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Control of petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater by intrinsic and enhanced bioremediation

Journal of environmental sciences 2010年第6期22卷 864-871页

作者： Chih-Ming Kao Rao Y.surampalli Mu-sheng Lee Institute of environmental Engineering "National" Sun Yat-Sen University u.s.environmental protection agency environmental protection Bureau Kaohsiung City Government

In the first phase of this study, the effectiveness of intrinsic bioremediation on the containment of petroleum hydrocarbons was evaluated at a gasoline spill site. Evidences of the occurrence of intrinsic bioremediation within the BTEX （benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes） plume included （1） decreased BTEX concentrations; （2） depletion of dissolved oxygen （DO）, nitrate, and sulfate; （3） production of dissolved ferrous iron, methane, and CO2; （4） deceased pH and redox potential; and （5） increased methanogens, total heterotrophs, and total anaerobes, especially within the highly contaminated areas. In the second phase of this study, enhanced aerobic bioremediation process was applied at site to enhance the BTEX decay rates. Air was injected into the subsurface near the mid-plume area to biostimulate the naturally occurring microorganisms for BTEX biodegradation. Field results showed that enhanced bioremediation process caused the change of BTEX removal mechanisms from anaerobic biodegradation inside the plume to aerobic biodegradation. This variation could be confirmed by the following field observations inside the plume due to the enhanced aerobic bioremediation process：（1） increased in DO, CO2, redox potential, nitrate, and sulfate, （2） decreased in dissolved ferrous iron, sulfide, and methane, （3） increased total heterotrophs and decreased total anaerobes. Field results also showed that the percentage of total BTEX removal increased from 92% to 99%, and the calculated total BTEX first-order natural attenuation rates increased from 0.0092% to 0.0188% per day, respectively, after the application of enhanced bioremediation system from the spill area to the downgradient area （located approximately 300 m from the source area）.

关键词： petroleum hydrocarbon groundwater natural attenuation intrinsic bioremediation

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Disinfection byproducts in chlorinated or brominated swimming pools and spas: Role of brominated DBPs and association with mutagenicity

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Journal of environmental sciences 2022年第7期34卷 253-263页

作者： Hannah K.Liberatore Eric J.Daiber sridevi A.Ravuri Judith E.schmid susan D.Richardson David M.DeMarini Air Methods and Characterization Division Center for Environmental Measurement and ModelingU.S.Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNC 27711USA student services Authority U.S.Environmental Protection AgencyNational Exposure Research LaboratoryAthensGA 30605USA National Health and environmental Effects Research Laboratory U.S.Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNC 27711USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA

Although the health benefits of swimming are well-documented, health effects such as asthma and bladder cancer are linked to disinfection by-products(DBPs) in pool water. DBPs are formed from the reaction of disinfectants such as chlorine(Cl) or bromine(Br) with organics in the water. Our previous study(Daiber et al., Environ. sci. Technol. 50, 6652;2016) found correlations between the concentrations of classes of DBPs and the mutagenic potencies of waters from chlorinated or brominated swimming pools and spas. We extended this study by identifying significantly different concentrations of 21 individual DBPs in brominated or chlorinated pool and spa waters as well as identifying which DBPs and additional DBP classes were most associated with the mutagenicity of these waters. using data from our previous study, we found that among 21 DBPs analyzed in 21 pool and spa waters, the concentration of bromoacetic acid was significantly higher in Brwaters versus Cl-waters, whereas the concentration of trichloroacetic acid was significantly higher in Cl-waters. Five Br-DBPs(tribromomethane, dibromochloroacetic acid, dibromoacetonitrile, bromoacetic acid, and tribromoacetic acid) had significantly higher concentrations in Br-spa versus Cl-spa waters. Cl-pools had significantly higher concentrations of ClDBPs(trichloroacetaldehyde, trichloromethane, dichloroacetic acid, and chloroacetic acid), whereas Br-pools had significantly higher concentrations of Br-DBPs(tribromomethane, dibromoacetic acid, dibromoacetonitrile, and tribromoacetic acid). The concentrations of the sum of all 4 trihalomethanes, all 11 Br-DBPs, and all 5 nitrogen-containing DBPs were each significantly higher in brominated than in chlorinated pools and spas. The 8 Br-DBPs were the only DBPs whose individual concentrations were significantly correlated with the mutagenic potencies of the pool and spa waters. These results, along with those from our earlier study, highlight the importance of Br-DBPs in the muta

关键词： swimming pools Hot tubs Mutagenicity Disinfection byproducts spas

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Effect of colloid-size copper-based pesticides and wood-preservatives against microbial activities of Gram-positive Bacillus species using five-day biochemical oxygen demand test

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Journal of environmental sciences 2021年第7期33卷 71-80页

作者： Ayenachew Tegenaw George Asorial Endalkachew sahle-Demessie Department of Chemical and environmental Engineering College of Engineering and Applied Science701 Engineering Research CenterUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 45221-0012USA u.s.environmental protection agency Office of Research and DevelopmentCenter for Environmental Solution and Emergency ResponseCincinnatiOH 45268USA

Copper-based pesticides and wood preservatives could end up in the environment during production,use,and end-of-life via different pathways that could cause unintended ecolog-ical and adverse health *** paper provides the effect of colloid-size Cu-based pesti-cides(CuPRO and Kocide),micronized Cu azole(MCA-1 and MCA-2)and alkaline Cu quater-nary(ACQ)treated woods,Cu^(2+),Cu^(2+) spiked untreated wood(uTW),and CuCO_(3) solutions against Gram-positive Bacillus species using five-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD 5)stan-dard *** total Cu leached from MCA-1,MCA-2,and ACQ in Milli-Q water after 5 days were -0.1,-0.11,and -0.64 g/kg of wood,***,the form of Cu leached from MCA woods was mostly ionic(>90%).The total organic carbon(TOC)content of any tested wood(uTW/MCA-1/MCA-2/ACQ)was -99%of its corresponding total carbon(TC)content,whereas the TOC of any tested wood sawdust exceeded that of its corresponding piece/block by>300%.The dissolved oxygen(DO)consumption value in the presence of Cu^(2+),CuCO_(3),CuPRO,and Kocide solutions was significantly influenced by Cu particles/***,the DO consumption value in the presence of uTW/MCA-1/MCA-2/ACQ woods was significantly influenced by organics leached from *** the other hand,the DO consumption of MCA sawdust was greater than(300%)that of MCA pieces/*** findings of this study provide more insight into how organics leached from woods significantly reduce the toxic effects of Cu ions against Gram-positive Bacillus species.

关键词： Gram-positive Bacillus species BOD_(5) Colloid-size Cu-based pesticides DO consumption Leaching Wood preservatives

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Biological transformation,kinetics and dose-response assessments of bound musk ketone hemoglobin adducts in rainbow trout as biomarkers of environmental exposure

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Journal of environmental sciences 2008年第7期20卷 878-884页

作者： M A Mottaleb J H Zimmerman T W Moy Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Baylor UniversityP.O.Box 97348WacoTX 76798USA. u.s.environmental protection agency National Exposure Research LaboratoryEnvironmental Sciences Division944 East Harmon AveLas VegasNV 89119USA

Low levels (ng/g) of musk ketone (MK),used as a fragrance additive in the formulation of personal care products,are frequently detected in the water and other ***,aquatic organisms can be continuously exposed to *** this study,kinetics and dose-response assessments of 2-amino-MK (AMK) metabolite,bound to cysteine-hemoglobin (Hb) in rainbow trout,formed by enzymatic nitro-reduction of MK have been *** were exposed to a single exposure of 0.010,0.030,0.10,and 0.30 mg MK/g ***...

关键词： biotransformation kinetics hemoglobin adducts dose-response nitro musks biomarker fish

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Long-term performance evaluation of zero-valent iron amended permeable reactive barriers for groundwater remediation-A mechanistic approach

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第2期14卷 1-13页

作者： Michael Lawrinenko sudarshan Kurwadkar Richard T.Wilkin Center for environmental solutions and Emergency Response U.S.Environmental Protection Agency919 Kerr Research DriveAdaOK 74820USA Department of Civil and environmental Engineering California State University800 N.State College Blvd.FullertonCA 92831USA

Permeable reactive barriers(PRBs)are used for groundwater remediation at contaminated sites *** technology has been efficient at appropriate sites for treating organic and inorganic contaminants using zero-valent iron(ZVI)as a reductant and as a reactive *** development of the technology over the years suggests that a robust understanding of PRB performance and the mechanisms involved is still *** information in the scientific literature downplays the critical role of ZVI corrosion in the remediation of various organic and inorganic ***,there is a lack of information on how different mechanisms act in tandem to affect ZVI-groundwater systems through *** this review paper,we describe the underlying mechanisms of PRB performance and remove isolated *** discuss the primary mechanisms of ZVI transformation and aging in PRBs and the role of iron corrosion *** review numerous sites to reinforce our understanding of the interactions between groundwater contaminants and ZVI and the authigenic minerals that form within *** findings show that ZVI corrosion products and mineral precipitates play critical roles in the long-term performance of PRBs by influencing the reactivity of *** occlusion by mineral precipitates occurs at the influent side of PRBs and is enhanced by dissolved oxygen and groundwater rich in dissolved solids and high alkalinity,which negatively impacts hydraulic conductivity,allowing contaminants to potentially bypass the treatment *** development of site characterization tools and models is needed to support effective PRB designs for groundwater remediation.

关键词： Permeable reactive barrier Reduction potential Plating reactions surface passivation Geochemistry Iron

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A balancing act: Optimizing free chlorine contact time to minimize iodo-DBPs, NDMA, and regulated DBPs in chloraminated drinking water

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Journal of environmental sciences 2022年第7期34卷 315-325页

作者： Matthew A.Bloodgood sridevi Anduri Chowdary Eric J.Daiber Honglan shi Caroline O.Granger susan D.Richardson student services Authority U.S.Environmental Protection AgencyNational Exposure Research LaboratoryAthensGA 30605USA Department of Chemistry Missouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaMO 65409USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA

Many drinking water treatment plants in the u.s. have switched from chlorination to chloramination to lower levels of regulated trihalomethane(THM) and haloacetic acid(HAA) disinfection byproducts(DBPs) in drinking water and meet the current regulations. However, chloramination can also produce other highly toxic/carcinogenic, unregulated DBPs: iodoacids, iodo-THMs, and N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA). In practice, chloramines are generated by the addition of chlorine with ammonia, and plants use varying amounts of free chlorine contact time prior to ammonia addition to effectively kill pathogens and meet DBP regulations. However, iodo-DBPs and nitrosamines are generally not considered in this balancing of free chlorine contact time. The goal of our work was to determine whether an optimal free chlorine contact time could be established in which iodo-DBPs and NDMA could be minimized, while keeping regulated THMs and HAAs below their regulatory limits. The effect of free chlorine contact time was evaluated for the formation of six iodo-trihalomethanes(iodo-THMs), six iodo-acids, and NDMA during the chloramination of drinking water. Ten different free chlorine contact times were examined for two source waters with different dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and bromide/iodide. For the low DOC water at pH 7 and 8, an optimized free chlorine contact time of up to 1 h could control regulated THMs and HAAs, as well as iodo-DBPs and NDMA. For the high DOC water, a free chlorine contact time of 5 min could control iodo-DBPs and NDMA at both p Hs, but the regulated DBPs could exceed the regulations at pH 7.

关键词： Iodo-DBPs NDMA Disinfection byproducts Chloramine Drinking water Free chlorine contact time

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Nanomaterials for environmental burden reduction,waste treatment,and nonpoint source pollution control:a review

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Frontiers of environmental science & Engineering 2009年第3期3卷 249-264页

作者： Guobin sHAN Rao Y.suRAMPALLI Rajeshwar D.TYAGI Tian C.ZHANG INRs-ETE University of QuebecQuebecG1K 9A9Canada u.s.environmental protection agency Kansas CityKS 66117USA Civil Engineering University of Nebraska-LincolnOmahaNB 68182USA

Nanomaterials are applicable in the areas of reduction of environmental burden,reduction/treatment of industrial and agricultural wastes,and nonpoint source(NPs)pollution ***,environmental burden reduction involves green process and engineering,emissions control,desulfurization/denitrification of nonrenewable energy sources,and improvement of agriculture and food ***,reduction/treatment of industrial and agricultural wastes involves converting wastes into products,groundwater remediation,adsorption,delaying photocatalysis,and ***,NPs pollution control involves controlling water *** alter physical properties on a nanoscale due to their high specific surface area to volume *** are used as catalysts,adsorbents,membranes,and additives to increase activity and capability due to their high specific surface areas and nano-sized ***,nanomaterials are more effective at treating environmental wastes because they reduce the amount of material needed.

关键词： nanomaterials industrial agricultural nonpoint source pollution environmental burden reduction

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A study on Hydrogen Peroxide in the Atmosphere

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 1989年第4期6卷 509-515页

作者：苏维瀚李巍丁国安 W.E.Wilson Research Center for Eco-environmental sciences Academia sinica P.O. Box 934 Beijing Chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences Beijing Atmospheric sciences Research Laboratory U.S.Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle ParkNorth Carolina 2771U.S.A.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 ) concentrations were measured at two sites. One was on Lushan Mountain in May, 1987. The other was in Beijing in August, 1987 and in December, 1986. The automated fluorometric method was used for the determination of H2O2 . The concentrations of H2O2 ranged from approximately 0.50 to 4.32 ppb on Lushan Mountain. The concentrations of H2O2 ranged from approximately 0.05 to 1.49 ppb in August in Beijing, and it was only 0.01 ppb in December in Beijing.

关键词： A study on Hydrogen Peroxide in the Atmosphere

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Effect of environmental factors on the effectiveness of ammoniated bagasse in wicking oil from contaminated wetlands

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Journal of environmental sciences 2012年第8期24卷 1371-1377页

作者： seungjoon Chung Makram T.suidan Albert D.Venosa Technology Development Center Samsung Engineering Co.Ltd.SuwonGyeonggi 443-823South Korea Faculty of Engineering and Architecture American University of BeirutBeirut 11072020Lebanon National Risk Management Research Laboratory U.S.Environmental Protection AgencyCincinnatiOH 45268USA

Ammoniated bagasse is a plant-derived organic sorbent that can be used for capturing oil and for supplying slow-release nutrients to oil-degrading microorganisms. We investigated the oil-wicking behavior of this sorbent under various conditions for its effectiveness in remediating oil-contaminated wetlands. Abiotic microcosms simulating a wetland environment were used to assess the influence of sand particle sizes （20x30 and 60x80 u.s. mesh）, degrees of oil saturation （25% and 75%）, water table levels （on top of the clean sand layer, oiled-sand layer, and sorbent layer）, and the presence of sorbent. Results indicated that oil wicking favors higher oil contamination, larger sand particle size, and low water coverage. Water coverage was the predominant factor limiting the effectiveness of sorbent. The most plausible explanation for this limitation was that sorbent captured more water than oil at higher water coverage.

关键词： crude oil wetlands sorbent remediation sediment

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Reply to comment on“Long-term performance evaluation of zero-valent iron amended permeable reactive barriers for groundwater remediation–A mechanistic approach” by C. Noubactep, Geoscience Frontiers 14(2023), 101582

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第4期14卷 282-284页

作者： Michael Lawrinenko sudarshan Kurwadkar Richard T.Wilkin Center for environmental solutions and Emergency Response U.S.Environmental Protection Agency919 Kerr Research DriveAdaOklahoma 74820USA Department of Civil and environmental Engineering California State University800 N.State College Blvd.FullertonCA 92831USA

We welcome the opportunity to address comments provided by *** and to further emphasize the concepts developed in our article titled“Long–term performance evaluation of zero-valent iron amended permeable reactive ba... 详细信息

关键词： groundwater performance valent

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