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Temporal Variations in Soil CO_2 Efflux Under Diferent Land Use Types in the Black Soil Zone of Northeast China

Pedosphere 2013年第5期23卷 636-650页

作者： HAN Xiao-Zeng LI Hai-Bo W. R. HORWATH National Field Research Station of agro-Ecosystem in Hailun Northeast Institute of Geography and Agro-ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Plant Sciences Jilin University of Agricultural Science and Technology Department of Land Air and Water Resources University of California

The quantification of soil CO2 effiux is crucial for better understanding the interactions between driving variables and C losses from black soils in Northeast China and for assessing the function of black soil as a net source or sink of atmospheric CO2 depending upon land use. This study investigated responses of soil CO2 effiux variability to soil temperature interactions with different soil moisture levels under various land use types including grassland, bare land, and arable （maize, soybean, and wheat） land in the black soil zone of Northeast China. The soil CO2 effiuxes with and without live roots, defined as the total CO2 efftux （FtS） and the root-free CO2 ei^lux （FrfS）, respectively, were measured from April 2009 to May 2010 using a static closed chamber technique with gas chromatography. The seasonal soil CO2 fluxes tended to increase from the beginning of the measurements until they peaked in summer and then declined afterwards. The mean seasonal FtS ranged from 20.3=h7.8 to 58.1~21.3 mg CO2-C m-2 h-1 for all land use types and decreased in the order of soybean land ~ grassland 〉 maize land ~ wheat land ） bare land, while the corresponding values of FrfS were relatively lower, ranging from 20.3~7.8 to 42.3~21.3 mg CO2-C m-2 h-1. The annual cumulative FtS was in the range of 107-315 g CO2-C m-2 across all land uses types. The seasonM CO2 effiuxes were significantly （P 〈： 0.001） sensitive to soil temperature at 10 cm depth and were responsible for up to 62% of the CO2 effiux variability. Correspondingly, the temperature coefficient Q10 values varied from 2.1 to 4.5 for the seasonal FtS and 2.2 to 3.9 for the FrfS during the growing season. Soil temperature interacting with soil moisture accounted for a significant fraction of the CO2 flux variability for FtS （up to 61%） and FrfS （up to 67%） via a well-defined multiple regression model, indicating that temperature sensitivity of C02 flux can be mediated by water availability, especially under water stress.

关键词： interaction root soil moisture temperature sensitivity water stress

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Effects of Double Harvesting on Heavy Metal Uptake by Six Forage Species and the Potential for Phytoextraction in Field

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Pedosphere 2016年第5期26卷 717-724页

作者： LI Ningyu GUO Bin LI Hua FU Qinglin FENG Renwei DING Yongzhen Institute of Soil and Fertilizer Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences agro-Environmental Protection Institute Ministry of Agriculture

The pollution of soils by heavy metals has dramatically increased in recent decades. Phytoextraction is a technology that extracts elements from polluted soils using hyperaccumulator plants. The selection of appropriate plant materials is an important factor for successful phytoextraction in field. A field study was conducted to compare the efficiency of six high-biomass forage species in their phytoextraction of heavy metals(Cd, Pb, and Zn) from contaminated soil under two harvesting strategies(double harvesting or single harvesting). Among the tested plants, amaranth accumulated the greatest amounts of Cd and Zn, whereas Rumex K^(-1) had the highest amount of Pb in the shoot under both double and single harvesting. Furthermore, double harvesting significantly increased the shoot biomass of amaranth, sweet sorghum and sudangrass and resulted in higher heavy metal contents in the shoot. Under double harvesting, the total amounts of extracted Cd, Pb and Zn(i.e., in the first plus second crops) for amaranth were 945, 2 650 and 12 400 g ha^(-1), respectively, the highest recorded among the six plant species. The present results indicate that amaranth has great potential for the phytoextraction of Cd from contaminated soils. In addition, the double harvesting method is likely to increase phytoextraction efficiency in practice.

关键词： amaranth harvesting strategy high-biomass hyperaccumulator plant soil pollution

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Transgene inheritance and quality improvement by expressing novel HMW glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) genes in winter wheat

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第8期48卷 771-776页

作者： ZHANG Xiaodong, LIANG Rongqi, CHEN Xqing, YANG Fengping & ZHANG Liquan Beijing agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Ag-ricultural & Forestry Science, Beijing 100089, China Correspondence should be addressed to Zhang Xiaodong (e-mail: zhangxd@***) Beijing agro-Biotechnology Research Center Beijing Academy of Agricultural & Forestry Science China

The expression vector pBPC30, which carries the high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) 1Dx5 and 1Dy10 genes, was transferred into hexaploid winter wheat cv. Jinghua No. 1, Jing411 and Jingdong No. 6 ex-plants of immature embryos and immature inflorescence by particle bombardment. A large number of resistant trans-genic plants were obtained under the selection of herbicide bialaphos or phosphinothricin (PPT). Confirmed transgenic plants of T0 generation showed successful integration of HMW-GS genes and bar gene into the wheat genome. T1 generation of transgenic plants can resist 20150 mg/L PPT. Protein analysis of T2 seed by SDS-PAGE showed that HMW-GS 1Dx5 and 1Dy10 genes were well expressed in offspring seed of transgenic lines by co-expression with or substitution of endogenous 1Dx2 or 1Dy10. In one transgenic line, TG3-74, a new protein band between endogenous pro-tein subunits 7 and 8 (marked as 8*) of glutenin appeared, but endogenous subunit 8 (encoded by 1By8 gene) was ab-sent. Analysis of gluten rheological quality on seed proteins of 102 T3 plants showed that the sedimentation value of 5 transgenic lines (44.249.0 mL) was remarkably improved, 59.6%64.3% higher than that of wild type Jinghua No. 1 and Jingdong No. 6, similar to bread wheat Cheyenne (48.0 mL). Analysis of dough rheological properties of transgenic lines showed that the dough stable time of 5 transgenic lines range from 16 to 30 min, whereas the dough stable time of wild type was only between 37 min. Our research suggests that introducing novel HMW-GS genes into wheat is an effi-cient way to improve its bread-making quality.

关键词：转基因技术麦谷蛋白冬小麦基因表达

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Response of root morphology, physiology and endogenous hormones in maize(Zea mays L.) to potassium deficiency

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第4期15卷 785-794页

作者： ZHAO Xin-hua YU Hai-qiu WEN Jing WANG Xiao-guang DU Qi WANG Jing WANG Qiao College of agronomy Shenyang Agricultural University agro-Biotechnology Research Institute Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Potassium （K） deficiency is one of the major abiotic stresses which has drastically influenced maize growth and yield around the world. However, the physiological mechanism of K deficiency tolerance is not yet fully understood. To identify the differences of root morphology, physiology and endogenous hormones at different growing stages, two maize inbred lines 90-21-3 （tolerance to K deficiency） and D937 （sensitive to K deficiency） were cultivated in the long-term K fertilizer experimental pool under high potassium （＋K） and low potassium （-K） treatments. The results indicated that the root length, volume and surface area of 90-21-3 were significantly higher than those of D937 under -K treatment at different growing stages. It was noteworthy that the lateral roots of 90-21-3 were dramatically higher than those of D937 at tasselling and flowering stage under-K treatment. Meanwhile, the values of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and oxidizing force of 90-21-3 were apparently higher than those of D937, whereas malondialdehyde （MDA） content of D937 was obviously increased. Compared with ＋K treatment, the indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） content of 90-21-3 was largely increased under-K treatment, whereas it was sharply decreased in D937. On the contrary, abscisic acid （ABA） content of 90-21-3 was slightly increased, but that of D937 was significantly increased. The zeatin riboside （ZR） content of 90-21-3 was significantly decreased, while that of D937 was relatively increased. These results indicated that the endogenous hormones were stimulated in 90-21-3 to adjust lateral root development and to maintain the physiology function thereby alleviating K deficiency.

关键词： potassium deficiency maize root morphology physiological variation endogenous hormone

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Effects on the local symptoms of subgenomic RNAs expressions and their translational products of Tobacco necrosis virus A Chinese isolate

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第11期53卷 1682-1690页

作者： LI Jiang LI Min LI Cui GAO Yang LI DaWei HAN ChengGui YU JiaLin State Key Laboratory of agro-Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China

Based on a full-length infectious cDNA clone, gene modifications of Tobacco necrosis virus A Chinese isolate (TNV-AC) were made by site-directed mutagenesis or nucleotide deletions for in vitro transcrip-tion of mutant viral RNAs. Mechanical inoculations of Chenopodium amaranticolor with in vitro tran-scripts, containing a single nucleic acid substitution at the presumed transcriptional start sites for the two subgenomic (sg) RNAs, showed that the sgRNA1 and sgRNA2 of TNV-AC were initiated at G2184 or G2460, respectively. Mutagenesis of the translational initiation-codons for the open-reading frame (ORF) P8 or P6 encoded by sgRNA1 indicated that each of the two genes was essential for formation of local lesions on C. amaranticolor leaves, perhaps by blocking virus cell-to-cell movement, but were not necessary for viral RNA replication in the protoplast of tobacco cell BY-2. Results of prokaryotic expression showed that the ORF coding for coat protein on TNV-AC sgRNA2 was initiatively translated by the first AUG codon at nucleotides 2612―2614. Site-directed mutation of translational start codons, and deletion of the entire coding region, showed that the intact TNV-AC coat protein was dispensable for establishment of TNV-AC infection in C. amaranticolor, otherwise the numbers of local lesions and the viral RNA accumulation level were reduced, or the time to symptom appearance significantly delayed. These results suggested that the nucleotide sequence around the translational start codon coding for TNV-AC coat protein gene may play an important role in the local symptoms. Aspects of the involve-ment of the coat protein in the TNV-AC life cycle were discussed.

关键词：烟草坏死病毒A RNAs 染色体基因表达

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Qualitative and quantitative analysis ofβ-sitosterol marker in virgin camellia oil and virgin olive oil

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Food Quality and Safety 2023年第4期7卷 579-587页

作者：李阳吴旻谕翟量张辉沈立荣 National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of AgricultureKey Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of AgricultureZhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food ProcessingFuli Institute of Food ScienceCollege of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Zhejiang UniversityJiaxingChina

Camellia oil and olive oil with superior economic value are easily adulterated with other,cheaper *** is difficult to identify both oils by traditional methods because of their similar fatty acid *** the present study,a novel method for qualitative and quantitative analysis ofβ-sitosterol using GC/MS and GC/FID was developed to identify camellia oil and olive *** method validation ofβ-sitosterol analysis showed good linearity and satisfactory values for recovery,accuracy,precision,and *** linear regression coefficient(R^(2))of the calibration curve was *** acceptable limit of detection(0.36 mg/100 g)and limit of quantification(1.20 mg/100 g)were *** spiked recoveries were 95.0%to 100.3%.The relative standard deviation(RSD)of within-day precision was less than 3.26%,and the RSD of retention times and peak areas for repeatability were within 0.03%and 1.08%,*** contents ofβ-sitosterol in virgin camellia oil and virgin olive oil were in the range of 14.1–30.2 mg/100 g and 94.3–173.2 mg/100 g,respectively,indicating that theβ-sitosterol content in the former is seven times that in the latter,andβ-sitosterol could be a potential marker for the authentication and adulteration detection of both oils.

关键词： β-Sitosterol virgin camellia oil(VCO) virgin olive oil(VOO) qualitative analysis quantitative analysis

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Changes in energetic profile of pregnant ewes in relation with the composition of the fetal fluids

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第3期6卷 256-258页

作者： Samia Haffaf Bouabdellah Benallou Institute of agro-Veterinary Sciences University of Batna Institute of Veterinary Sciences University of Tiaret

Objective: To evaluate the energetic profile of fetal fluids and to make comparisons of the concentrations of the constituents present with those in the maternal ***: A study was conducted in 102 gravid sheep uteri. The four stages of gestation as Stage I(0–60 days), Stage II(61–90 days), Stage III(91–120 days) and Stage IV(121–145 days) were identified based on the crown anus length of the embryo/fetus. The amniotic and allantoic fluids collected from the gravid uteri of each group were subjected to biochemical analysis of glucose, cholesterol and ***: The levels of glucose and triglyceride in maternal plasma were lower(P 0.05) of plasma cholesterol levels was detected between the sampling ***, cholesterol concentrations of fetal fluids were higher in Stages III and IV of pregnancy when compared with the Stages I and ***: The influence of pregnancy on the biochemical composition of fetal fluids was statistically significant.

关键词： Energetic profile Fetal fluid Ewes Pregnancy

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Pepper mild mottle virus coat protein interacts with pepper chloroplast outer envelope membrane protein OMP24 to inhibit antiviral immunity in plants

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Horticulture Research 2023年第5期10卷 16-28页

作者： Kelei Han Hongying Zheng Dankan Yan Huijie Zhou Zhaoxing Jia Yushan Zhai Jian Wu Yuwen Lu Guanwei Wu Shaofei Rao Jianping Chen Jiejun Peng Rende Qi Fei Yan State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of agro-products Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315211China Institute of Plant Protection and agro-Products Safety Anhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefeiAnhui 230031China

Pepper mild mottle virus(PMMoV)is a devastating viral pathogen of pepper(Capsicum annuum)but it is unclear whether and how peppers protect against PMMoV *** expression of the chloroplast outer membrane protein 24(OMP24)of *** was upregulated under PMMoV infection and it interacted with PMMoV coat protein(CP).Silencing of OMP24 in either *** or Nicotiana benthamiana facilitated PMMoV infection,whereas overexpression of *** OMP24 in transgenic plants inhibited PMMoV *** *** OMP24(CaOMP24)and *** OMP24(NbOMP24)localized to the chloroplast and have a moderately hydrophobic transmembrane domain that is necessary for their *** of CaOMP24 induced stromules,perinuclear chloroplast clustering,and accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),the typical defense responses of chloroplasts transferring the retrograde signaling to the nucleus to regulate resistance *** expression of PR1 and PR2 was also upregulated significantly in plants overexpressing ***-interaction of OMP24 was demonstrated and was required for OMP24-mediated plant *** with PMMoV CP interfered with the self-interaction of OMP24 and impaired OMP24-induced stromules,perinuclear chloroplast clustering and ROS *** results demonstrate the defense function of OMP24 in pepper during viral infection and suggest a possible mechanism by which PMMoV CP modulates the plant defense to facilitate viral infection.

关键词： outer immunity envelope

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Evapotranspiration and Its Energy Exchange in Alpine Meadow Ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第8期12卷 1396-1401页

作者： LI Jie JIANG Sha WANG Bin JIANG Wei-wei TANG Yan-hong DU Ming-yuan GU Song College of Life Science Nankai University National Institute for Environmental Studies National Institute for agro-Environmental Sciences

To understand the water and energy exchange on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, we explored the characteristics of evapotranspiration （ET） and energy fluxes from 2002 to 2005 over a Kobresia meadow ecosystem using the eddy covariance method. The ratio of annual ET to precipitation （P） of meadow ecosystem was about 60%, but varied greatly with the change of season from summer to winter. The annual ET/P in meadow was lower than that in shrub, steppe and wetland ecosystems of this plateau. The incident solar radiation （Rs） received by the meadow was obviously higher than that of lowland in the same latitude; however the ratio of net radiation （Rn） to Rs with average annual value of 0.44 was significantly lower than that in the same latitude. The average annual ET was about 390 mm for 2002-2005, of which more than 80% occurred in growing season from May to September. The energy consumed on the ET was about 44% of net radiation in growing season, which was lower than that of shrub, steppe and wetland on this plateau. This study demonstrates that the Kobresia meadow may prevent the excessive water loss through evapotranspiration from the ecosystem into the atmosphere in comparison to the shrub, steppe and wetland ecosystems of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： eddy covariance evapotranspiration net radiation precipitation Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Physiological,transcriptome and gene functional analysis provide novel sights into cadmium accumulation and tolerance mechanisms in kenaf

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 500-514页

作者： Shan Cao Meng Wang Jiao Pan Dengjie Luo Samavia Mubeen Caijin Wang Jiao Yue Xia Wu Qijing Wu Hui Zhang Canni Chen Muzammal Rehman Sichen Xie Ru Li Peng Chen Guangxi Key Laboratory of agro-environment and Agric-products safety Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and BreedingCollege of AgricultureGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical agro-bioresources College of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China

Kenaf is considered to have great potential for remediation of heavy metals in ***,studies on molecular mechanisms of root Cd accumulation and tolerance are still *** this study,two differently tolerant kenaf cultivars were selected as materials and the physiological and transcriptomic effects were evaluated under Cd *** study showed that 200μmol/L CdCl_(2) treatment triggered the reactive oxygen species(ROS)explosion and membrane lipid *** with the Cd-sensitive cultivar‘Z',the Cd-tolerant cultivar‘F'was able to resist oxidative stress in cells by producing higher antioxidant enzyme activities and increasing the contents of ascorbic acid(AsA)and glutathione(GSH).The root cell wall of‘F'exhibited higher polysaccharide contents under Cd treatment,providing more Cd-binding *** were 3,439 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)that were co-regulated by Cd treatment in two *** biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were significantly enriched by functional annotation *** associated with pectin,cellulose,and hemi-cellulose metabolism were involved in Cd chelation of root cell wall;V-ATPases,ABCC3 and Narmp3 could participated in vacuolar compartmentalization of Cd;PDR1 was responsible for Cd effux;the organic acid transporters contributed to the absorption of Cd in *** genes might have played key roles in kenaf Cd tolerance and Cd ***,HcZIP2 was identified to be involved in Cd uptake and transport in *** findings provide a deeper understanding of the molecular pathways underlying Cd accumulation and detoxification mechanisms in kenaf.

关键词： Kenaf Cd stress Physiological Transcriptome HcZIP2

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