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science China(Life sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1321-1324页

作者： Baoman Li Yanyan Tian Puyue Wang Department of Life sciences National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaBeijing 100085China

Immunology,a biomedical discipline with an ancient history of maintaining thriving research vitality to date,refers to the study of the structure and function of the immune system of the body,the pathogenesis of immune-related diseases,immunological diagnoses,and prevention mechanisms(national Natural science foundation of China,2023).Immunological research is the foundation of research in biology,as well as basic and clinical medicine(Kubli et al.,2021).

关键词： prevention foundation Natural

A survey of LLM Datasets:From Autoregressive Model to AI Chatbot

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Journal of Computer science & Technology 2024年第3期39卷 542-566页

作者：杜非马新建杨婧如柳熠罗超然王学斌姜海鸥景翔 national Key Laboratory of Data space Technology and system Beijing 100195China Advanced Institute of Big Data Beijing 100195China Fu foundation school of Engineering and Applied science Columbia UniversityNY 10027U.S.A. school of software and Microelectronics Peking UniversityBeijing 100091China CCF IEEE

since OpenAI opened access to ChatGPT,large language models(LLMs)become an increasingly popular topic attracting researchers’attention from abundant ***,public researchers meet some problems when developing LLMs given that most of the LLMs are produced by industries and the training details are typically *** datasets are an important setup of LLMs,this paper does a holistic survey on the training datasets used in both the pre-train and fine-tune *** paper first summarizes 16 pre-train datasets and 16 fine-tune datasets used in the state-of-the-art ***,based on the properties of the pre-train and fine-tune processes,it comments on pre-train datasets from quality,quantity,and relation with models,and comments on fine-tune datasets from quality,quantity,and *** study then critically figures out the problems and research trends that exist in current LLM *** study helps public researchers train and investigate LLMs by visual cases and provides useful comments to the research community regarding data *** the best of our knowledge,this paper is the first to summarize and discu.s.datasets used in both autoregressive and chat *** survey offers insights and suggestions to researchers and LLM developers as they build their models,and contributes to the LLM study by pointing out the existing problems of LLM studies from the perspective of data.

关键词： large language model(LLM) autoregressive model AI chatbot natural language processing(NLP)corpora OpenAI

VPI:Vehicle Programming Interface for Vehicle Computing

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Journal of Computer science & Technology 2024年第1期39卷 22-44页

作者：吴宝福仲任王昱心万健张纪林施巍松 school of Computer science and Technology Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China Department of Computer science Wayne State UniversityDetroitMI 48202U.S.A Department of Computer and Information sciences University of DelawareNewarkDE 19716U.S.A

The emergence of software-defined vehicles(sDVs),combined with autonomous driving technologies,has en-abled a new era of vehicle computing(VC),where vehicles serve as a mobile computing ***,the interdisci-plinary complexities of automotive systems and diverse technological requirements make developing applications for au-tonomous vehicles *** simplify the development of applications running on sDVs,we propose a comprehen-sive suite of vehicle programming interfaces(VPIs).In this study,we rigorously explore the nuanced requirements for ap-plication development within the realm of VC,centering our analysis on the architectural intricacies of the Open Vehicu-lar Data Analytics Platform(OpenVDAP).We then detail our creation of a comprehensive suite of standardized VPIs,spanning five critical categories:Hardware,Data,Computation,service,and Management,to address these evolving pro-gramming *** validate the design of VPIs,we conduct experiments using the indoor autonomous vehicle,Ze-bra,and develop the OpenVDAP prototype *** comparing it with the industry-influential AuTOsAR interface,our VPIs demonstrate significant enhancements in programming efficiency,marking an important advancement in the field of sDV application *** also show a case study and evaluate its *** work highlights that VPIs significantly enhance the efficiency of developing applications on *** meet both current and future technologi-cal demands and propel the software-defined automotive industry toward a more interconnected and intelligent future.

关键词： software-defined vehicle(sDV) vehicle computing(VC) vehicle programming interface(VPI) au-tonomous system

understanding the mechanisms and potential pathways of soil carbon sequ.s.ration from the biogeochemistry perspective

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science China Earth sciences 2024年第11期67卷 3386-3396页

作者： Xiaojuan FENG Guohua DAI Ting LIu Juan JIA Erxiong ZHu Chengzhu LIu Yunpeng ZHAO Ya WANG Enze KANG Jun XIAO Wei LI state Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences China national Botanical Garden College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Earth sciences National Natural Science Foundation of China

soil carbon sequ.s.ration is listed by the united Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change as one of the key ways to achieve long-term “carbon neutrality” in the context of global warming. soil carbon sequ.s.ration is a complex biogeochemical process that involves plants, microbes, and rock minerals at its core. Yet, its regulation mechanisms and promotion pathways remain unclear. This paper reviews recent progress in the related domestic and international research and provides an overview of the key processes and mechanisms of soil carbon sequ.s.ration. The main pathways for enhancing soil carbon sequ.s.ration(including plant inpu.s. mineral protection, microbial transformation, and rock weathering) are summarized. The paper also discu.s.s and synthesizes how advanced biogeochemical methods and technologies may be employed to explore soil carbon sequ.s.ration mechanisms and potentials. The overall aim of this review is to improve our understanding of soil carbon sequ.s.ration as a nature-based solution to combatting climate change from the biogeochemistry perspective, and to highlight the role of fundamental research in Earth sciences in helping to achieve China's carbon neutrality goals.

关键词： Carbon neutrality Plant input Microbial carbon pump Mineral protection Rock weathering

Trunk‑Inspired sWCNT‑Based Wrinkled Films for Highly‑stretchable Electromagnetic Interference shielding and Wearable Thermotherapy

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第11期16卷 429-444页

作者： Xiaofeng Gong Tianjiao Hu You Zhang Yanan Zeng Ye Zhang Zhenhua Jiang Yinlong Tan Yanhong Zou Jing Wang Jiayu Dai Zengyong Chu College of science National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073People’s Republic of China Beijing Interdisciplinary Research Center National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073People’s Republic of China school of Physics and Electronics Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082People’s Republic of China

Nowadays,the increasing electromagnetic waves generated by wearable devices are becoming an emerging issue for human health,so stretchable electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials are highly *** trunks are capable of grabbing fragile vegetation and tearing trees thanks not only to their muscles but also to their folded *** by the wrinkled skin of the elephant trunks,herein,we propose a winkled conductive film based on single-walled carbon nanotubes(sWCNTs)for multifunctional EMI *** conductive film has a sandwich structure,which was prepared by coating sWCNTs on both sides of the stretched elastic latex cylindrical *** shrinking-induced winkled conductive network could withstand up to 200%tensile ***,when the stretching direction is parallel to the polarization direction of the electric field,the total EMI shielding effectiveness could surprisingly increase from 38.4 to 52.7 dB at 200%tensile *** is mainly contributed by the increased connection of the *** addition,the film also has good Joule heating performance at several voltages,capable of releasing pains in injured *** unique property makes it possible for strain-adjustable multifunctional EMI shielding and wearable thermotherapy applications.

关键词： Electromagnetic interference shielding single-walled carbon nanotubes Wrinkles stretchable Thermotherapy

Dual-Defect Engineering strategy Enables High-Durability Rechargeable Magnesium-Metal Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第9期16卷 449-461页

作者： Fuyu Chen Bai‑Qing Zhao Kaifeng Huang Xiu‑Fen Ma Hong‑Yi Li Xie Zhang Jiang Diao Jili Yue Guangsheng Huang Jingfeng Wang Fusheng Pan national Innovation Center for Lndustry‑Education Integration of Energy storage Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044People’s Republic of China national Magnesium Alloy Material Engineering Technology Research Center Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044People’s Republic of China Materials and Energy Division Beijing Computational Science Research CenterBeijing 100193People’s Republic of China school of Materials science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072People’s Republic of China national Key Laboratory of Advanced Casting Technologies Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044People’s Republic of China

Rechargeable magnesium-metal batteries(RMMBs)are promising next-generation secondary batteries;however,their development is inhibited by the low capacity and short cycle lifespan of *** various strategies have been devised to enhance the Mg^(2+)migration kinetics and structural stability of cathodes,they fail to improve electronic conductivity,rendering the cathodes incompatible with magnesium-metal ***,we propose a dual-defect engineering strategy,namely,the incorporation of Mg^(2+)pre-intercalation defect(P-Mgd)and oxygen defect(Od),to simultaneously improve the Mg^(2+)migration kinetics,structural stability,and electronic conductivity of the cathodes of *** lamellar V_(2)O_(5)·nH_(2)O as a demo cathode material,we prepare a cathode comprising Mg_(0.07)V_(2)O_(5)·1.4H_(2)O nanobelts composited with reduced graphene oxide(MVOH/rGO)with P-Mgd and *** Od enlarges interlayer spacing,accelerates Mg^(2+)migration kinetics,and prevents structural collapse,while the P-Mgd stabilizes the lamellar structure and increases electronic ***,the MVOH/rGO cathode exhibits a high capacity of 197 mAh g^(−1),and the developed Mg foil//MVOH/rGO full cell demonstrates an incredible lifespan of 850 cycles at 0.1 A g^(−1),capable of powering a light-emitting *** proposed dual-defect engineering strategy provides new insights into developing high-durability,high-capacity cathodes,advancing the practical application of RMMBs,and other new secondary batteries.

关键词： Rechargeable magnesium-metal batteries Dual-defect engineering Vanadium-based cathode High durability Lamellar structure

Machine learning-guided accelerated discovery of structure-property correlations in lean magnesium alloys for biomedical applications

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2267-2283页

作者： sreenivas Raguraman Maitreyee sharma Priyadarshini Tram Nguyen Ryan McGovern Andrew Kim Adam J.Griebel Paulette Clancy Timothy P.Weihs Department of Materials science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimore21231MDU.S.A Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Research and Development Fort Wayne Metals Research ProductsLLC9609 Ardmore AveFort Wayne46809INU.S.A Department of Mechanical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A

Magnesium alloys are emerging as promising alternatives to traditional orthopedic implant materials thanks to their biodegradability,biocompatibility,and impressive mechanical ***,their rapid in-vivo degradation presents challenges,notably in upholding mechanical integrity over *** study investigates the impact of high-temperature thermal processing on the mechanical and degradation attributes of a lean Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy,*** rapid,cost-efficient characterization methods like X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy,we swiftly examine microstructural changes post-thermal *** Pearson correlation coefficient analysis,we unveil the relationship between microstructural properties and critical targets(properties):hardness and corrosion ***,leveraging the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LAssO),we pinpoint the dominant microstructural factors among closely correlated *** findings underscore the significant role of grain size refinement in strengthening and the predominance of the ternary Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3)phase in corrosion *** suggests that achieving an optimal blend of strength and corrosion resistance is attainable through fine grains and reduced concentration of ternary *** thorough investigation furnishes valuable insights into the intricate interplay of processing,structure,and properties in magnesium alloys,thereby advancing the development of superior biodegradable implant materials.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Machine learning Corrosion Mechanical properties Rapid characterization

Challenges and Opportunities in Preserving Key structural Features of 3D-Printed Metal/Covalent Organic Framework

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第8期16卷 362-381页

作者： Ximeng Liu Dan Zhao John Wang Department of Materials science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117574Singapore Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117585Singapore national university of singapore(Chongqing)Research Institute Chongqing 401123People’s Republic of China

Metal-organic framework(MOF)and covalent organic framework(COF)are a huge group of advanced porous materials exhibiting attractive and tunable microstructural features,such as large surface area,tunable pore size,and functional surfaces,which have significant valu.s.in various application *** emerging 3D printing technology further provides MOF and COFs(M/COFs)with higher designability of their macrostructure and demonstrates large achievements in their performance by shaping them into advanced 3D ***,the currently available 3D printing M/COFs strategy faces a major challenge of severe destruction of M/COFs’microstructural features,both during and after 3D *** is envisioned that preserving the microstructure of M/COFs in the 3D-printed monolith will bring a great improvement to the related *** this overview,the 3D-printed M/COFs are categorized into M/COF-mixed monoliths and M/COF-covered *** differences in the properties,applications,and current research states are *** up-to-date advancements in paste/scaffold composition and printing/covering methods to preserve the superior M/COF microstructure during 3D printing are further discu.s.d for the two types of 3D-printed M/*** the analysis of the current states of 3D-printed M/COFs,the expected future research direction to achieve a highly preserved microstructure in the 3D monolith is proposed.

关键词： Metal-organic frameworks Covalent organic frameworks 3D printing Microstructure Monolith

Achieving ultra-Broad Microwave Absorption Bandwidth Around Millimeter-Wave Atmospheric Window Through an Intentional Manipulation on Multi-Magnetic Resonance Behavior

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第9期16卷 291-307页

作者： Chuyang Liu Lu Xu Xueyu Xiang Yujing Zhang Li Zhou Bo Ouyang Fan Wu Dong‑Hyun Kim Guangbin Ji school of Materials science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China school of Materials science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China school of Physics Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China school of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China school of Physics Chungbuk National UniversityCheongju 28644South Korea Department of Chemistry School of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072People’s Republic of China

The utilization of electromagnetic waves is rapidly advancing into the millimeter-wave frequency range,posing increasingly severe challenges in terms of electromagnetic pollution prevention and radar ***,existing millimeter-wave absorbers are still inadequate in addressing these issu.s.due to their monotonous magnetic resonance *** this work,rare-earth La^(3+)and non-magnetic Zr^(4+)ions are simultaneously incorporated into M-type barium ferrite(BaM)to intentionally manipulate the multi-magnetic resonance *** leveraging the contrary impact of La^(3+)and Zr^(4+)ions on magnetocrystalline anisotropy field,the restrictive relationship between intensity and frequency of the multi-magnetic resonance is successfully *** magnetic resonance peak-differentiating and imitating results confirm that significant multi-magnetic resonance phenomenon emerges around 35 GHz due to the reinforced exchange coupling effect between Fe^(3+)and Fe^(2+)***,Mosbauer spectra analysis,first-principle calculations,and least square fitting collectively identify that additional La^(3+)doping leads to a profound rearrangement of Zr^(4+)occupation and thus makes the portion of polarization/conduction loss increase *** a consequence,the La^(3+)-Zr^(4+)co-doped BaM achieves an ultra-broad bandwidth of 12.5+GHz covering from 27.5 to 40+GHz,which holds remarkable potential for millimeter-wave absorbers around the atmospheric window of 35 GHz.

关键词： Microwave absorption ultra-broad bandwidth M-type barium ferrite Magnetocrystalline anisotropy field Multimagnetic resonance

On the evolution and formation of discharge morphology in pu.s.d dielectric barrier discharge

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Plasma science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 101-113页

作者：陈星宇李孟琦王威逸张权治彭涛熊紫兰 state Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People’s Republic of China school of Physics Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024People’s Republic of China Wuhan national High Magnetic Field Center Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People’s Republic of China

The discharge morphology of pu.s.d dielectric barrier discharge(PDBD) plays important roles in its applications. Here, we systematically investigated the effects of the voltage amplitude,discharge gap, and O_(2)content on the PDBD morphology, and revealed the possible underlying mechanism of the u.s.aped formation. First, the morphological evolution under different conditions was recorded. A unique u.s.aped region appears in the middle edge region when the gap is larger than 2 mm, while the entire discharge region remains columnar under a 2 mm gap in He PDBD. The width of the discharge and the u.s.aped region increase with the increase in voltage, and decrease with the increase of the gap and O_(2)content. To explain this phenomenon,a two-dimensional symmetric model was developed to simulate the spatiotemporal evolution of different species and calculate the electric thrust. The discharge morphology evolution directly corresponds to the excited-state atomic reduction process. The electric thrust on the charged particles mainly determines the reaction region and strongly influences the u.s.aped *** the gap is less than 2 mm, the electric thrust is homogeneous throughout the entire region,resulting in a columnar shape. However, when the gap is larger than 2 mm or O_(2)is added, the electric thrust in the edge region becomes greater than that in the middle, leading to the u.s.aped formation. Furthermore, in He PDBD, the charged particles generating electric thrust are mainly electrons and helium ions, while in He/O_(2)PDBD those that generate electric thrust at the outer edge of the electrode surface are mainly various oxygen-containing ions.

关键词： low-temperature plasma dielectric barrier discharge discharge morphology particle distribution electric thrust