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Folding metamaterials with extremely strong electromagnetic resonance

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Photonics Research 2022年第9期10卷 2215-2222页

作者： HARRY MIYOSI SILALAHI WEI-FAN CHIANG YI-HONG SHIH WAN-YI WEI JOU-YU SU CHIA-YI HUANG Department of Applied Physics Tunghai UniversityTaichung 40704China Department of Photonics Taiwan Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70101China

Aqueous solutions cannot be detected using transmissive terahertz metamaterials because water strongly absorbs terahertz waves.Transmissive terahertz metamaterials are easier to integrate terahertz emitters and receivers into single and compact devices than reflective terahertz metamaterials.The detection of aqueous solutions using transmissive terahertz metamaterials is a big challenge.This work fabricates a transmissive terahertz metamaterial using a folding metamaterial comprising split-ring resonators(SRRs)with nano-profiles with a high aspect ratio of41.4.The folding metamaterial has a small transmittance of-49 d B at its resonance frequency,large transmittance contrast of approximately 6×10^(4)with respect to the transmittance of its substrate,large refractive index sensitivity of 647 GHz/RIU,and large quality factor of 37.This result arises from the nano-profiles of the SRRs.The nanoprofiles increase the surface areas of the SRRs,increasing their surface currents and enhancing the electromagnetic resonance of the folding metamaterial.The folding metamaterial detects a 188-μm-thick rabbit-blood layer that is deposited on it,which cannot be detected by using a common metamaterial.This result reveals that folding metamaterials have potential in detecting the products of live microorganisms with geometrical sizes up to several hundreds of micrometers,such as hydrogen gas,hydrocarbons,and antibodies.

关键词： resonance sizes integrate

Two-Stage High-Efficiency Encryption Key Update Scheme for LoRaWAN Based IoT Environment

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 547-562页

作者： Kun-Lin Tsai Li-Woei Chen Fang-Yie Leu Chuan-Tian Wu Department of Electrical Engineering Tunghai UniversityTaichung407Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai UniversityTaichung407Taiwan Department of Computer and Information Sciences Chinese Military AcademyKaohsiung830Taiwan Department of Computer Science Tunghai UniversityTaichung407Taiwan Emergency Response Management Center Industry-Academia Collaboration and University Extension DivisionMing-Chuan UniversityTaipei111Taiwan

Secure data communication is an essential requirement for an Internet of Things(IoT)system.Especially in Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)and Internet of Medical Things(IoMT)systems,when important data are hacked,it may induce property loss or life hazard.Even though many IoTrelated communication protocols are equipped with secure policies,they still have some security weaknesses in their IoT systems.LoRaWAN is one of the low power wide-area network protocols,and it adopts Advanced Encryption Standard(AES)to provide message integrity and confidentiality.However,LoRaWAN’s encryption key update scheme can be further improved.In this paper,a Two-stage High-efficiency LoRaWAN encryption key Update Scheme(THUS for short)is proposed to update LoRaWAN’s root keys and session keys in a secure and efficient way.The THUS consists of two stages,i.e.,the Root Key Update(RKU)stage and the Session Key Update(SKU)stage,and with different update frequencies,the RKU and SKU provide higher security level than the normal LoRaWAN specification does.A modified AES encryption/decryption process is also utilized in the THUS for enhancing the security of the THUS.The security analyses demonstrate that the THUS not only protects important parameter during key update stages,but also satisfies confidentiality,integrity,and mutual authentication.Moreover,The THUS can further resist replay and eavesdropping attacks.

关键词： Key update AES LoRaWAN IoT security high efficiency

A Coordination-Based Algorithm for Dedicated Destination Vehicle Routing in B2B E-Commerce

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第3期40卷 895-911页

作者： Tsung-Yin Ou Chen-Yang Cheng Chun Hsiung Lai Hsin-Pin Fu Department of Marketing and Distribution Management National Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyTaiwan Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Taipei University of TechnologyTaiwan Department of Enterprise Information and Industrial Engineering Tunghai UniversityTaiwan

This paper proposes a solution to the open vehicle routing problem with time windows(OVRPTW)considering third-party logistics(3PL).For the typical OVRPTW problem,most researchers consider time windows,capacity,routing limitations,vehicle destination,etc.Most researchers who previously investigated this problem assumed the vehicle would not return to the depot,but did not consider its final destination.However,by considering 3PL in the B2B e-commerce,the vehicle is required back to the nearest 3PL location with available space.This paper formulates the problem as a mixed integer linear programming(MILP)model with the objective of minimizing the total travel distance.A coordinate representation particle swarm optimization(CRPSO)algorithm is developed to obtain the best delivery sequencing and the capacity of each vehicle.Results of the computational study show that the proposed method provides solution within a reasonable amount of time.Finally,the result compared to PSO also indicates that the CRPSO is effective.

关键词： Third-party logistics open vehicle routing problem with time windows dedicated destination Notations

A Wrapping Encryption Based on Double Randomness Mechanism

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第10期77卷 1143-1164页

作者： Yi-Li Huang Fang-Yie Leu Ruey-Kai Sheu Jung-Chun Liu Chi-Jan Huang Department of Computer Science Tunghai UniversityTaichung40764Taiwan Emergency Response Management Center Ming Chung UniversityTaipei11103Taiwan General Education Center Ming Chuan UniversityTaipei11103Taiwan

Currently,data security mainly relies on password(PW)or system channel key(SKCH)to encrypt data before they are sent,no matter whether in broadband networks,the 5th generation(5G)mobile communications,satellite communications,and so on.In these environments,a fixed password or channel key(e.g.,PW/SKCH)is often adopted to encrypt different data,resulting in security risks since thisPW/SKCH may be solved after hackers collect a huge amount of encrypted data.Actually,the most popularly used security mechanism Advanced Encryption Standard(AES)has its own problems,e.g.,several rounds have been solved.On the other hand,if data protected by the same PW/SKCH at different time points can derive different data encryption parameters,the system’s security level will be then greatly enhanced.Therefore,in this study,a security scheme,named Wrapping Encryption Based on Double Randomness Mechanism(WEBDR),is proposed by integrating a password key(or a system channel key)and an Initialization Vector(IV)to generate an Initial Encryption Key(IEK).Also,an Accumulated Shifting Substitution(ASS)function and a three-dimensional encryption method are adopted to produce a set of keys.Two randomness encryption mechanisms are developed.The first generates system sub-keys and calculates the length of the first pseudo-random numbers by employing IEK for providing subsequent encryption/decryption.The second produces a random encryption key and a sequence of internal feedback codes and computes the length of the second pseudo-random numbers for encrypting delivered messages.A wrapped mechanism is further utilized to pack a ciphertext file so that a wrapped ciphertext file,rather than the ciphertext,will be produced and then transmitted to its destination.The findings are as follows.Our theoretic analyses and simulations demonstrate that the security of the WEBDR in cloud communication has achieved its practical security.Also,AES requires 176 times exclusive OR(XOR)operations for both encryption and decryption,while the WEBDR consumes only 3 ope

关键词： Initial encryption key accumulated shifting substitution three-dimensional operation wrapped ciphertext file

Floating terahertz metamaterials with extremely large refractive index sensitivities

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Photonics Research 2021年第10期9卷 1970-1978页

作者： HARRY MIYOSI SILALAHI YIN-PEI CHEN YI-HONG SHIH YU-SHAO CHEN XIN-YU LIN JIH-HSIN LIU CHIA-YI HUANG Department of Applied Physics Tunghai UniversityTaichung 40704China Department of Photonics Taiwan Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70101China Department of Electrical Engineering Tunghai UniversityTaichung 40704China

In the diagnosis of severe contagious diseases such as Ebola,severe acute respiratory syndrome,and COVID-19,there is an urgent need for protein sensors with large refractive index sensitivities.Current terahertz metamaterials cannot be used to develop such protein sensors due to their low refractive index sensitivities.A simple method is proposed that is compatible with all geometrical structures of terahertz metamaterials to increase their refractive index sensitivities.This method uses patterned photoresist to float the split-ring resonators(SRRs)of a terahertz metamaterial at a height of 30μm from its substrate that is deposited with complementary SRRs.The floating terahertz metamaterial has an extremely large refractive index sensitivity of 532 GHz/RIU because its near field is not distributed over the substrate and also because the complementary SRRs confine the field above the substrate.The floating terahertz metamaterial senses bovine serum albumin(BSA)and the protein binding of BSA and anti-BSA as BSA,and anti-BSA solutions with low concentrations that are smaller than 0.150μmol/L are sequentially dropped onto it.The floating terahertz metamaterial is a great achievement to develop protein sensors with extremely large refractive index sensitivities,and has the potential to sense dangerous viruses.

关键词： refractive floating complementary

Effects of Climate Change and Shifts in Forest Composition on Forest Net Primary Production

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1426-1439页

作者： Jyh-Min Chiang Louts R.Iverson Anantha Prasad Kim J.Brown Department of Environmental and Plant Biology Ohio University United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Northern Research Station Department of Life Science Tunghai University

Forests are dynamic in both structure and species composition, and these dynamics are strongly influenced by climate. However, the net effects of future tree species composition on net primary production （NPP） are not well understood. The objective of this work was to model the potential range shifts of tree species （DISTRIB Model） and predict their impacts on NPP （PnET-Ⅱ Model） that will be associated with alterations in species composition. We selected four 200 × 200 km areas in Wisconsin, Maine, Arkansas, and the Ohio-West Virginia area, representing focal areas of potential species range shifts. PnET-Ⅱ model simulations were carried out assuming that all forests achieved steady state, of which the species compositions were predicted by DISTRIB model with no migration limitation. The total NPP under the current climate ranged from 552 to 908 g C/m^2 per year. The effects of potential species redistributions on NPP were moderate （-12% to ＋8%） compared with the influence of future climatic changes （-60% to ＋25%）. The direction and magnitude of climate change effects on NPP were largely dependent on the degree of warming and water balance. Thus, the magnitude of future climate change can affect the feedback system between the atmosphere and biosphere.

关键词： carbon sequestration climate change leaf traits net primary production tree species range shifts.

Synthesis of Some Novel 2,6- Dimethoxyhydroquinone-3-mercaptoacetyl-peptide Conjugates as Potential Antitumor Agents

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2000年第8期11卷 667-670页

作者： Yu Fei SONG Pin YANG Leung SHEH Institute of Molecular Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006 Department of Chemistry Tunghai UniversityTaichungTaiwan 407-04

This paper reports an ongoing study of the use of short chain peptides as carriers of a potential antitumor agents: 2,6-dimethoxyhydroquinone-3-mercaptoacetic acid (DMQ-MA). Three new peptide-DMQ-MA conjugates: DMQ-MA-arg-arg-ome, DMQ-MA-lys(cbz)-arg-ome, DMQ-MA-lys(cbz)-arg-arg-ome were synthesized by coupling protected amino acids in solution and the next conjugation was achieved by reacting with pentafluorophenyl ester of DMQ-MA in DMF, and further study on their ability to inhibit human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell line (PC-9 cells) and oral epidermoid carcinoma cell line (KB) are investigating.

关键词： 2,6-dimethoxyhydroquinone-3-mercaptoacetic acid

Lyricism, the Veneration of Feeling, and Narrative Techniques in the Poetry Talks of the Southern Society

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Frontiers of Literary Studies in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2018年第2期12卷 324-350页

作者： LIN Hsiang-ling Department of Chinese Literature Tunghai University Taichung 40704 Taiwan China

This paper examines the voluminous ＂poetry talks＂（shihua） written by Southern Society （Nanshe） members and focuses on two tendencies in these discourses： The general cult of sentimentality and the narrative strategy on women＇s poetry. These poetic discourses succeeded the language of traditional literary criticism, but also exhibited ideals of the new epoch. As a rebellion to the qing imperial standard on measured and learned poetry, Southern Society poets took instead as their role models eccentric and iconoclastic poets who ＂venerated feelings.＂ The cult of sentimentality continued the trend of individual liberation from the late Ming and further showed a collective discourse that promoted a new kind of revolutionary subjectivity. These authors were also fond of collecting sentimental stories about female poets. More than being traditional ＂talented women,＂ these poets exhibited a diversity of female roles in an era of liberation.

关键词： Southern Society （Nanshe） poetry talks （shihua） veneration of feelings lyric tradition female poetry

Rapid synthesis of Ti-MCM-41 by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method towards photocatalytic degradation of oxytetracycline

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第6期28卷 76-87页

作者： Hanlin Chen Yen-Ping Peng Ku-Fan Chen Chia-Hsiang Lai Yung-Chang Lin College of Environment and Energy South China University of Technology Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tunghai University Department of Civil Engineering "National"Chi Nan University Department of Safety Health and Environmental EngineeringCentral Taiwan University of Science and Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Cheng Shiu University

This study employed microwave-assisted hydrothermal method to synthesize Ti-MCM-41,which are mesoporous materials with a high surface area and excellent photocatalytic ability. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy（UV–Vis） were employed. The XRD findings showed that Ti-MCM-41 exhibited a peak at 2θ of 2.2°, which was attributed to the hexagonal MCM-41 structure. The BET（Brunauer–Emmett–Teller） results agreed with the TEM findings that Ti-MCM-41 has a pore size of about 3–5 nm and a high surface area of 883 m-2/g. FTIR results illustrated the existence of Si–O–Si and Si–O–Ti bonds in Ti-MCM-41. The appearance of Ti2 p peaks in the XPS results confirmed the FTIR findings that the Ti was successfully doped into the MCM-41 structure. Zeta（ζ）-potential results indicated that the iso-electric point（IEP） of Ti-MCM-41 was at about pH 3.02. In this study, the photocatalytic degradation of oxytetracycline（OTC） at different pH was investigated under Hg lamp irradiation（wavelength 365 nm）. The rate constant（K′obs） for OTC degradation was 0.012 min-1at pH 3. Furthermore, TOC（total organic carbon） and high resolution LC–MS（liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry） analyses were conducted to elucidate the possible intermediate products and degradation pathway for OTC. The TOC removal efficiency of OTC degradation was 87.0%, 74.4% and 50.9% at pH 3, 7 and 10, respectively. LC–MS analysis results showed that the degradation products from OTC resulted from the removal of functional groups from the OTC ring.

关键词： Oxytetracycline Ti-MCM-41 Microwave hydrothermal synthesis Photocatalytic degradation