of specialization of the aphid species to such crops. The effect of geographical variation was high even when controlling for environmental variables, suggesting that many other spatially structured processes act on aphid population characteristics. Multifactorial analyses helped to partition the effects of different global change drivers. Climate and land-use changes have strong effects on aphid populations, with important implications for future agriculture. Additionally, trait-based response variation could have major consequences at the community scale.

关键词： abundance climate warming degree of specialization land-use change legume aphids phenology

Physics-based algorithm to simulate tree dynamics under wind load

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第2期13卷 26-32页

作者： Lifeng Xu Zhongzhu Yang Weilong Ding Gerhard Buck-Sorlin College of Computer Science&Technology Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310026China IRHS INRAEAGROCAMPUS OUESTUniversitéd'AngersSFR 4207 QUASAV42 rue Georges Morel49071 BeaucouzécedexFrance

Rapid development in the different computer science fields during the recent decades has facilitated the creation of new applications in the area of dynamic simulation of plant *** these new applications,simulation of trees swaying in the wind is of great importance,as those computer graphics related areas,e.g.,computer games,tree cultivation and forest management simulations,help a lot in revealing the mechanisms of tree dynamics under wind ***,it is a big challenge to balance the effect of visualization in real time and calculation efficiency for any simulation algorithm.A physics-based algorithm to simulate tree dynamics under wind load was proposed in this study.A mechanistic model simulating the bending of a cantilever beam was used within the algorithm to simulate deformation of stems,and the algorithm was integrated with a landscape model in which different types of trees were constructed with an L-system-based *** results show that realistic dynamic effects can be achieved with reasonably high computational efficiency.

关键词： physics-based algorithm tree model L-system Cantilever beam

Early osmotic adjustment responses in drought-resistant and drought-sensitive oilseed rape

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第8期56卷 797-809页

作者： Sarah Hatzig L.Irina Zaharia Suzanne Abrams Marie Hohmann Laurie Legoahec Alain Bouchereau Nathalie Nesi Rod J.Snowdon Department of Plant Breeding IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems Land Use and Nutrition Justus Liebig University National Research Council of Canada Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Department of Chemistry University of Saskatchewan umr 1349 INRA-agrocampus ouest-Université de Rennes 1 Joint Laboratory for Genetics Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP) Bat.301 BP 35327 35653 Le Rheu Cedex France

The impact of osmotic stress on growth, physiolo- gy, and metabolism of winter oilseed rape （Brassica napus L.） was investigated by detailed analysis of biomass traits, hormone metabolites and osmolytes in two genetically unrelated drought-tolerant genotypes and two unrelated drought-sensitive genotypes. Seedlings were grown in vitro under controlled conditions and osmotic stress was simulated by applying a gradual treatment with polyethylene glycol （PEG 6ooo）, followed by hypo-osmotic treatment of variants used for metabolite determination. The results provide a basis for the identification of reliable selection criteria for drought resistance in oilseed rape. The in vitro cultivation system established during this study enabled effective discrimination of early osmotic stress responses between drought-resistant and -susceptible oilseed rape genotypes that also show large differences in relative seed yield under drought conditions in the field. Clear physiological and metabolic differences wereobserved between the drought-resistant and drought-sensitive genotypes, suggesting that osmotic adjustment is a key component of drought response in oilseed rape. Unexpected- ly, however, the drought-resistant genotypes did not show typical hormonal adjustment and osmolyte accumulation, suggesting that they possess alternative physiological mech- anisms enabling avoidance of stress symptoms.

关键词： Abscisic acid Brassica napus drought hormones metabolites

siMMinTM:一种模拟不同饲喂方案下生长猪的锌平衡的在线软件

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siMMinTM:一种模拟不同饲喂方案下生长猪的锌平衡的在线软件

Assessment of a new strategy for selective phenotyping applied to complex traits in <i>Brassica napus</i>

中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第七届中国饲料营养学术研...

作者：张永刚 DUROSOY Stephane Dourmad Jean-Yves 法国Animine公司 INRA-agrocampus ouest umr1348 Pegase 35590Saint-Gilles France

在养猪生产实践中养猪生产者为了保证饲料配方具有一定的安全系数或者利用高锌维护肠道健康和提高生长性能的作用,往往向饲料中添加过量的锌。但是过量的锌不仅不被动物消化吸收而是随粪便被排出体外,而且粪便中过量的锌会对水源和土壤... 详细信息

在养猪生产实践中养猪生产者为了保证饲料配方具有一定的安全系数或者利用高锌维护肠道健康和提高生长性能的作用,往往向饲料中添加过量的锌。但是过量的锌不仅不被动物消化吸收而是随粪便被排出体外,而且粪便中过量的锌会对水源和土壤造成污染。因此,测定日粮和粪便中锌的含量,计算日粮中的锌在生长猪上的代谢平衡变得非常重要。近而采取有效措施来降低粪便中锌的排泄量,从而降低粪便中的锌对环境的污染。然而,锌的代谢平衡试验不仅耗时长且工作量大,同时在操作上对许多养殖场来说具有一定难度。鉴于此,法国Animine公司在法国国家农业科学研究院的帮助下开发了一种动态的模拟不同饲喂方案下生长猪的锌平衡的在线软件—siMMin软件。siMMin软件的计算都是以欧盟现有的法规为基准。siMMin软件关注猪从断奶到屠宰的整个生长阶段。为了与现有情况相比较,siMMin软件在进行模拟时可以同时改变多个变量。因为该软件考虑到了不同猪场中不同生长阶段猪的生长性能以及饲喂方案的差异,所以可以在不同生产条件下的猪场中应用。而且siMMin软件的使用都非常直观且操作简单。实践表明,siMMin软件可以有效地帮助养猪生产者在不进行动物实验的情况下通过调节日粮中锌的含量来降低被排放到粪便的锌的含量,从而降低粪便中的锌对环境的污染。siMMin软件的应用是养猪生产者用来减轻环境污染的有力工具,有助于养殖业可持续发展。

关键词： siMMinTM 生长猪锌平衡

来源： cnki会议评论

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Open Journal of Genetics 2012年第4期2卷 190-201页

作者： Christophe Jestin Patrick Vallée Claude Domin Maria J. Manzanares-Dauleux Régine Delourme agrocampus ouest Le Rheu Cedex France INRA Le Rheu Cedex France

The accurate mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) depends notably on the number of recombination events occurring in the segregating population. The cost of phenotyping often limits the sample size used in QTL mapping. To get round this problem, we assessed a selective phenotyping method, called qtlRec sampling. In order to improve the accuracy of QTL mapping, a subset of individuals was selected to maximize the number of recombination events at putative QTL positions;the usefulness of this subset was compared to a selected sample built to maximize the recombination rate over the whole genome. We assessed this method on the quantitative oil content trait in Brassica napus. We showed that the qtlRec strategy could allow increasing accuracy (both support interval and position) of QTL location while it maintained a similar power of detection. We then applied this approach to the B. napus—Leptosphaeria maculans pathosystem for which resistance QTL with minor effect were previously identified. This allowed the validation of the QTL in six genomic regions. The qtlRec method is an attractive strategy for validating QTL in multiple year and/or location trials for a trait which requires costly and time-consuming phenotyping.

关键词： Selective Phenotyping QTL Brassica Napus Leptosphaeria maculans

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猪理想蛋白质理念及应用

中国饲料 2015年第12期 39-42页

作者： Jaap van Milgen INRA UMR1348 Pegase35590 Saint-GillesFrance agrocampus ouest UMR1348 Pegase35590 Saint-GillesFrance

了解猪对氨基酸的需求和猪对饲料中添加氨基酸的反应,对于设计饲料配方非常重要。氨基酸的需求量很大程度上是由蛋白质在体内的最大沉积决定的,对于哺乳母猪来说,还和乳汁的分泌量和乳中蛋白质的含量有关。氨基酸需要可以用剂量反应来测... 详细信息

了解猪对氨基酸的需求和猪对饲料中添加氨基酸的反应,对于设计饲料配方非常重要。氨基酸的需求量很大程度上是由蛋白质在体内的最大沉积决定的,对于哺乳母猪来说,还和乳汁的分泌量和乳中蛋白质的含量有关。氨基酸需要可以用剂量反应来测定,但研究方案、判断标准的选择、统计模型均会影响氨基酸需要的评估。本文从理想蛋白质入手,重点介绍了使用正确的通用方式表述动物的氨基酸需要量和饲料氨基酸的价值,以及评估氨基酸需要和理想蛋白质模型的实验室方法。

关键词：猪理想蛋白质模型氨基酸

以遗传潜力推算最佳生长及经济效益的生猪饲料配方及自动化饲喂计划

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中国饲料 2018年第7期 87-91页

作者： J.van Milgen J.Noblet J.Y.Dourmad E.Labussiere F.Garcia-Launay L.Brossard INRA UMR1348 PEGASE法国圣吉尔F-35590 agrocampus ouest UMR1348 PEGASE法国雷恩F-35000

饲养策略是针对整个猪群,这必然会导致自然资源的低效利用,甚至可能会扩大猪在屠宰时的个体差异。通过管理猪群均匀度做到精准饲喂有助于提高动物生产系统的效率。这个解决办法依赖于对营养供给与动物生产性能之间的精准预测、生产性能... 详细信息

饲养策略是针对整个猪群,这必然会导致自然资源的低效利用,甚至可能会扩大猪在屠宰时的个体差异。通过管理猪群均匀度做到精准饲喂有助于提高动物生产系统的效率。这个解决办法依赖于对营养供给与动物生产性能之间的精准预测、生产性能的持续监测和调节营养供给的饲喂系统。

关键词：家畜精准饲养遗传潜力配方自动化饲喂

Bactericera cockerelli(Sulc), a potential threat to China’s potato industry

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第2期19卷 338-349页

作者： Oluwashola OLANIYAN Neus RODRÍGUEZ-GASOL Nathalie CAYLA Eleonor MICHAUD Steve D.WRATTEN Bio-Protection Research Centre Lincoln UniversityLincoln 7647New Zealand Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture(IRTA) Lleida 25003Spain agrocampus ouest Institut National Supérieur des Sciences AgronomiquesAgroalimentairesHorticoles et du PaysageRennes Cedex 35000France

The potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli(Hemiptera:Triozidae)has recently emerged as a serious pest of potatoes and other solanaceous *** causes direct feeding damage and also vectors Candidatus Liberibacter solanaceaerum(Lso),a pathogen that causes zebra chip disease in potatoes and which potentially costs growers millions of dollars each *** producers rely on frequent sprays of pesticides for psyllid control but the results are unsatisfactory and there are negative side *** psyllid has spread beyond its native range in southwest US and northern Mexico to Canada,El Salvador,Honduras,Guatemala and Nicaragua via medium to long range dispersal flights perhaps aided by wind currents,and through anthropogenic *** was accidentally introduced into New Zealand in 2006 and most recently Australia,most likely through the importation of infested plant *** review summarizes information from studies on the biology,impact and management of ***,and highlights the imminent risk of this insect and its associated pathogen invading China,the world’s largest producer of fresh *** of risk maps leading to increased surveillance,could prevent or delay an incursion and facilitate early detection or eradication should this ***-term management with Lso-tolerant potato cultivars and psyllid control using the parasitic wasp Tamarixia triozae and other natural enemies should be pursued,rather than depending on synthetic pesticides.

关键词： Bactericera cockerelli tomato-potato psyllid invasive pest Candidatus Liberibacter solanaceaerum biological control Tamarixia triozae