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Impact of single annual treatment and four-monthly treatment for hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoides,and factors associated with residual infection among Kenyan school children

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 249-260页

作者： Stella Kepha Charles S.Mwandawiro Roy M.Anderson Rachel L.Pullan Fred Nuwaha Jorge Cano Sammy M.Njenga Maurice R.Odiere Elizabeth Allen Simon J.Brooker Birgit Nikolay School of public health Makerere University College of Health SciencesKampalaUganda Eastern and Southern Africa centre of International Parasite Control Kenya Medical Research Institute(KEMRI)NairobiKenya London centre for Neglected Tropical Disease research Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine LondonUK centre for Global health research KEMRIKisumuKenya KEMRI-Wellcome Trust research Programme NairobiKenya

Background:School-based deworming is widely implemented in various countries to reduce the burden of soil-transmitted helminths(STHs),however,the frequency of drug administration varies in different *** this study,we compared the impact of a single annual treatment and 4-monthly treatment over a follow-up among Kenyan school children,and investigated the factors associated with residual ***:We performed a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial investigating whether deworming for STHs alters risk of acquiring *** received either a single treatment or 4-monthly albendazole treatments were followed longitudinally from February 2014 to October *** relative impact of treatment and factors associated with residual infections were investigated using mixed-effects regression *** to infection was assessed based on Spearman’s rank and Kendall’s Tau correlation ***:In the 4-monthly treatment group,the proportion of children infected with hookworm decreased from 59.9 to 5.7%,while Ascaris lumbricoides infections dropped from 55.7 to 6.2%.In the single treatment group,hookworm infections decreased over the same time period from 58.7 to 18.3%(12.6%absolute difference in reduction,95%CI:8.9-16.3%),and *** from 56.7 to 23.3%(17.1%absolute difference in reduction,95%CI:13.1-21.1%).There was strong evidence for predisposition to both STH *** hookworm infection among children on 4-monthly treatment were associated with male sex and baseline nutritional status,whereas *** infection was associated with individual and school-level infection at baseline,latrine cleanliness at ***:This study found that 4-monthly treatment w more effective than single annual *** treatments led to dramatic reductions in the intensities of STHs,but did not completely clear infections among school children in Kenya,a presumed reflection of reinfection in a setti

关键词： School-based deworming Soil-transmitted helminths Albendazole School children Kenya

Greenness and Asthma in the Middle-Aged and Elderly Population in a Prospective Cohort Study—China,2011–2018

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China CDC weekly 2022年第42期4卷 931-935,I0002页

作者： Jiawei Wang Teng Yang Zhihu Xu Jianbo Jin Yuxin Wang Guoxing Li Jing Huang Department of Occupational and Environmental health Sciences Peking University School of Public HealthBeijingChina Environmental research Group MRC Centre for Environment and HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK Deep Medicine Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK

Summary What is already known about this topic?Greenness,which refers to the density of vegetated land,has been identified as an essential component of a healthy built environment for human *** environment plays a critical role in the progression of early-onset or late-onset *** is added by this report?Based on the China health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2018,this study indicates a negative association between greenness and asthma in the middle-aged and elderly population.

关键词： asthma Middle Population

Strengthening breast cancer services in Vietnam:a mixed-methods study

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Global health research and Policy 2019年第1期4卷 394-404页

作者： Chris Jenkins Tran Thu Ngan Nguyen Bao Ngoc Tran Bich Phuong Lynne Lohfeld Michael Donnelly Hoang Van Minh Liam Murray centre for public health Queen’s University BelfastRoyal Victoria Hospital SiteInstitute of Clinical Sciences Block BGrosvenor RoadBelfast BT126BJUK centre for Population Sciences Hanoi University of Public HealthHanoiVietnam

Background:Incidence of breast cancer has increased in Vietnam over the past two decades,but little data exists to inform policy and *** study examined the organisation and delivery of breast cancer services in Vietnam in order to address the lack of data on detection,diagnosis and ***:We gathered quantitative and qualitative data using an adapted survey-based Service Availability and Readiness Assessment(SARA)tool and semi-structured interviews from healthcare providers in 69 healthcare facilities about the experience and challenges of delivering breast cancer *** conducted our study across four levels of the health system in three provinces in ***:The analysis of our data show that a number of areas require strengthening particularly in relation to service availability and service ***,healthcare providers across all levels of the health system reported that service provision was constrained by a lack of resources both in relation to health infrastructure and training for healthcare ***,access to timely diagnosis and treatment is limited due to services only being available at the top two levels of the health *** living outside the immediate vicinity of such facilities tend to find access more costly and time-consuming,and there is a need to investigate the social,economic,geographic and cultural barriers that may prevent women from accessing ***:Our study suggests that there is a need to strengthen lower levels of the Vietnamese health system in relation to the detection of breast *** of some services such as clinical breast examination,advice on self-examination,and conducting ultrasound tests(supported with appropriate training and capacity-building of healthcare providers)at commune and district levels of the health system may reduce the overcrowding and service-delivery burden experienced in provincial and national-level *** lower le

关键词： Breast Cancer Vietnam health systems Cancer NCDs

A systematic review of objective burn scar measurements

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Burns & Trauma 2016年第2期4卷 90-122页

作者： Kwang Chear Lee Janine Dretzke Liam Grover Ann Logan Naiem Moiemen The Healing Foundation Burn research centre University Hospital Birmingham Foundation TrustBirmingham B152THUK School of clinical and Experimental Medicine College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK public health Epidemiology and BiostatisticsInstitute of Applied Health ResearchCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK School of Chemical Engineering University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK School of clinical and Experimental Medicine College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK The Healing Foundation Burn research centre University Hospital Birmingham Foundation TrustBirmingham B152THUK

Background:Problematic scarring remains a challenging aspect to address in the treatment of burns and can significantly affect the quality of life of the burn *** present,there are few treatments available in the clinic to control adverse scarring,but experimental pharmacological anti-scarring strategies are now beginning to *** comparative success must be based on objective measurements of scarring,yet currently the clinical assessment of scars is not carried out systematically and is mostly based on subjective review of ***,several techniques and devices are being introduced that allow objective analysis of the burn *** aim of this article is to evaluate various objective measurement tools currently available and recommend a useful panel that is suitable for use in clinical trials of anti-scarring ***:A systematic literature search was done using the Web of Science,PubMed and Cochrane *** identified devices were then classified and grouped according to the parameters they *** tools were then compared and assessed in terms of inter-and intra-rater reproducibility,ease of use and ***:After duplicates were removed,5062 articles were obtained in the *** further screening,157 articles which utilised objective burn scar measurement systems or tools were *** scar measurement devices can be broadly classified into those measuring colour,metric variables,texture,biomechanical properties and pathophysiological ***:Objective scar measurement tools allow the accurate and reproducible evaluation of scars,which is important for both clinical and scientific ***,studies to evaluate their relative performance and merits of these tools are scarce,and there remain factors,such as itch and pain,which cannot be measured *** reviewing the available evidence,a panel of devices for objective scar measurement is recommended consisting of the 3D cameras(Eyk

关键词： Scar measurement Burn Objective measurement 3D camera Laser imaging High-frequency ultrasound image Colorimeter Cutometer

Acute cerebral small vessel disease: Classification, mechanism, and therapeutic implications

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2024年第21期137卷 2024 Sep 27页

作者： Yan Yuying Cheng Yajun Jiang Shuai Xu Mangmang Ye Chen Kwapong William Robert Tao Wendan Zhang Shuting Wardlaw Joanna M. Liu Ming Wu Bo Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China centre for clinical Brain Sciences UK Dementia Research Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK

The implementation and evaluation of HIV symptom management guidelines: A preliminary study in China

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2018年第4期5卷 315-321页

作者： Zheng Zhu Yan Hu Hui-wen Li Mei-juan Bao Lin Zhang Li-jun Zha Xue-hong Hou Hong-zhou Lu Fudan University School of Nursing ShanghaiChina Fudan University centre for Evidence-based Nursing:A Joanna Briggs Institute centre of excellence ShanghaiChina Shanghai public health clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University ShanghaiChina

Objective:The overarching objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of HIV symptom management guidelines in China in reducing the incidence and severity of symptoms and improving patients'quality of ***:We conducted a controlled,pre-and post-implementation design in the HIV/AIDS inpatient unit in *** recruited from November 2014 to February 2015 were in the intervention group and those from October 2013 to February 2014 were in the control *** were 74 patients in each *** in the intervention group received interventions based on the HIV symptom management *** symptom severity,depression,and quality of life were measured in two groups at baseline,week 4,and week ***:Totally 126 patients completed the research,65 in the intervention group and 61 in the control *** total symptom severity scores showed a statistically significant difference between groups across time(P0.05)in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group in week 8 without statistical *** multilevel growth mixture model indicated a greater increase in the total score of quality of life for the group treated according to the symptom management guidelines(P=0.04).Conclusion:The evidence-based HIV symptom management guidelines can improve a patient's quality of life and relieve negative *** guidelines can be applied in a similar context to other HIV/AIDS units or clinics.

关键词： Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Evidence-based nursing Evidence-based practice HIV Symptom management

Development,validation and comparison of multivariable risk scores for prediction of total stroke and stroke types in Chinese adults:a prospective study of 0.5 million adults

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第4期7卷 328-336,I0023-I0045页

作者： Matthew Chun Robert Clarke Tingting Zhu David Clifton Derrick A Bennett Yiping Chen Yu Guo Pei Pei Jun Lv Canqing Yu Ling Yang Liming Li Zhengming Chen Benjamin J Cairns 无 clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordOxfordUK Department of Biomedical Engineering Oxford-Suzhou Centre for Advanced ResearchSuzhouChina Medical research Council health research Unit Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK CKB Project Department Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesBeijingChina CKB Project Department Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina Department of Epidemiology Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and ResponseBeijingChina On behalf of the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group

Background and purpose Low-income and middle-income countries have the greatest stroke burden,yet remain *** study compared the utility of Framingham versus novel risk scores for prediction of total stroke and stroke types in Chinese *** China Kadoorie Biobank(CKB)is a prospective study of 512726 adults,aged 30-79 years,recruited from 10 areas in China in *** 1 January 2018,43234 incident first stroke cases(36310 ischaemic stroke(IS);8865 haemorrhagic stroke(HS))were recorded in 503842 participants with no history of stroke at *** compared the predictive utility of the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile(FSRP)with novel CKB stroke risk scores and included recalibration,refitting,stratifying by study area and addition of other risk *** was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)and calibration was assessed using Greenwood-Nam-D’Agostinoχ^(2) *** Incidence of total stroke varied fivefold by area in *** FSRP had good discrimination for total stroke(AUC(95%CI);men:0.78(0.77 to 0.79),women:0.77(95%CI 0.76 to 0.78)),but poor calibration(χ^(2);men:1,825,women:3,053),substantially underestimating absolute *** reducedχ^(2) by>80%,but did not improve *** the FSRP did not materially improve discrimination,but further improved *** by area improved discrimination(AUC;men:0.82(0.82 to 0.83);women:0.82(0.82 to 0.83)),but not *** other risk factors yielded modest,but statistically significant,improvements in the *** findings for IS and HS were similar to those for total *** The FSRP reliably differentiated Chinese adults with incident stroke,but substantially underestimated the absolute risks of *** local risk prediction equations that took account of differences in stroke incidence within China enhanced risk prediction of total stroke and major stroke pathological type

关键词： prediction income absolute

Recovery rates of combination antibiotic therapy using in vitro microdialysis simulating in vivo conditions

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018年第6期8卷 407-412页

作者： Jayesh A.Dhanani Suzanne L.Parker Jeffrey Lipman Steven C.Wallis Jeremy Cohen John Fraser Adrian Barnett Michelle Chew Jason A.Roberts Burns Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre The University of Queensland UQ Centre for Clinical Research Department of Intensive Care Medicine Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital Faculty of health Queensland University of Technology Critical Care research Group The University of Queensland Institute of health and Biomedical Innovation & School of public health and Social Work Queensland University of Technology Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care and Department of Medical and Health Sciences Link?ping University School of Pharmacy The University of Queensland Department of Pharmacy Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital

Microdialysis is a technique used to measure the unbound antibiotic concentration in the interstitial spaces, the target site of action. In vitro recovery studies are essential to calibrating the microdialysis system for in vivo studies. The effect of a combination of antibiotics on recovery into microdialysate requires investigation. In vitro microdialysis recovery studies were conducted on a combination of vancomycin and tobramycin, in a simulated in vivo model. Comparison was made between recoveries for three different concentrations and three different perfusate flow rates. The overall relative recovery for vancomycin was lower than that of tobramycin. For tobramycin, a concentration of 20μg/mL and flow rate of 1.0μL/min had the best recovery. A concentration of 5.0μg/mL and flow rate of 1.0μL/min yielded maximal recovery for vancomycin. Large molecular size and higher protein binding resulted in lower relative recoveries for vancomycin. Perfusate flow rates and drug concentrations affected the relative recovery when a combination of vancomycin and tobramycin was tested. Low perfusate flow rates were associated with higher recovery rates. For combination antibiotic measurement which includes agents that are highly protein bound, in vitro studies performed prior to in vivo studies may ensure the reliable measurement of unbound concentrations.

关键词： Microdialysis Combination antibiotic therapy Relative recovery rate Pharmacokinetics Anti-infectives Protein binding

Assessment of muscle strength in para-athletes:A systematic review of observational studies

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Sports Medicine and health Science 2022年第4期4卷 225-238页

作者： Sean R.O'Connor Kristina Fagher Samuel Williamson Babette M.Pluim Clare L.Ardern Dina C.Janse van Rensburg Neil Heron centre for public health Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK School of Psychology Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK Rehabilitation Medicine research Group Department of Health SciencesLund UniversityLundSweden English Institute of Sport ManchesterUK Royal Netherlands Lawn Tennis Association AmstelveenNetherlands Section Sports Medicine Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa Amsterdam collaboration on health&Safety in Sports(ACHSS) IOC Research Center of ExcellenceAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamNetherlands Department of Family Practice University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada Medical Board Member World NetballManchesterUK School of Medicine Keele UniversityStaffordshireUK

Accurate and reliable evaluation of muscle strength in para-athletes is essential for monitoring the effectiveness of strength training and/or rehabilitation programmes,and sport *** aim is to synthesise evidence related to assessing muscle strength in *** databases were searched from January 1990 to July 2021 for observational studies focusing on strength *** screening,data extraction,and quality assessment were performed in duplicate.A total of 1764 potential studies were *** met the inclusion criteria and were included in the *** mean age of participants was 30.7 years(standard deviation[SD]:2.4).The majority were men(88%)participating in wheelchair sports,including basketball,rugby,and tennis(23/30:76%).Overall quality varied,with more than half of the studies failing to identify strategies for dealing with confounding *** manual muscle testing being a standard component of para-sport classification systems,evidence examining strength characteristics in para-athletes is derived primarily from isometric and isokinetic *** studies that included comparative strength data,findings were *** studies found strength values were similar to or lower than able-bodied athletic ***,an important observation was that others reported higher shoulder strength in para-athletes taking part in wheelchair sports than both able-bodied and disabled *** need to develop accessible,standardised strength testing methods that account for training influence and establish normative strength values in *** is also a need for additional studies that include female para-athletes and para-athletes with greater functional impairments.

关键词： Systematic review Para-athletes Disabled sport Muscle strength Assessment