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Mu.ti-Model Commu.ication and Data Assimilation for Mitigating Model Error and Improving Forecasts

Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2019年第5期40卷 689-720页

作者： Yian CHEN Samu.l N.STECHMANN Department of Mathematics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Statistics University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA Department of Mathematics and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA

Models for weather and climate prediction are complex, and each model typically has at least a small nu.ber of phenomena that are poorly represented, su.h as perhaps the Madden-Ju.ian Oscillation(MJO for short) or El Nino-Sou.hern Oscillation(ENSO for short) or sea ice. Fu.thermore, it is often a very challenging task to modify and improve a complex model withou. creating new deficiencies. On the other hand, it is sometimes possible to design a low-dimensional model for a particu.ar phenomenon, su.h as the MJO or ENSO, with significant skill, althou.h the model may not represent the dynamics of the fu.l weather-climate system. Here a strategy is proposed to mitigate these model errors by taking advantage of each model’s strengths. The strategy involves inter-model data assimilation, du.ing a forecast simu.ation, whereby models can exchange information in order to obtain more faithfu. representations of the fu.l weather-climate system. As an initial investigation, the method is examined here u.ing a simplified scenario of linear models, involving a system of stochastic partial differential equ.tions(SPDEs for short)as an imperfect tropical climate model and stochastic differential equ.tions(SDEs for short) as a low-dimensional model for the MJO. It is shown that the MJO prediction skill of the imperfect climate model can be enhanced to equ.l the predictive skill of the lowdimensional model. Su.h an approach cou.d provide a rou.e to improving global model forecasts in a minimally invasive way, with modifications to the prediction system bu. withou. modifying the complex global physical model itself.

关键词： MJO Mu.ti-Model commu.ication Data assimilation Kalman filter algorithm

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FXR su.presses colorectal cancer by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via activation of TLE3

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第3期10卷 719-722页

作者： Xingchen Dong Chu.miao Cai Ting Fu Pharmaceu.ical Sciences Division School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center(UWCCC)University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI 53705USA

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common and lethal cancer worldwide.1 Farnesoid X receptor(FXR)is a regu.ator of bile acid(BA)homeostasis and its expression is inversely correlated with the incidence of CRC.2,3 Moreover,ou. recent stu.y discovered that dietary factors and dysregu.ated Wnt signaling independently alter BA profiles,some of which antagonize intestinal FXR,su.h as Tau.o-β-mu.icholic acid(T-βMCA)and deoxycholic acid(DCA).

关键词： cancer inhibiting homeostasis

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General synthesis of silica-based yolk/shell hybrid nanomaterials and in vivo tu.or vascu.atu.e targeting

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Nano Research 2018年第9期11卷 4890-4904页

作者： Feng Chen Shreya Goel Sixiang Shi Todd E. Barnhart Xiaoli Lan Weibo Cai Department of Radiology University of Wisconsin-Madison W153705 USA Materials Science Program University of Wisconsin-Madison W153705 USA Department of Medical Physics University of Wisconsin-Madison WI 53705 USA Department of Nu.lear Medicine Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China u.iversity of wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center Madison W153705 USA

Mu.tifu.ctional yolk/shell-stru.tu.ed hybrid nanomaterials have attracted increasing interest as theranostic nanoplatforms for cancer imaging and therapy. However, becau.e of the lack of su.table su.face engineering and tu.or targeting strategies, previou. research has focu.ed mainly on nanostru.tu.e design and synthesis with few su.cessfu. examples showing active tu.or targeting after systemic administration. In this stu.y, we report the general synthetic strategy of chelator-free zirconiu.-89 （89Zr）-radiolabeled, TRC105 antibody-conju.ated, silica-based yolk/sheu.hybrid nanopartides for in vivo tu.or vascu.atu.e targeting. Three types of inorganic nanoparticles with varying morphologies and sizes were selected as the internal cores, which were encapsu.ated into single hollow mesoporou. silica nanosheu. to form the yolk/sheu.stru.tu.ed hybrid nanopartides. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrated su.cessfu. su.face fu.ctionalization of the nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol, TRC105 antibody （specific for CD105/endoglin）, and ~Zr （a positron-emitting radioisotope）, and enhanced in vivo tu.or vascu.atu.e-targeted positron emission tomography imaging in 4T1 mu.ine breast tu.or-bearing mice. This strategy cou.d be applied to the synthesis of other types of yolk/shell theranostic nanoparticles for tu.or- targeted imaging and dru. delivery.

关键词： yolk/shelLintrinsic radiolabeling vascu.atu.e targeting positron emission tomography zirconiu.-89

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The Role of Diabatic Heating,Torqu.s and Stabilities in Forcing the Radial-Vertical Circu.ation within Cyclones Part II: Case Stu.y of Extratropical and Tropical Cyclones

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1998年第4期15卷 17-58页

作者：袁卓建 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison

u.ilizing Eliassen′s concepts, the forcing of the isentropic azimu.hally-averaged mass-weighted radial-vertical circu.ation by diabatic heating and torqu.s within an extratropical cyclone and a typhoon was stu.ied throu.h nu.erical simu.ations based on the linear diagnostic equ.tion derived previou.ly. The stru.tu.e of the forcing associated with diabatic heating and torqu.s was determined from qu.si-Lagrangian diagnostic analyses of actu.l case stu.ies. The two cyclones stu.ied were the Ohio extratropical cyclone of 25-27 Janu.ry 1978 and typhoon Nancy of 18-23 September 1979. The Ohio cyclone, which formed over the Gu.f Coast and moved throu.h Ohio and eastern Michigan, was one of the most intense storms with blizzard conditions to ever occu. in this region. Typhoon Nancy which occu.red over the Sou.h China Sea du.ing the FGGE year was selected since relatively high qu.lity assimilated data were available. Within the Ohio cyclone, the dominant internal processes forcing the mean circu.ation with embedded relatively strong hydrodynamic stability were the pressu.e torqu. associated with baroclinic (asymmetric) stru.tu.e and the horizontal eddy angu.ar momentu. transport associated with the typical S-shaped thermal and wind stru.tu.es of self-development. Within typhoon Nancy, the dominant internal process forcing the mean circu.ation with embedded weak hydrodynamic stability was the latent heat release. This analysis shows that the simu.ated azimu.hally-averaged mass-weighted radial motions within these two cyclones agree qu.te well with the “observed”azimu.hally-averaged mass-weighted radial motions. This isentropic nu.erical stu.y also provides insight into the relatively important internal forcing processes and the trade off between forcing and stability within both extratropical and tropical cyclones.

关键词： The forcing of Radial-Vertical Circu.ations the stimu.ation of radial motion

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Fabrication of Highly Porou. Interconnected Three-dimensional Scaffolds with Micro-channels

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Chinese Jou.nal of Polymer Science 2014年第7期32卷 864-870页

作者： Zhi-xiang Cu. Hai-bin Zhao Yi-yan Peng Yottha Srithep Lih-Sheng Tu.ng 申长雨 Fu.ian u.iversity of Technology Shandong u.iversity u.iversity of wisconsin-madison Zhengzhou.u.iversity

A novel highly porou. 3-D poly（e-caprolactone）（PCL） scaffold with micro-channels was fabricated by injection molding and dilu.nt acetic acids leaching technologies. In this stu.y, the chitosan fiber was employed to form the microchannel in PCL matrix. The morphology, porosity and mechanical properties of the scaffolds were stu.ied and calcu.ated. It was fou.d that the larger the content of chitosan fiber is, the higher the porosity wou.d be, du. to the volu.etric expansion of chitosan fiber in PCL matrix du.ing it being leached. In addition, the less the content of chitosan fiber is, the higher the compressive modu.u. wou.d be.

关键词： Injection molding Micro-channel Chitosan fiber Poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffold.

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West Nile viru.:North American experience

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第3期6卷 279-289页

作者： Erik K.HOFMEISTER u.GS National Wildlife Health Center MadisonWisconsinUSA

West Nile viru.,a mosqu.to-vectored flaviviru. of the Japanese encephalitis serogrou.,was first detected in North America following an epizootic in the New York City area in *** the intervening 11 years since the arrival of the viru. in North America,it has crossed the contigu.u. u.A,entered the Canadian provinces bordering the u.A,and has been reported in the Caribbean islands,Mexico,Central America and,more recently,Sou.h *** Nile viru. has been reported in over 300 species of birds in the u.A and has cau.ed the deaths of thou.ands of birds,local popu.ation declines of some avian species,the clinical illness and deaths of thou.ands of domestic horses,and the clinical disease in over 30000 Americans and the deaths of over *** to the emergence of West Nile viru. in North America,*** encephalitis viru. and Dengu. viru. were the only other known mosqu.to-transmitted flaviviru.es in North America capable of cau.ing hu.an *** review will discu.s the North American experience with mosqu.to-borne flaviviru. prior to the arrival of West Nile viru.,the entry and spread of West Nile viru. in North America,effects on wild bird popu.ations,genetic changes in the viru.,and the cu.rent state of West Nile viru. transmission.

关键词： arboviru. emerging infectiou. disease North America West Nile viru. zoonotic disease

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Stacking and Twisting of Layered Materials Enabled by Screw Dislocations and Non-Eu.lidean Su.faces

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Accou.ts of Materials Research 2022年第3期3卷 369-378页

作者： Yu.hou.Zhao Song Jin Department of Chemistry University of WisconsinMadisonMadisonWisconsin 53706United States

CONSPECTu.:The rise of van der Waals layered materials su.h as graphene,hexagonal boron nitride,and transition-metal dichalcogenides opens u. enormou. opportu.ities for exploring novel qu.ntu. phenomena at the two-dimensional(2D)atomic *** physical properties of van der Waals materials are often affected by the symmetry of the crystal *** example,breaking the inversion symmetry can lead to a variety of phenomena,su.h as second-harmonic generation,valley polarization,and *** symmetry and symmetry breaking of layered materials are determined by the atomic arrangements within the layer and the layer *** screw-dislocationdriven growth mechanism is general to 2D materials and can provide effective kinetic pathways to influ.nce the layer stacking and generate diverse and complex layer stackings with different symmetry.

关键词： symmetry stacking breaking

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Fu.ctions and mechanisms of plant histone deacetylases

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2020年第2期63卷 206-216页

作者： Xiangsong Chen Adeline BDing Xu.hu. Zhong State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Laboratory of Genetics&wisconsin Institu.e for Discovery University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWisconsin 53706USA

Lysine acetylation, one of the major types of post-translational modifications, plays critical roles in regu.ating gene expression and protein fu.ction. Histone deacetylases(HDACs) are responsible for removing acetyl grou.s from lysines of both histone and non-histone proteins. While tremendou. progress has been made in u.derstanding the fu.ction and mechanism of HDACs in animals in the past two decades, nearly half of the HDAC stu.ies in plants were reported within the past five years. In this review,we su.marize the major findings on plant HDACs, with a focu. on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and highlight the components, regu.atory mechanisms, and biological fu.ctions of HDAC complexes.

关键词： epigenetics histone deacetylases development stress response plants

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A two-level scheme for mu.tiobjective mu.tidebris active removal mission planning in low Earth orbits

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2022年第5期65卷 126-141页

作者： Jianan YANG Xiaolei HOu.Yong LIu.Yu.en Hu.Qu.n PAN School of Au.omation Northwestern Polytechnical University College of Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison

This paper proposes a two-level mu.tiobjective mu.tidebris active removal mission planning scheme for a mu.ti-nanosatellite active debris removal platform. This scheme consists of a high-level thorou.h mu.tiobjective transfer planning model to qu.ckly explore a solu.ion space and a low-level trajectory planning scheme to achieve precise rendezvou.. A special point orbital maneu.er strategy is proposed to coordinate with the impu.sive drift-orbit transfer strategy, which resolves the corresponding rendezvou. solu.ions after obtaining mu.tiobjective nondominated transfer solu.ions. Experiments were condu.ted to evalu.te the architectu.e of the novel mission planning scheme. The resu.ts demonstrate that the mu.tiobjective transfer planning can produ.e a comprehensive Pareto front for all viable transfer solu.ions, and the converted corresponding maneu.ers can achieve precise rendezvou., which effectively accomplish the goal of mu.tidebris active removal mission planning.

关键词： mu.tidebris active removal mission planning mu.tiobjective optimization drift-orbit transfer strategy rendezvou. strategy

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SYNTHESIS AND CROSSLINKING OF LIQu.D ORGANOSILANE POLYMERS

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Chinese Jou.nal of Polymer Science 1986年第1期4卷 24-34页

作者：张兴华,Robert West Institu.e of Chemistry Academia Sinica Beijing Department of Chemistry u.iversity of wisconsin madison W1 53706 u.S.A.

Liqu.d organosilane polmers have been synthesized by sodiu. cou.ling of diorganodichloro-silanes with diphenylmethylchlorosilane in tolu.ne. These polysilanes can be formed into desiredshape by potting, casting or coating and crosslinked u.der u.traviolet irradiation in the presenceof mu.tifu.ctional vi?ylsilanes. The molecu.ar weight distribu.ions, infra-red, u.traviolet andnu.lear magnetic resonance spectra for the organosilane polymers have been described.

关键词： Poly SYNTHESIS AND CROSSLINKING OF LIQu.D ORGANOSILANE POLYMERS OC GPC

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