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The effect of total carbon on microscopic soil properties and implications for crop production

Journal of Arid Land 2012年第3期4卷 251-259页

作者： Inma LEBRON Milton Earl MCGIFFEN Jr Donald Lou.s.suAREZ Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2UW UK Department of Botany and Plant science University of California Riverside CA 92521-0334 USA u.s. salinity laboratory Riverside CA 92521-0334 USA

soil structure is a dynamic property affected by physical, chemical, and microbiological processes. Addition of organic matter to soils and the use of different management practices have been reported to impact soil structure and crop production. Moderation in soil temperature and increases in microbial activity and soil water retention are often suggested as reasons for the rise in crop yield when organic matter is added to the soil. Less is known about the direct effect of changes in soil structure on crop production. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of summer cover crop and in-season management system on soil structure. The experiment was a nested design with summer cover crop as the main plot and management system as the subplot. summer cover crop treatments included cowpea （Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.） incorporated into the soil in the fall （CI）, cowpea used as mulch in the fall （CM）, sudangrass （sorghum vulgare） incorporated into the soil in the fall （s）, and dry fallow or bare ground （B）. Management systems were organic （ORG） and conventional （CNV） systems. Lettuce （Lactuca sativa L.） and cantaloupes （Cucumis melo L.） were cultivated in rotation in the plots for three consecutive years using the same cover crops and management systems for each plot. Disturbed and undisturbed soil cores were collected at the end of the third year and used for laboratory experiments to measure physical, chemical, and hy- draulic properties. Image analysis was used to quantify soil structure properties using a scanning electron micro- scope on thin sections prepared from the undisturbed soil cores. We found that total soil carbon was correlated with porosity, saturation percentage, and pore roughness. Pore roughness was correlated with crop production in gen- eral and with marketable production in particular. We found that the higher the complexity of the pore space, the more water retained in the soil, which may increase soil water residence and reduce plant

关键词： summer cover crop management systems soil structure properties total carbon

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spatial and Temporal Distribution of Metal Elements in the Rivers of Northern Jiangsu Province

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Journal of Ocean university of China 2025年第1期24卷 157-168页

作者： YuAN Liping LIu Qian JIAN Huimin MI Tiezhu YANG Fuxia YAO Qingzhen Frontiers science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth system and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and TechnologyMinistry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266071China College of Environmental science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key laboratory of Land and sea Ecological Governance and systematic Regulation of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment Shandong Academy for Environmental PlanningJinan 250101China

The concentrations of V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Mo,Cd,and Pb were determined in Doulonggang River,Xinyanggang River,Huangshagang River,sheyanghe River,Guangaizongqu River,and Linhonghe River at the North of Jiangsu Province in *** annual average concentrations of V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Mo,Cd and Pb in the six rivers were 2.20,1.22,4.53,21.9,0.13,2.79,1.77,4.00,2.97,3.87,0.01,0.19μg L^(-1)*** highest concentration of most trace metals were found in Guangaizongqu River and Linhonghe River,and the lowest concentration were found in Xinyanggang River and Huangshagang *** principal component analysis(PCA)resulted of two factors together explained 91.2%of the variance with>1initial eigenvalue,indicating that both natural and anthropogenic activities were contributing factors as the source of metal abundance in rivers of northern Jiangsu *** first major component represented the influence of anthropogenic activities,including industry and agriculture,with a contribution rate of 54.1%,affected Cr,Fe,Cu,Zn,Mo,Cd and *** second(such as V,Mn,Co,Ni,As)was a mixed source,including the natural processes such as precipitation,erosion and weathering and anthropogenic action like industry and agriculture,with a contribution rate of 37.1%.seasonal variations in trace metal concentrations were influenced by temperature,salinity,water discharge,and input of external *** highest concentrations were found in wet season and were strongly influenced by rainfall and seasonal industrial and agricultural activities.

关键词： trace metal distribution rivers northern Jiangsu Province

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Bio-amelioration of alkali soils through agroforestry systems in central Indo-Gangetic plains of India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第4期25卷 887-896页

作者： Y.P.singh Gurbachan singh D.K.sharma Central soil salinity Research Institute Regional Research StationLucknow (U.P.) 226005 India Indian Council of Agricultural Research New Delhi 110001 India Central soil salinity Research Institute Karnal Haryana 132001 India

A long-term field study was initiated during 1995 at Central soil salinity Research Institute, Regional Research station, Lucknow （26047＇58＂ N and 80°46＇24＂ E） to analyze the effect of agroforestry systems on amelioration of alkali soils. Three agroforestry systems （pas- toral, silvipastoral and silvicultural） were compared with the control where no agroforestry system was introduced. Tree-based silvicultural and silvipastoral systems were characterized by tree species Prosopis juliflora and Acacia nilotica along with grass species Leptochloafusca, Panicum maximum, Trifolium alexandrium and Chloris gayana. Growth of ten-year-old Prosopis juliflora and Acacia nilotica planted in combi- nation with grasses was significantly higher over the silviculture system with the same species. Tree biomass yields of P. juliflora （77.20 t·ha-1） and A. nilotica （63.20 t·ha-1） planted under silvipastoral system were significantly higher than the sole plantation of （64.50 t·ha-1 and 52.75 t·ha-1）. Fodder yield under the pastoral system was significantly higher than the silvipastoral system during initial years but it was at par with that of silvipastoral systems after eight years of plantation. The microbial biomass carbon in the soils of silvipastoral systems was significantly higher than in soils under sole plantation of trees and control systems. The Prosopis-based silvipastoral system proved more effective in reduc- ing soil pH, displacing Na＋ from the exchange complex, increasing or- ganic carbon and available N, P and K. Improvement in soil physical properties such as bulk density, porosity, soil moisture and infiltration rate was higher in the Prosopis-based silvipastoral system than in the silviculture system or control On the basis of biomass production and improvement in soil health due to tree ＋ grass systems, silvipastoral agroforestry system could be adopted for sustainable reclamation ofhighly alkali soils.

关键词： agroforcstry systems alkali soils biomass production mi-crobial biomass soil amelioration

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3D morphology of crab(Macrophthalmus japonicus) burrows from the Pearl River Delta front,China:The physicochemical factors,with implications for the rock record

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2025年第1期14卷 203-220页

作者： Yuan-Yuan Wang Ya-Bin Zhang song-Lin Gou Guo-Cheng Zhang Institute of Resource and Environment Henan Polytechnic University Henan International Joint laboratory of Biogenic Traces and sedimentary Minerals Henan Polytechnic University

Neoichnological characterization of modern depositional settings addresses the response of benthic animals to ecological conditions and their fluctuations, usually on a relatively short time scale. In this way, analogue models for interpretation of sedimentary strata in the geological record can be *** japonicus(De Haan, 1835), a crab, is commonly found in the Pearl River Delta front of southern China. The burrows of M. japonicus are vertical or inclined, I-, u-, Y-, J-and L-shaped tubes, and these are imaged in 7.5-cm-diameter sediment cores. The cores were studied by X-ray radiography, computed tomography, and VG studio MAX reconstruction to obtain three-dimensional images for elaborate morphological study. This crab's burrows are analogous to the trace fossil Psilonichnus. several environmental parameters, i.e., sediment grain size and its total organic carbon(TOC) content, and turbidity and salinity of water, have been measured. The results indicated that M. japonicus prefers to live in mesohaline water with turbidity levels of 20-170 NTu, where bioturbation is more abundant. It prefers to occur in mud and silty sand su.s.rates, with TOC content decreasing as particle size increases. The sedimentary environment, grain size and ichnofacies of analogical trace fossils Psilonichnus are discu.s.d which supports the interpretation that Psilonichnus is a good indicator of delta front environments.

关键词： Neoichnology Macrophthalmus japonicus Pearl River Delta front Physicochemical factor

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Comparing carbon accumulation in restored and natural wetland soils of coastal Lou.s.ana

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International Journal of sediment Research 2019年第6期34卷 600-607页

作者： Glenn M.suir Charles E.sasser Ronald D.DeLaune Elizabeth O.Murray u.s.Army Engineer Research and Development Center Environmental LaboratoryWetlands and Environmental Technologies Research Facility Lou.s.ana state university Department of Oceanography and Coastal ScienceCollege of the Coast and Environment u.s.Army Engineer Research and Development Center Environmental Laboratory

Lou.s.ana’s chronic wetland deterioration has resulted in massive soil organic matter loss and su.s.quent carbon release through *** combat these losses,and reestablish ecosystem function,goods,and services,many restoration projects have been constructed or planned throughout coastal *** are significant data gaps and conflicting results regarding wetland contributions to global warming,especially related to carbon sequ.s.ration in restored *** exceptionally large data set was used to derive carbon accumulation rates from key soil characteristics and *** and comparisons of bulk density,organic matter,total carbon,vertical accretion(short-and longer-term),and carbon accumulation rates were made across time(chronosequence) and space(i.e.,coastwide,watershed basins,and vegetation zones).Carbon accumulation rates in the Lou.s.ana coastal zone were generally correlated to hydrogeomorphology,with higher rates occurring in zones of high river connectivity or in swamp or higher salinity tolerant *** average,naturally occurring wetlands had higher carbon accumulation rates than restoration *** some restoration measures were higher,and most showed increasing carbon accumulation rates over *** demonstrate that although wetland restoration provides many ecosystem benefits,the associated carbon sequ.s.ration may also provide useful measures for climate change management.

关键词： Wetland productivity Chronosequence Carbon sequ.s.ration Wetland restoration Coastal Lou.s.ana

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synergistic effect of silicon availability and salinity on metal adsorption in a common estuarine diatom

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2025年第2期148卷 364-374页

作者： Fengyuan Chen Jie Ma Ke Pan sZu-HKusT Joint PhD Program in Marine Environmental science Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China shenzhen Key laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering Institute for Advanced StudyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Department of Ocean science The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China

Increasing nitrogen and phosphorus discharge and decreasing sediment input have made silicon(si)a limiting element for diatoms in *** in nutrient structure and salinity fluctuation can greatly affect metal uptake by estuarine ***,the combined effects of si and salinity on metal accumulation in these diatoms have not been *** this study,we aimed to investigate how salinity and si availability combine to influence the adsorption of metals by a widely distributed diatom Phaeodactylum *** data indicate that replete si and low salinity in seawater can enhance cadmium and copper adsorption onto the diatom *** the single-cell level,surface potential was a dominant factor determining metal adsorption,while surface roughness also contributed to the highermetal loading capacity at lower *** a combination of noninvasive micro-test technology,atomic force microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,we demonstrate that the diversity and abundance of the functional grou.s.embedded in diatom cell walls vary with salinity and si *** results in a change in the cell surface potential and transient metal *** study provides novel mechanisms to explain the highly variable metal adsorption capacity of a model estuarine diatom.

关键词： Diatom Metal adsorption silicon salinity Functional group surface potential

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Biomass and bio-energy production of ten multipurpose tree species planted in sodic soils of indo-gangetic plains

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Journal of Forestry Research 2010年第1期21卷 19-24,I0001页

作者： Y.P.singh Gurbachan singh D.K.sharma Principal scientist Central Soil Salinity Research InstituteRegional Research StationJail RoadLucknow(U.P.) India-226005 Central soil salinity Research Institute Kachwa RoadKarnalHaryanaIndia132001 Director Central soil salinity Research Institute Regional Research StationJail RoadLucknow (U.P.) India-226005 Head5

Ten multipurpose tree species, Terminalia arjuna, Azadirechta indica, Prosopis juliflora, Pongamia pinnata, Casuarina equ.s.tifolia, Prosopis alba, Acacia nilotica, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Pithecellobium dulce and Cassia siamea, were raised in a monoculture tree cropping system on the sodic soil of Gangetic alluvium in north India （26° 47° N： 80°46′ E） for 10 years to evaluate the biomass and bio-energy production. The soil was compact, sodic and impervious to water associated with nutrient deficiency or toxicity. Maximum plant height was recorded with E. tereticornis followed by *** and P. juliflora. A. nilotica performed better than the other species in terms of diameter at breast height （DBH） with a basal area of 13.04 m^2·ha^-1, followed by P. juliflora and C. equ.s.tifolia. P. juliflora and A. nilotica produced nearly similar biomass of 56.50 and 50.75 Mg·ha^-1, respectively, at 10 years; whereas, A. indica, P. pinnata, C. siamea and P. alba did not perform well. P. juliflora scored maximum in net biomass production and nutrient demand. Nutrient （N, P, K, Ca, and Mg） concentrations were higher in leaf component of P. juliflora. However, in woody components, there was little variation between the species. N removal for production of one ton of wood was lowest in Acacia nilotica, P in T. arjuna, K in P. dulce and Ca and Mg in P. juliflora. P. juliflora gave the highest energy production of 1267.75 ***^-1 followed by A. nilotica with 1206 ***^-1 and the lowest ofA. indica （520.66 ***^-1）.

关键词： biomass sodic soils Gangetic alluvium multipurpose treespecies nutrient concentration nutrient use efficiency.

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A spectral Index for Estimating soil salinity in the Yellow River Delta Region of China using EO-1 Hyperion Data

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Pedosphere 2010年第3期20卷 378-388页

作者： WENG Yong-Ling GONG Peng ZHu Zhi-Liang Department of surveying and Mapping Engineering College of Transportation Southeast University Nanjing 210096(China) state Key laboratory of Remote sensing science Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of the Chinese Academy ofSciences and Beijing Normal University Beijing 100101 (China) Department of Environment science Policy and Management University of California Berkeley CA 94720 (USA) EROs Data Center U.S. Geological Survey Sioux Falls SD 57198 (USA)

soil salinization is one of the most common land degradation processes. In this study, spectral measurements of saline soil samples collected from the Yellow River Delta region of China were conducted in laboratory and hyperspectral data were acquired from an EO-1 Hyperion sensor to quantitatively map soil salinity in the region. A soil salinity spectral index (ssI) was constructed from continuum-removed reflectance (CR-reflectance) at 2052 and 2203 nm, to analyze the spectral absorption features of the salt-affected soils. There existed a strong correlation (r = 0.91) between the ssI and soil salt content (ssC). Then, a model for estimation of ssC with ssI was established using univariate regression and validation of the model yielded a root mean square error (RMsE) of 0.986 and an R2 of 0.873. The model was applied to a Hyperion reflectance image on a pixel-by-pixel basis and the resulting quantitative salinity map was validated successfully with RMsE = 1.921 and R2 = 0.627. These suggested that the satellite hyperspectral data had the potential for predicting ssC in a large area.

关键词： hyperspectral reflectance soil salt content spectral absorption features

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Thermodynamic Feedback between Clou.s.and the Ocean surface Mixed Layer

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 1990年第1期7卷 1-10页

作者： P.C.Chu Roland W.Garwood Jr. Department of Oceanography. Naval Postgraduate school Monterey CA 93943 U.S.A.Department of Oceanography. Naval Postgraduate School Monterey CA 93943 U.S.A.

A cloud-ocean planetary boundary layer (OPBL) feedback mechanism is presented and tested in this paper. Water vapor, evaporated from the ocean surface or transported by the large-scale air flow, often forms convective clou.s.under a conditionally u.s.able lapse rate. The variable cloud cover and rainfall may have positive and negative feedback with the ocean mixed layer temperature and salinity structure. The coupling of the simplified Kuo's (1965) cumulus cloud model to the Kraus-Turner's (1967) ocean mixed layer model shows the existence of this feedback mechanism. The theory also predicts the generation of low frequency oscillation in the atmosphere and oceans.

关键词： Cl Feedback Thermodynamic Feedback between Clou.s.and the Ocean surface Mixed Layer

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The intermediate water in the Philippine sea

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第5期38卷 1343-1353页

作者： ZANG Nan WANG Fan sPRINTALL Janet CAs Key laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Center for Ocean Mega-science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Pilot National laboratory for Marine science and Technology(Qingdao) Qingdao 266237China College of Marine science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266400China scripps Institution of Oceanography U.C.San DiegoLa Jolla CA 92093-0230U.S.A

The dimensional and temporal distribution of Antarctic Intermediate Water(AAIW)and North Pacifi c Intermediate Water(NPIW)in the Philippine sea were explored using Argo profi les and gridded Argo *** the salinity minimum of intermediate water from mid-high latitude of the southern and northern hemisphere of the Pacifi c Ocean,the properties of AAIW and NPIW merge at about 10°N with diff erent properties in the Philippine *** core of AAIW is located below 600 dbar with potential density of 27≤σθ≤27.3 kg/m 3 and salinity of 34.5≤s≤*** core of NPIW is located between 300–700 dbar with potential density of 26.2≤σθ≤27 kg/m 3 and salinity of 34≤s≤*** volume of AAIW and NPIW during January 2004 to December 2017 is negatively *** time series of AAIW and NPIW is dominated by signifi cant periods of 6 and 8 months,*** variations of AAIW and NPIW are mainly aff ected by volume transport through a 130°E section by the North Equatorial Current(NEC)and North Equatorial undercurrent(NEuC).

关键词： the intermediate water the Antarctic Intermediate Water the North Pacifi c Intermediate Water seasonal variation

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