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Predicting intensity of white-tailed deer herbivory in the Central Appalachian Mountains

Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第3期29卷 830-839页

作者： Andrew B.Kniowski W.Mark Ford department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Tech u.s. Geological survey Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Virginia Tech

In eastern North America, white-tailed deer(Odocoileus virginianus) can have profound influences on forest biodiversity and forest successional *** to high deer populations in the central Appalachians have resulted in lower forest *** effects in some areas persist even following deer population reductions or declines. This has prompted managers to consider deer population management goals in light of policies designed to support conservation of biodiversity and forest regeneration while continuing to support ample recreational hunting opportunities. However,despite known relationships between herbivory intensity and biodiversity impact, little information exists on the predictability of herbivory intensity across the varied and spatially diverse habitat conditions of the central Appalachians. We examined the predictability of browsing rates across central Appalachian landscapes at four environmental scales: vegetative community characteristics, physical environment, habitat configuration, and local human and deer population demographics. In an information-theoretic approach, we found that a model fitting the number of stems browsed relative to local vegetation characteristics received most(62%) of the overall support of all tested models assessing herbivory impact. Our data suggest that deer herbivory responded most predictably to differences in vegetation quantity and type. No other spatial factors or demographic factors consistently affected browsing intensity. Because herbivory, vegetation communities, and productivity vary spatially, we suggest that effective broad-scale herbivory impact assessment should include spatially-balanced vegetation monitoring that accounts for regional differences in deer forage *** monitoring is necessary to avoid biodiversity impacts and deleterious changes in vegetation community composition that are difficult to reverse and/or may not be detected using traditional deer-density based

关键词： Biodiversity Central Appalachian Mountains Herbivory Odocoileus virginianus Predicting browsing intensity White-tailed deer

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Dispersal behavior correlates with personality of a North American fish

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 260-270页

作者： Josh E. RAsMu.s.N Mark C. BELK u.s. Fish and Wildlife service Klamath Falls OR 97603 USA department of Biology Brigham Young University Provo UT 84602 USA

The process of dispersal is determined by the interaction of individual （intrinsic） traits and environmental （extrinsic） factors. Although many studies address and quantify dispersal, few evaluate both intrinsic and extrinsic factors jointly. We test the relative importance of intrinsic traits （exploration tendency and size） and extrinsic factors （population density and habitat quality） on dispersal of a medium-sized western united states minnow, southern leatherside chub Lepidomeda aliciae. A generalized linear model with a binomial response was used to determine the probability of individuals dispersing one year after tagging. Medium-sized individuals that were more prone to explore novel environments were 10.7 times more likely to be recaptured ou.s.de of their original capture area after a year （dispersal） compared to non-explorer individuals of the same size class. Differences be- tween explorer classifications within the small and large size classes were negligible. Open habitat within 50 m u.s.ream also in- creased the probability of dispersal relative to controls. Relative location within the study reach, and population density were not significantly related to dispersal probabilities of individuals. Our results indicate that understanding of personality may illuminate patterns of dispersal within and among populations

关键词： Temperament Behavioral phenotype Exploration Lepidomeda Personality-dependent

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Metal intercalation-induced selective adatom mass transport on graphene

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Nano Research 2016年第5期9卷 1434-1441页

作者： Xiaojie Liu Cai-Zhuang Wang Myron Hupalo Hai-Qing Lin Kai-Ming Ho Patricia A. Thiel Michael C. Tringides Center for Quantum science and school of Physics Northeast Normal University Changchun 730777 China Ames Laboratory-u.s. department of Energy and Department of Physics and Astronomy Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA Beijing Computational science Research Center Beijing 100084 China Ames Laboratory-u.s. department of Energy Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA

Recent experiments indicate that metal intercalation is a very effective method to manipulate the graphene-adatom interaction and control metal nanostructure formation on graphene. A key qu.s.ion is mass transport, i.e., how atoms deposited uniformly on graphene populate different areas depending on the local intercalation. using first-principles calculations, we show that partially intercalated graphene, with a mixture of intercalated and pristine areas, can induce an alternating electric field because of the spatial variations in electron doping, and thus, an oscillatory electrostatic potential. This alternating field can change normal stochastic adatom diffusion to biased diffusion, leading to selective mass transport and consequent nucleation, on either the intercalated or pristine areas, depending on the charge state of the adatoms.

关键词： graphene intercalation electrostatic potential selective adsorption first-principle calculation

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sensing grain and seed moisture and density from dielectric properties

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2011年第1期4卷 75-81页

作者： stuart O.Nelson D.sc.samir Trabelsi u.s.department of agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceRussell Research CenterAthensGeorgiaU.S.A.

The importance of moisture measurement in grain and seed is discu.s.d,and a brief history of the development of moisture sensing instruments,based on sensing of dielectric properties of these materials,is *** are presented graphically on the permittivities or dielectric properties of grain and seed showing their variation with frequency,moisture content,temperature,and bulk density,and references are cited for further *** recent developments on microwave measurements for moisture content and bulk density sensing are briefly described,and numerous studies are cited providing sources of information on these newer techniqu.s.

关键词： sensing dielectric properties moisture content density permittivity cereal grain oilseed

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Difference in volatile profile between pericarp tissue and locular gel in tomato fruit

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2016年第12期15卷 2911-2920页

作者： WANG Li-bin Jinhe Bai Yu Zhi-fang College of Food science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P.R. China u.s. Horticultural Research Laboratory Agricultural Research Service (ARS) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Ft. Pierce 34945 USA

Aroma, a complex mixture of volatile compounds, plays an important role in the perception and acceptability of tomato products by consumers. Numerous studies have reported volatile profiles in tomatoes based on measurement of the whole fruit or pericarp tissue, however, little is understood regarding the volatile compositions in the inner tissu.s. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences in volatile profile between pericarp tissue and Iocular gel in tomato fruit. Based on Hs-sPME-GC-Ms analysis, totally 42 volatile compounds were detected in FL 47 and Tasti-Lee tomato fruits. Regardless of cultivars, a su.s.antial higher concentration of total volatile compounds was observed in pericarp than that in/ocular gel, associated with higher levels of aldehydes, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen compounds. Pericarp tissue possessed higher levels of cis-3-hexenal, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, cymene, terpinolene, undecane, dodecane, 2-phenylethanol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 1-nitro-pentane, and 1-nitro-2-phenylethane, while the abundances of 2-methylpropanal, butanal, 2-methylbutanal, 2-methyl-2-butenal, 2-methylpropanol, 3-methylbutanol, 2-methylbutanol, and 2-butanone were higher in Iocular gel. Principal component analysis （PCA） and cluster analysis using GC-Ms and electronic nose （E-nose） data discriminated the two tissu.s.

关键词： solanum lycopersicum tomato fruit volatile profile pericarp Iocular gel

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Conversion of confined metal@ZIF-8 structures to intermetallic nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped carbon for electrocatalysis

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Nano Research 2018年第6期11卷 3469-3479页

作者： Zhiyuan Qi Yuchen Pei Tian Wei Goh Zhaoyi Wang Xinle Li Mary Lowe Raghu V. Maligal-Ganesh Wenyu Huang department of Chemistry Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA Ames Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy Ames Iowa 50011 USA department of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

We report a facile strategy to synthesize intermetallic nanoparticle （iNP） electrocatalysts via one-pot pyrolysis of a zeolitic imidazolate framework, ZIF-8, encapsulating precious metal nanoparticles （NPs）. ZIF-8 serves not only as precu.s.r for N-doped carbon （NC）, but also as Zn source for the formation of intermetallic or alloy NPs with the encapsulated metals. The resulting sub-4 nm PtZn iNPs embedded in NC exhibit high sintering resistance up to 1,000℃. Importantly, the present methodology allows fine-tuning of both composition （e.g., PdZn and RhZn iNPs, as well as AuZn and RuZn alloy NPs） and size （2.4, 3.7, and 5.4 nm PtZn） of the as-formed bimetallic NPs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a metal-organic framework （MOF） with multiple functionalities, such as secondary metal source, carbon precu.s.r, and size-regulating reagent, which promote the formation of iNPs. This work opens a new avenue for the synthesis of highly uniform and stable iNPs.

关键词： intermetallic compounds cage confinement pyrolysis electrocatalysis sintering resistance

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Assessment of suitable reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis in Adelphocoris suturalis

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2018年第12期17卷 2745-2757页

作者： LuO Jing MA Chao LI Zhe ZHu Bang-qin ZHANG Jiang LEI Chao-liang JIN shuang-xia J.Joe Hull CHEN Li-zhen National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research Huazhong Agricultural University Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources College of Life Science Hubei University Hubei Insect Resources utilization and sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural University u.s. Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture

Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) is the most commonly-used tool for measurement of gene expression, but its accuracy and reliability depend on appropriate data normalization with the use of one or more stable reference genes. Adelphocoris suturalis is one of the most destructive pests of cotton, but until recently knowledge of its underlying molecular physiology had been hindered by a lack of molecular resources. To facilitate research on this pest, we evaluated 12 common housekeeping genes studied in insects(GAPDH, ACT, βACT, TBP, sDH, βTuB, EF1γ, EF1α, EF1δ, RPL32, RPs15, and RPL27) for their expression stability in A. suturalis when subjected to various experimental treatments, including three biotic(developmental stage and sex, tissue type, and metathoracic scent gland for varying developmental stages and sexes) and one abiotic(RNA interference injection) conditions. Four dedicated algorithms(ΔCt method, geNorm, BestKeeper and NormFinder) were used to analyze gene expression stability. In addition, RefFinder provided an overall ranking of the stability/suitability of these candidates. This study is the first to provide a comprehensive list of suitable reference genes for gene expression analyses in A. suturalis, which can serve to facilitate transcript expression study of related biological processes in this and related species.

关键词： Adelphocoris suturalis reference gene qRT-PCR normalization expression stability

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Inundative field releases and evaluation of three predators for Bemisia tabaci （Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae） management in three vegetable crops

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Insect science 2011年第2期18卷 195-202页

作者： Alvin M. simmons shaaban Abd-Rabou usDA ARS U.S. Vegetable Laboratory Charleston South Carolina ARC PPRI Dokki Giza Egypt

The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius）（Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae）, is a global pest on numerous crops, including vegetables. Weekly inundative releases of a coccinellid predator （Coccinella undecimpunctata L. [Coleoptera： Coccinellidae]）, a common green lacewing predator （Chrysoperla carnea stephen [Neuroptera： Chrysopidae]）, and a mirid predator （Macrolophus caliginosus [Wagner] [Hemiptera： Miridae]） were independently made in three vegetable crops （cabbage [Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.], cucumber [Cucumis sativus L.], and squ.s. [Cucurbita pepo L.]） for the management of the sweetpotato whitefly. Approximately 1 million to 2.5 million larvae or nymphs of each predator were released in the vegetable crops during 20 weeks. Whitefly populations were reduced by ≈ 25%-45% during most of the season in each crop where each predator was released. The effect of each predator was similar on whitefly population reduction. Late in the season （October） when whitefly populations were low, generally no benefit was obtained from releasing the predators. Numbers of predators recovered during sampling in all crops were greatest for C. carnea, but this corresponded with the fact that more individuals of this predator were released than any other predator in the experiment. These results help define the utility of these natural enemies for managing B. tabaci in vegetable crops.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci Chrysoperla carnea Coccinella undecimpunctata Macrolophus caliginosus inundative release sweetpotato whitefly

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In-situ.s.RIMP u-Pb Dating of Xenotime Outgrowth on Detrital Zircon Grains from the Changzhougou Formation of the Ming Tomb District, Beijing

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Acta Geologica sinica(English Edition) 2015年第1期89卷 304-305页

作者： sHI Yuruo Kennedy ALLEN Aleinikoff JOHN sONG Tianrui LI Linlin suN Huiyi Beijing sHRIMP Center Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences department of Applied Physics Curtin University u.s. Geological survey

sHRIMP u-Pb dating of diagenetic xenotime from sedimentary rocks has provided age constraints for sedimentary diagenesis （McNaughton et al., 1999; Fletcher et al., 2000; England et al., 2001; Rasmu.s.n et al., 2004; Vallini et al., 2007）. Xenotime （YPO4） may grow during early diagenesis, typically being present as a trace constituent in siliciclastic sedimentary rocks （Rasmu.s.n, 2005）, in the form of syntaxial outgrowths on detrital zircon grains. Diagenetic xenotime occu.s.in a wide variety of rock types, including conglomerate,

关键词： sHRIMP Pb Beijing

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spontaneous Orientation Polarization of Anisotropic Equivalent Dipoles Harnessed by Entropy Engineering for ultra‑Thin Electromagnetic Wave Absorber

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 424-438页

作者： Honghan Wang Xinyu Xiao shangru Zhai Chuang Xue Guangping Zheng Deqing Zhang Renchao Che Junye Cheng Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic BiorefinerySchool of Light Industry and Chemical EngineeringDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalian 116034People’s Republic of China school of Life science and Biotechnology Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024People’s Republic of China department of Mechanical Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China school of Materials science and Engineering Qiqihar UniversityQiqihar 161006People’s Republic of China Laboratory of Advanced Materials Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsAcademy for Engineering&TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200438People’s Republic of China department of Materials science Shenzhen MSU-BIT UniversityShenzhen 517182People’s Republic of China

The synthesis of carbon supporter/nanoscale high-entropy alloys(HEAs)electromagnetic response composites by carbothermal shock method has been identified as an advanced strategy for the collaborative competition engineering of conductive/dielectric *** migration modes within HEAs as manipulated by the electronegativity,valence electron configurations and molar proportions of constituent elements determine the steady state and efficiency of equivalent ***,enlightened by skin-like effect,a reformative carbothermal shock method using carbonized cellulose paper(CCP)as carbon supporter is used to preserve the oxygencontaining functional grou.s.O·)of carbonized cellulose fibers(CCF).Nucleation of HEAs and construction of emblematic shell-core CCF/HEAs heterointerfaces are inextricably linked to carbon metabolism induced by O·.Meanwhile,the electron migration mode of switchable electronrich sites promotes the orientation polarization of anisotropic equivalent *** virtue of the reinforcement strategy,CCP/HEAs composite prepared by 35%molar ratio of Mn element(CCP/HEAs-Mn_(2.15))achieves efficient electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption of−51.35 dB at an ultra-thin thickness of 1.03 *** mechanisms of the resulting dielectric properties of HEAs-based EMW absorbing materials are elucidated by combining theoretical calculations with experimental characterizations,which provide theoretical bases and feasible strategies for the simulation and practical application of electromagnetic functional devices(e.g.,ultra-wideband bandpass filter).

关键词： High-entropy alloys Carbothermal shock switchable electron migration modes Emblematic shell-core heterointerfaces ultra-thin thickness

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