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Variation of a floral polymorphism at different spatial scales in the Mediterranean geophyte Narcissus assoanus

Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第3期9卷 333-345页

作者： Regina Berjano Perrine Gauthier Chiara Parisi Valentine Vaudey Virginie Pons Alain Renaux david doblas John d.Thompson UMR 5175 Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive CNRS1919 route de Mende34293 Montpellier cedex 5France departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología University of SevilleApdo 1095.41080 SevilleSpain

Aims Habitat fragmentation impacts the spatial extent and isolation of local populations and communities.Although the biological consequences of these impacts have been well studied at the site level,effects directly related to changes in the spatial configuration of populations in the landscape remain less clear.The objective of this study is to examine how changes in the spatial-scale configuration of populations are associated with variability in morph rations in the floral polymorphic Mediterranean geophyte Narcissus assoanus.Methods We performed a nested analysis of morph ratio variation at three spatial scales:a 50×50 km regional scale in SE France,in fourteen 1×1 km landscapes located in the same region,and within 12 spatially extensive population patches.We also quantified variation in the behaviour of pollinators in population patches of contrasting spatial configuration.Important FindingsAt a regional scale,morph ratios show a geographic pattern of increasing isoplethy(1:1 morph ratio)away from centres of human population development and in upland pastures.At the landscape scale,isoplethy of local population patches is more correlated with decreased isolation among patches than with patch size.Finally,within local isoplethic populations,small patches can show significantly biased morph ratios.In small isolated patches,pollinators perform shorter flight distances among consecutive flower visits than in spatially extensive patches.This study of variation in a genetic polymorphism at multiple spatial scales provides new insights into the scale-dependent effects of habitat fragmentation and the potential occurrence of metapopulation dynamics in natural plant populations.

关键词： flower polymorphism habitat fragmentation Mediterranean Narcissus stigma-height polymorphism

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Beyond dichotomies in species and speciation

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National Science Review 2022年第12期9卷 15-17页

作者： Jeffrey L.Feder Patrik Nosil department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame centre d'ecologie fonctionnelle et evolutive University MontpellierCNRS EPHE IRD

Speciation is not as mysterious as d arwin once described it [1].Nevertheless,important questions remain.As discussed by Wu[2] and highlighted in a series of papers in National Science Review (NSR),these issues equate with imposing dichotomous perspectives on speciation,when the nature of species and the processes creating them can complicate discrete categorization.

关键词： dIVERGENCE EVOLUTION AdAPTATION INVERSIONS CONTINUUM RACE

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Changing assembly processes during a primary succession of plant communities on Mediterranean roadcuts

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第1期6卷 19-28页

作者： Valerie Raevel Francxois Munoz Virginie Pons Alain Renaux Arnaud Martin John d.Thompson Universite Montpellier 2 and CNRS Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et EvolutiveUMR 51751919 route de Mende34293 Montpellier Cedex 5France Universite´Montpellier 2 botAnique et bioinforMatique de l’Architecture des PlantesTA A-51/PS234398 Montpellier Cedex 5France

Aims Studying plant ecological succession provides insights into the spatiotemporal processes underlying community assembly and is of primary importance for restoration ecology.We investigate here colonization events and local community assembly over an original primary succession occurring on roadcuts after roadwork.For this,we addressed both the changes in species presence–absence(incidence data)to highlight pre-establishment filters and in species relative abundances to further assess the influence of local biotic processes.Methods We studied 43 limestone roadcuts in Mediterranean France,covering five age classes up to an age of 80 years,along with 13 natural cliffs as a reference,and we counted 14322 plant individuals on these sites.We applied a constrained nonsymmetric correspondence analysis of both the incidence(presence–absence)and abundance data to assess the variation of these data along the chronosequence.Important Findings Along the first 30 years,the initially abundant short-lived species declined both in terms of incidence and abundance and were replaced by longer lived herbaceous and woody species.This first phase was characterized by species that are widespread in the surrounding scrublands and was comparable to an early secondary succession there.After 30 years,there were continuing changes in incidence data with age,but no more significant change in species’abundances.This second phase was marked by the late colonization of specialists that did not become dominant.Although colonization and establishment limitation was thereby apparent for specialist species,a slow convergence of community composition toward the situation of natural cliffs could be detected in the older stages of the chronosequence.These findings convey insights into the natural dynamics of man-made outcrop plant communities and may be useful for the ecological management and restoration of such contexts.It also illustrates the interest of comparing incidence and abundance data to investigate the relative influence of ecological

关键词： primary succession roadcut colonization dynamics assembly rules Mediterranean environment non-symmetric correspondence analysis

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Maintaining Resources for Traditional Medicine: A Global Overview and a Case Study from Buganda (Uganda)

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植物分类与资源学报 2013年第4期35卷 407-423页

作者： Alan Hamilton Yildiz Aumeeruddy-Thomas Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences centre d' ecologie fonctionnelle et evolutive

Presentations at a session of the 13 th Congress of the International Society for ethnobiology ( ISE,May 2012) provided a global overview of'maintaining resources for traditional medicine'. Two themes received special attention,transmission of traditional medical knowledge and conservation of medicinal plants. The consensus at the well-attended session was that traditional medicine can play a useful role in primary healthcare,including for chronic complaints and spiritual problems. However,the use of traditional medicine is declining in many places. Some practical efforts at maintaining resources for traditional medicine are described. A case study for Buganda ( Uganda) , given in greater detail,shows that progress in maintaining resources for traditional medicine can be impeded by forces not directly related to its intrinsic merits. The value of making efforts to maintain resources for traditional medicine is discussed in relation to its contribution to biocultural conservation,much needed today to counter-balance the homogenising and ecologically destabilising influences of globalisation.

关键词：植物学植物分类植物演化植物生理学生物因素

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Seabirds in the Bay of Bengal large marine ecosystem: Current knowledge and research objectives

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Open Journal of Ecology 2013年第2期3卷 172-184页

作者： Ravichandra Mondreti Priya davidar Clara Péron david Grémillet department of Ecology and Environmental sciences Pondicherry University Kalapet India Equipe ecologie Spatiale des Populations CEFE-CNRS UMR 5175 Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive Montpellier France

Seabirds are good candidates as ecological indicators, especially in under-studied ecosystems since they provide insights into marine ecosystem processes and functions at various trophic levels. Our review discusses salient points on the present status of seabirds in the Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem;despite overall low seabird numbers and biomass, this region harbors 9 species of terns, one of the most threatened bird group worldwide, which are known to breed in various marine habitats of Andaman and Nicobar islands, in addition to the coastal areas of mainland. Further, we elaborate on employing seabirds as potential indicators of this ecosystem and how they outscore other taxa in this aspect. Finally, we argue that it is essentially to fill the gaps in our knowledge about the BOBLME, mainly about the interplay between seabirds, climate change and fisheries.

关键词： Biomass Climate Change Ecological Indicators Marine Pollution Primary Productivity Pelagic Trophic Level

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两型结实豆科植物种子休眠和萌发的差异:空间和时间上多样性的两头下注策略

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2021年第4期14卷 662-672页

作者： Ricardo Sanchez-Martin Jose Maria Gomez Pierre-Olivier Cheptou Rafael Rubio de Casas departamento Ecologia Vegetal Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificacion(CIDE-CSIC-UV-GV)Carretera de Moncada-Naquera Km 4546113 MoncadaValenciaSpain departamento de Ecologia Funcional y Evolutiva Estacion Experimental de Zonas AridasEEZA-CSICCtra.de Sacramento s/nLa Cañada de San Urbano04120 AlmeriaSpain centre d’ecologie fonctionnelle et evolutive(CEFE) CEFE UMR 5175CNRSUniversite de MontpellierUniversite Paul-Valery7 MontpellierEPHE1919 route de Mende34293 Montpellier Cedex 05France departamento de Ecologia Universidad de GranadaAvda.de Fuentenueva s/n18071 GranadaSpain

通过休眠而实现的在空间或时间上的传播是生物体对它们所经历的环境施加影响的主要过程之一。在植物中,由于这两种传播都是通过种子进行的,而且两者在适应性方面发挥的作用也是类似的,因此预测它们之间存在较强的进化相关性。在本研究中... 详细信息

通过休眠而实现的在空间或时间上的传播是生物体对它们所经历的环境施加影响的主要过程之一。在植物中,由于这两种传播都是通过种子进行的,而且两者在适应性方面发挥的作用也是类似的,因此预测它们之间存在较强的进化相关性。在本研究中,我们使用了两型结实的植株来研究这些进化相关性,这类植株能同时产生具有高度空间传播力的种子以及不会传播的地下种子。我们对经不同组合的休眠过程破坏处理(即干燥后熟、冷积层和物理划伤)后的种子的萌发百分比进行了评估,以研究两种两型结实豆科植物——野豌豆(Vicia amphicarpa L.)和山黧豆(Lathyrus amphicarpos L.),以及同它们亲缘关系很近的两种单型结实类群——救荒野豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)和红山黧豆(Lathyrus cicera L.)的飞播种子和地下种子在休眠和萌发方面的变化情况。研究结果表明,空间传播和时间传播之间存在着复杂的相互作用。在刚完成传播时,空播种子比地下种子更具休眠性,但当种子经后熟处理而开始物理休眠时,这种趋势也随之逆转。单型结实植株种子的萌发百分比高于其两型结实的同属植株,并在后熟处理后都同样失去了休眠性。相反,两型结实植株的种子则表现出同时受生理休眠和物理休眠调节的不同休眠性策略,预计这可能使出苗时间发生变化,从而提供了多层次多样化的两头下注策略(bet-hedging)。这一策略能够使植株依赖于丰产季中的历史有利区域而不阻碍空间和时间上的迁移,从而有可能在不可预测性很高的条件下具有适应性。

关键词：两型结实细胞休眠/定殖权衡两型结实豆科植物环境异质性种子休眠和萌发地中海环境

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Magnetic resonance imaging under isoflurane anesthesia alters cortical cyclooxygenase-2 expression and glial cell morphology during sepsis-associated neurological dysfunction in rats

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2021年第3期4卷 249-260页

作者： Ibtihel dhaya Marion Griton Jan Pieter Konsman INCIA Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'AquitaineCNRS UMR 5287BordeauxFrance Univ.Bordeaux INCIAUMR 5287BordeauxFrance Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie fonctionnelle et Pathologies UR/11ES09Facultédes Sciences MathématiquesPhysiques et NaturellesUniversitéde Tunis El ManarTunisTunisie Service de Réanimation Anesthésie Neurochirurgicale Centre Hospitalier Universitaire(CHU)de BordeauxBordeauxFrance

Background:Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)of rodents combined with histol-ogy allows to determine what mechanisms underlie functional and structural brain changes during sepsis-associated encephalopathy.However,the effects of MRI per-formed in isoflurane-anesthetized rodents on modifications of the blood-brain bar-rier and the production of vasoactive prostaglandins and glia cells,which have been proposed to mediate sepsis-associated brain dysfunction,are unknown.Methods:This study addressed the effect of MRI under isoflurane anesthesia on blood-brain barrier integrity,cyclooxygenase-2 expression,and glial cell activation during cecal ligature and puncture-induced sepsis-associated brain dysfunction in rats.Results:Cecal ligature and puncture reduced food intake and the righting reflex.MRI under isoflurane anesthesia reduced blood-brain barrier breakdown,decreased cir-cularity of white matter astrocytes,and increased neuronal cyclooxygenase-2 immu-noreactivity in the cortex 24 hours after laparotomy.In addition,it annihilated cecal ligature and puncture-induced increased circularity of white matter microglia.MRI under isoflurane anesthesia,however,did not alter sepsis-associated perivascular cyclooxygenase-2 induction.Conclusion:These findings indicate that MRI under isoflurane anesthesia of rodents can modify neurovascular and glial responses and should,therefore,be interpreted with caution.

关键词： anesthesia astrocyte blood-brain barrier magnetic resonance imaging microglia sepsis

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A TdG/CBP/RARα Ternary Complex Mediates the Retinoic Acid-dependent Expression of dNA Methylation-sensitive Genes

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2014年第1期12卷 8-18页

作者： Hélène Léger Caroline Smet-Nocca Amel Attmane-Elakeb Sara Morley-Fletcher Arndt G.Benecke Sebastian Eilebrecht Vaccine Research Institute INSERM U955Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale Institut des Hautes tudes Scientifiques Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et fonctionnelle–CNRS umr 8576 Group of NMR and Structural BiologyUniversité Lille 1 Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et fonctionnelle–CNRS umr 8576 Neuroplasticity TeamUniversité Lille 1 CNRS umr 7224 Université Pierre et Marie Curie

The thymine dNA glycosylase （TdG） is a multifunctional enzyme,which is essential for embryonic development.It mediates the base excision repair （BER） of G：T and G：U dNA mismatches arising from the deamination of 5-methyl cytosine （5-MeC） and cytosine,respectively.Recent studies have pointed at a role of TdG during the active demethylation of 5-MeC within CpG islands.TdG interacts with the histone acetylase CREB-binding protein （CBP） to activate CBP-dependent transcription.In addition,TdG also interacts with the retinoic acid receptor α （RARα）,resulting in the activation of RARα target genes.Here we provide evidence for the existence of a functional ternary complex containing TdG,CBP and activated RARα.Using global transcriptome profiling,we uncover a coupling of de novo methylation-sensitive and RA-dependent transcription,which coincides with a significant subset of CBP target genes.The introduction of a point mutation in TdG,which neither affects overall protein structure nor BER activity,leads to a significant loss in ternary complex stability,resulting in the deregulation of RA targets involved in cellular networks associated with dNA replication,recombination and repair.We thus demonstrate for the first time a direct coupling of TdG＇s epigenomic and transcription regulatory function through ternary complexes with CBP and RARα.

关键词： CREB-binding protein Thymine dNA glycosylase Retinoic acid receptor α Transcription regulation Cytosine dNA methylation Epigenomics

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Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pets,captive non-human primates and farm animals in Central Africa

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第5期15卷 232-235页

作者： Gael d.Maganga Barthelemy Ngoubangoye Jumafra P.Koumba Sonia Lekana-douki Ivan C.Moussadji Kinga Thierry A.Tsoumbou Antoine M.Mbeang Beyeme Telstar G.Ndong Mebaley Jean-Bernard Lekana-douki centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Medicales de Franceville(CIRMF) Unite Emergence des Maladies ViralesBP 769FrancevilleGabon Institut National Superieur d’Agronomie et de Biotechnologies(INSAB) Universite des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku(USTM)BP 941FrancevilleGabon Universite de Lyon Universite Lyon 1CNRSLaboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie evolutive UMR 555869622 VilleurbanneFrance LabEx ECOFECT Eco-evolutionary Dynamics of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of LyonLyonFrance

It has been reported that the host of SARS-CoV-2 can be extremely wide due to the conservation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in mammals[1].Several studies have reported natural or experimental infection with SARS-CoV-2 in pets,farm and captive wild animals[2-4].However,to the best of our knowledge,there was no published study assessing virus circulation among domestic or captive animals in Central,West and East Africa.In this study,we assessed the presence and circulation of SARS-CoV-2 or other betacoronaviruses in pets,livestock and animals kept in captivity in conservation centers in Haut-Ogoouéprovince,southeastern Gabon.

关键词： Central southeastern Africa

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Size fractions of organic matter pools influence their stability: Application of the Rock-Eval® analysis to beech forest soils

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Pedosphere 2022年第4期32卷 565-575页

作者： david SEBAG Eric P.VERRECCHIA Thierry AdATTE Michael AUBERT Guillaume CAILLEAU Thibaud dECAENS Isabelle KOWALEWSKI Jean TRAP Fabrice BUREAU Mickael HEddE Normandie Univ Universitéde Rouen Normandie(UNIROUEN)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS)M2CRouen 76000France Institute of Earth Surface dynamics(IdYST) GeopolisUniversity of LausanneLausanne 1015Switzerland Institut Français du Pétrole Energies Nouvelles(IFPEN) Earth Sciences and Environmental Technologies DivisionRueil-Malmaison 92852France Institute of Earth Sciences(ISTE) GeopolisUniversity of LausanneLausanne 1015Switzerland Normandie Univ Universitéde Rouen Normandie(UNIROUEN)Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculturel'Alimentation et l'Environnement(INRAE)LaboratoireÉtude et COmpréhension de la bioDIVersité(ECODIV)Rouen 76000France Laboratory of Microbiology Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtel 2000Switzerland centre d'ecologie fonctionnelle et evolutive(CEFE) Universitéde MontpellierCNRSEcole Pratique des Hautes Etudes(EPHE)Institut de Recherche pour le Développement(IRD)Montpellier 34000France Eco&Sols INRAEIRDUniversitéde MontpellierMontpellier 34000France

Soil organic matter (SOM) is a complex heterogeneous mixture formed through decomposition and organo-mineral interactions, and characterization of its composition and biogeochemical stability is challenging. From this perspective, Rock-Eval® is a rapid and efficient thermal analytical method that combines the quantitative and qualitative information of SOM, including several parameters related to thermal stability. This approach has already been used to monitor changes in organic matter (OM) properties at the landscape, cropland, and soil profile scales. This study was aimed to assess the stability of SOM pools by characterizing the grain size fractions from forest litters and topsoils using Rock-Eval® thermal analysis. Litter (organic) and topsoil samples were collected from a beech forest in Normandy (France), whose management in the last 200 years has been documented. Fractionation by wet sieving was used to separate large debris (> 2 000 μm) and coarse (200–2 000 μm) and fine particulate OM (POM) (50–200 μm) in the organic samples as well as coarse (200–2 000 μm), medium (50–200 μm), and fine (de thermal parameters sensitive enough to study fine-scale soil processes. In the organic layers, quantitative and qualitative changes were explained by the progressive decomposition of labile organic compounds from plant debris to the finest organic particles. Meanwhile, the grain size fractions of topsoils presented different characteristics. The coarse organo-mineral fractions showed higher C contents, albeit with a different composition, higher thermal stability, and greater decomposition degree than the plant debris forming the organic layer. These results are consistent with those of previous studies that microbial activity is more effective in this fraction. The finest fractions of topsoils showed low C contents, the highest thermal stability, and low decomposition degree, which can be explained by the stronger interactions with the mineral ma

关键词： aggregate decomposition litter organo-mineral interaction plant-microbe-soil continuum soil organic matter thermal analysis topsoil

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