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Effect of Biochar Addition on Maize Growth and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Acidic Red Soils

Pedosphere 2014年第6期24卷 699-708页

作者： ZHU Qiao-Hong PENG Xin-Hua HUANG Tai-Qing XIE Zu-Bin N.M.HOLDEN State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences ucd school of Biosystems Engineering Agriculture and Food Science CentreUniversity College Dublin

Biochar added to soil can improve crop growth through both direct and indirect effects, particularly in acidic, highly weathered soils in subtropical and tropical regions. However, the mechanisms of biochar improving crop growth are not well understood. The objectives of this study were i) to determine the crop responses to biochar addition and ii) to understand the effect of biochar addition on N use efficiency. Seven acidic red soils varying in texture, p H, and soil nutrient were taken from southern China and subjected to four treatments: zero biochar and fertilizer as a control(CK), 10 g kg-1biochar(BC), NPK fertilizers(NPK), and 10 g kg-1biochar plus NPK fertilizers(BC+NPK).15N-labeled fertilizer was used as a tracer to assess N use efficiency. After a 46-d pot experiment,biochar addition increased soil p H and available P, and decreased soil exchangable Al3+, but did not impact soil availabe N and cation exchange capacity(P > 0.05). The N use efficiency and N retained in the soil were not significantly affected by biochar application except for the soil with the lowest available P(3.81 mg kg-1) and highest exchanageable Al3+(4.54 cmol kg-1). Greater maize biomass was observed in all soils amended with biochar compared to soils without biochar(BC vs. CK, BC+NPK vs. NPK). This agronomic effect was negatively related to the concentration of soil exchangeable Al3+(P < 0.1). The results of this study implied that the liming effect of biochar improved plant growth through alleviating Al toxicity and P deficiency, especially in poor acidic red soils.

关键词： agronomic effect AI toxicity liming effect, ^15N labeling P deficiency

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Development of Pasteuria penetrans in Meloidogyne javanica females as affected by constantly high vs fluctuating temperature in an in-vivo system

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2005年第3期6卷 155-157页

作者： DARBAN D.A. GOWEN S.R PEMBROKE B. MAHAR A.N Department of agriculture school of agriculture Policy and Development The University of Reading UK Department of Agriculture School of Agriculture Policy and Development The University of Reading UKDepartment of Agriculture School of Agriculture Policy and Development The University of Reading UKDepartment of Agriculture School of Agriculture Policy and Development The University of Reading UK

Growth room and glasshouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of constant and fluctuating tem- peratures on the development of Pasteuria penetrans a hyperparasite of root-knot nematodes. Tomato plants (Lycopersicon es- culentum Mill) were inoculated with Meloidogyne javanica second-stage juveniles attached with endospores of P. penetrans and were grown in growth room at 26?29 °C and in glasshouse at 20?32 °C. The tomato plants were sampled from the growth room after 600 degree-days based on 17 °C/d, accumulating each day above a base temperature of 10 °C and from the glasshouse after 36 calendar days. Temperature affected the development of P. penetrans directly. The rate of development at constant temperature in growth room was faster than that in the glasshouse at fluctuating temperatures.

关键词： Pasteuria penetrans Meloidogyne javanica Development and tomato plants

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Nitrous oxide fluxes from upland soils in central Hokkaido,Japan

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第11期20卷 1312-1322页

作者： Sonoko D.KIMURA Yo TOMA Ryusuke HATANO Graduate school of agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyTokyo 183-8509Japan Graduate school of agriculture Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-8589Japan

Nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes from soils were measured using the closed chamber method during the snow-free seasons (middle April to early November),for three years,in a total of 11 upland crop fields in central Hokkaido,*** annual mean N2O fluxes ranged from 2.95 to 164.17 μgN/(m2·h),with the lowest observed in a grassland and the highest in an onion *** instantaneous N2O fluxes showed a large temporal variation with peak emissions generally occurring following fertilization and heavy rainfall eve...

关键词： mineral N pool N2O flux soil upland cropping system

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Two paths, one goal: mechanism of calcium homeostasis to balance plant growth and immunity

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期 306-308页

作者： Aziz Ul Ikram Yanping Jing Huan Chen Jian Chen International Genome Center Jiangsu University Joint Center for Single Cell Biology School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University

Calcium(Ca2+) is an essential nutrient and a cellular signal in plants. The level of free Ca2+in the apoplast is ～10,000-fold higher than that in the cytoplasm at the resting state. This large Ca2+level gradient across the membrane between the interior and exterior can cause Ca2+overload and toxicity. Plants have evolved mechanisms to export Ca2+out of the cytoplasm or store it in intracellular organelles, such as endoplasmic reticulum（ER）, mitochondria, and vacuole.

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Performance assessment and microbial diversity of two pilot scale multi-stage sub-surface flow constructed wetland systems

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第8期28卷 38-46页

作者： A.O.Babatunde Raul Miranda-Caso Luengo Mehreen Imtiaz Y.Q.Zhao Wim G.Meijer Hydro-environmental Research Centre Institute of Environment and Sustainability Cardiff School of Engineering Cardiff UniversityQueen's Buildings ucd school of Civil Structural and Environmental Engineering Newstead Building University College Dublin ucd school of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science Conway Institute University College Dublin

This study assessed the performance and diversity of microbial communities in multi-stage sub-surface flow constructed wetland systems（CWs）. Our aim was to assess the impact of configuration on treatment performance and microbial diversity in the systems. Results indicate that at loading rates up to 100 g BOD5/（m2·day）, similar treatment performances can be achieved using either a 3 or 4 stage configuration. In the case of phosphorus（P）, the impact of configuration was less obvious and a minimum of 80% P removal can be expected for loadings up to 10 g P/（m2·day） based on the performance results obtained within the first16 months of operation. Microbial analysis showed an increased bacterial diversity in stage four compared to the first stage. These results indicate that the design and configuration of multi-stage constructed wetland systems may have an impact on the treatment performance and the composition of the microbial community in the systems, and such knowledge can be used to improve their design and performance.

关键词： Constructed wetlands Microbial diversity Wastewater treatment

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Roles for the VCP co-factors Npl4 and Ufd1 in neuronal function in Drosophila melanogaster

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2017年第10期44卷 493-501页

作者： Dwayne J.Byrne Mark J.Harmon Jeremy C.Simpson Craig Blackstone Niamh C. O'Sullivan ucd school of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science UCD Conway Institute University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland ucd school of Biology and Environmental Science UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research University College Dublin Dublin 4Ireland Cell Biology Section Neurogenetics Branch National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA

The VCP-Ufd1-Npl4 complex regulates proteasomal processing within cells by delivering ubiquitinated proteins to the proteasome for *** in VCP are associated with two neurodegenerative diseases,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis（ALS） and inclusion body myopathy with Paget＇s disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia（IBMPFD）,and extensive study has revealed crucial functions of VCP within *** contrast,little is known about the functions of Npl4 or Ufd1 in *** neuronalspecific knockdown of Npl4 or Ufd1 in Drosophila melanogaster,we infer that Npl4 contributes to microtubule organization within developing motor ***,Npl4 RNAi flies present with neurodegenerative phenotypes including progressive locomotor deficits,reduced lifespan and increased accumulation of TAR DNA-binding protein-43 homolog（TBPH）.Knockdown,but not overexpression,of TBPH also exacerbates Npl4 RNAi-associated adult-onset neurodegenerative *** contrast,we find that neuronal knockdown of Ufd1 has little effect on neuromuscular junction（NMJ） organization,TBPH accumulation or adult *** findings suggest the differing neuronal functions of Npl4 and Ufd1 in vivo.

关键词： Proteasome TDP-43 accumulation Neurodegeneration Drosophila

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High-solids anaerobic mono-digestion of riverbank grass under thermophilic conditions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第2期29卷 29-38页

作者： Fetra J.Andriamanohiarisoamanana Nobuyuki Matsunami Takaki Yamashiro Masahiro Iwasaki Ikko Ihara Kazutaka Umetsu Graduate school of Animal and Food Hygiene Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Graduate school of agriculture Science Kobe University

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of high-solids anaerobic mono-digestion of riverbank grass under thermophilic conditions, focusing on the effects of the strength and the amount of inoculum. Ensiled grass was inoculated with three different inocula; inoculum from liquid anaerobic digester（LI）, inoculum from dry anaerobic digester（DI）, and mixture of LI and DI（MI）, at feedstock-to-inoculum ratio（FIR） of 1, 2 and 4. The ensiling process of riverbank grass reduced moisture content（p 〉 0.05）, while the hemicellulose content was significantly increased from 30.88% to 35.15%（p 〈 0.05）, on dry matter basis. The highest methane production was at an FIR of 2 with MI（167 L/kg VSadded）,which was significantly higher（p 〈 0.05） than with DI, but not significant compared to LI（p 〉 0.05）. At an FIR of 4, digesters inoculated with LI and DI failed to produce methane,whereas 135 LCH4/kg VSaddedwas obtained with MI. The kinetic studies showed that at an FIR of 1 with LI and MI, the inoculum had less of effects on the hydrolysis rate constant（0.269 day-1and 0.245 day-1） and methane production（135 versus 149 L/kg VSadded）; rather,it affected the lag phase. In a thermophilic HS-AD of riverbank grass, the mixture of inoculum with low and high total solids content（TS） helps increase the TS of inoculum and digestion process. An FIR of 2 was deducted to be the limit for a better startup time and higher volumetric productivity of methane.

关键词： Riverbank grass High-solids anaerobic digestion Inoculum Feedstock-to-inoculum ratio Thermophilic temperature

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The Wigner distribution function of a super Lorentz–Gauss SLG_(11) beam through a paraxial ABCD optical system

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第10期22卷 272-280页

作者：周益民周国泉 school of Sciences Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University

An orthonormal beam family of super Lorentz-Gauss （SLG） beam model is proposed to describe the higher-order mode beams with high divergence, which are generated by a high power diode laser. Here we consider the simplest case of the SLG beams, where there are four mutually orthogonal SLG beams, namely SLG00, SLG01, SLG10, and SLGll beams. The SLG00 beam is just the Lorentz-Gauss beam. Based on the Collins integral formula and the Hermite-Gaussian expansion of a Lorentz function, an analytical expression for the Wigner distribution function （WDF） of an SLG11 beam through a paraxial ABCD optical system is derived. The properties of the WDF of an SLG11 beam propagating in free space are demonstrated. The normalized WDFs of an SLG11 beam at the different spatial points are depicted in several observation planes. The influence of the beam parameter on the WDF of an SLGI 1 beam in free space is analyzed at different propagation distances. The second-order moments of the WDF of an SLG11 beam in free space are also examined. This research reveals the propagation properties of an SLGll beam from another perspective. The WDFs of SLG01 and SLG10 beams can be easily obtained by using the WDFs of Lorentz-Gauss beam and the SLG11 beam.

关键词： Wigner distribution function super Lorentz-Gauss beam paraxial ABCD optical system

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Co-application of compost or inorganic NPK fertilizer with biochar influences soil quality,grain yield and net income of rice

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2022年第12期21卷 3600-3610页

作者： Christian Adler PHARES Selorm AKABA Department of Soil Science School of AgricultureUniversity of Cape CoastGhana Department of agriculture Economics and Extension School of AgricultureUniversity of Cape CoastGhana

Most agricultural soils in sub-Saharan Africa are degraded,compromising the grain yield of rice and farmers return on investment.A 3-year field study was undertaken to explore the effect of the application of compost or inorganic NPK fertilizer applied alone or in combination with biochar on soil quality,grain yield of rice and net *** five treatments were laid out using a randomized complete block design with four *** treatments were applied to supply approximately 75 kg N ha–*** best fertilizer input was compost+biochar which resulted in the greatest improvement in soil physico-chemical properties by reducing bulk density and increasing porosity and moisture retention,organic matter content,percent nitrogen,available phosphorus and cation exchange *** from treatment with inorganic fertilizer alone,treated soils showed a decrease in *** and fungal counts and basal respiration decreased in soils in the following order:compost+biochar>compost only>inorganic NPK fertilizer+biochar>inorganic NPK fertilizer>*** increase in pooled grain yield and net income in response to treatment followed the order:compost+biochar>NPK+biochar>NPK>compost>*** findings suggest that the use of compost or NPK alone might improve soil quality and increase grain yield and net income,but it is greatly recommended to co-apply these fertilisers with biochar.

关键词： biochar compost inorganic NPK fertilizer biochar-enriched compost biochar-enriched NPK fertilizer soil quality net income rice yield

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Gap analysis in decision support systems for real-estate in the era of the digital earth

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第1期14卷 121-138页

作者： Hamidreza Rabiei-Dastjerdi Gavin McArdle Stephen A.Matthews Peter Keenan school of Computer Science and CeADAR University College Dublin(UCD)DublinIreland Department of Sociology&Criminology and Department of Anthropology The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUSA school of Business University College Dublin(UCD)DublinIreland

Searching for a property is inherently a multicriteria spatial *** decision is primarily based on three high-level criteria composed of household needs,building facilities,and location *** choice is driven by diverse characteristics;including but not limited to environmental factors,access,services,and the socioeconomic status of a *** article aims to identify the gap between theory and practice in presenting information on location choice by using a gap analysis methodology through the development of a sevenfactor classification tool and an assessment of international property *** the availability of digital earth data,the results suggest that real-estate websites are poor at providing sufficient location information to support efficient spatial decision *** on a case study in Dublin,Ireland,we find that although neighbourhood digital earth data may be readily available to support decision making,the gap *** hypothesise that the reason is ***,there is a technical challenge to transform location data into usable ***,the market may not wish to provide location information which can be perceived as *** conclude this article with a discussion of critical issues necessary for designing a spatial decision support system for real-estate decision making.

关键词： Gap analysis digital earth spatial decision support systems(SDSS) spatial data real-estate Dublin

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