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Enhancing Adaptability, Nutritional Quality in Tropical tuber crops: Source for Adaptive Food and Nutrition

Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第11期15卷 1141-1169页

作者： Archana Mukherjee Janardanan Sreekumar Madhavi Nair Sheela Sheela Immanuel Manas Ranjan Sahoo Vivek Hegde Central tuber crops research Institute Indian Council of Agricultural Research Thiruvananthapuram India Indian Institute of Horticultural research Indian Council of Agricultural Research Bengaluru India

The tropical roots and tuber crops (R and T) consist of cassava, sweet potato, yams, elephant foot yam, taro, tannia and a couple of minor tuber crops. Tropical tuber crops are the third most important food crops after cereals and pulses. These crops play a crucial role in providing food and nutritional security to the rural masses in Africa, Latin America and parts of Asia. Cassava and sweet potato rank among the top 10 food crops produced in developing countries and contribute to about 6% of world’s dietary calories. In India, tropical tubers are grown mostly in states like Odisha, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Bihar and North East covering 4.5% of the total area under vegetables with 5.7% of the total vegetable production. Low income farmers and most undernourished households in India depend on R and T crops. They value these crops for their high calorie and stable yields under conditions in which other crops may fail. Genetic diversity of major tropical tuber crops provides options for its diverse usage in “multicuisine”, “nutrition”, “feed”, health care” and renewable resources of processing firms. Water productivity is also higher, for example, to produce 1 kg of tubers, sweet potatoes require water (383 l), taro (606 l), yam (343 l), as compared to rice (1673 l), maize (1222 l), wheat (1827 l), etc. tuber crops are one of most efficient producers of dry matter and edible energy. These crops have potential to reverse soil degradation. Cassava is already recognized as drought tolerant followed by yam. tubers of taro, elephant foot yam and yams can be stored under zero energy conditions for 6 - 7 months unlike temperate potatoes in cold storage. The natural climatic resilience as well as inherent nutrition attributes, has been explored further. Such studies made these crops more robust to changing climate and as the source of nutrient enriched food bowls. Sweet potato variety Bhu Krishna is the first purple flesh variety in India containing (9

关键词： tuber crops Enhancing Adaptability Nutritional Quality Adaptive Food-Nutrition

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Mulching with plastic film improved the root quality of summersown sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas(L).Lam.)in northern China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第5期18卷 982-991页

作者： HOU Fu-yun DONG Shun-xu XIE Bei-tao ZHANG Hai-yan LI Ai-xian WANG Qing-mei Crop research Institute Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Tuber and Root Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai RegionMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

The root quality of sweet potato cultivated during the summer season is poor in northern China;thus,this study was conducted to determine whether root quality could be improved through mulching with plastic film(MPF).The effect of MPF on root starch and its composition,the activity of starch synthesis enzymes,and other quality-related parameters were investigated in two purple flesh sweet potato cultivars,Jishu 18 and Ayamurasaki(Aya).The results indicated that root dry matter,anthocyanin content,adenosine triphosphate(ATP),and starch content were higher in both cultivars under the MPF treatment than those under the control *** root adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase/uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase(ADPGPPase/UDPGPPase)activity and adenosine triphosphatease(ATPase)activity were increased using ***,under the MPF treatment,the amylose content,soluble sugar content,and granule-bound synthase(GBSS)activity increased in Jishu 18 but decreased in Aya,and the amylopectin content,protein content,and soluble starch synthase(SSS)activity decreased in Jishu 18 but increased in ***,MPF seems benifit to improve the quality of sweet potato,but the effects of this treatment condition may be dependent on the cultivar.

关键词： mulching with plastic film summer-sown sweet potato root quality starch

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Bioleaching of copper from pre and post thermally activated low grade chalcopyrite contained ball mill spillage

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013年第2期7卷 281-293页

作者： Sandeep PANDA Nilotoala PRADHAN Umaballav MOHAPATRA Sandeep K. PANDA Swagat S.RATH Danda S. RAO Bansi D. NAYAK Lala B. SUKLA Barada K. MISHRA CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology Bhubaneswar 751013 India Department of Botany North Orissa University Baripada 757003 India Regional Center of Central tuber crops research Institute Bhubaneswar 751019 India

Bioleaching of a low grade chalcopyrite （ball mill spillage material） was tested for copper recovery in shake flasks. The original samples （as received） were thermally activated （600℃, 30 min） to notice the change in physico-chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the host rock and subsequently its effect on copper recovery. A mixed culture of acidophilic chemolithotrophic bacterial consortium predominantly entailing Acidithiobacillus fer- rooxidans strain was used for bioleaching studies and optimization of process parameters of both original and thermally activated samples. Mineralogical characteriza- tion studies indicated the presence of chalcopyrite, pyrite in the silicate matrix of the granitic rock. Field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with Energy dispersive spectroscopy （FESEM-EDS） and X-ray Fluor- escence （XRF） analysis indicated mostly SiO2. With pH 2, pulp density 10% w/v, inoculum 10% v/v, temperature 30~C, 150 ***-~, 49% copper could be recovered in 30 days from the finest particle size （- 1 ~ 0.75 mm） of the original spillage sample. Under similar conditions 95% copper could be recovered from the thermally activated sample with the same size fraction in 10 days. The study revealed that thermal activation leads to volume expansion in the rock with the development of cracks, micro and macro pores on its surface, thereby enabling bacterial solution to penetrate more easily into the body, facilitating enhanced copper dissolution.

关键词： ball mill spillage thermal activation bioleaching copper

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Modeling of gene regulatory networks: A review

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2013年第2期6卷 223-231页

作者： Nedumparambathmarath Vijesh Swarup Kumar Chakrabarti Janardanan Sreekumar Central tuber crops research Institute Thiruvananthapuram India

Gene regulatory networks play an important role the molecular mechanism underlying biological processes. Modeling of these networks is an important challenge to be addressed in the post genomic era. Several methods have been proposed for estimating gene networks from gene expression data. Computational methods for development of network models and analysis of their functionality have proved to be valuable tools in bioinformatics applications. In this paper we tried to review the different methods for reconstructing gene regulatory networks.

关键词： Gene Network Gene Expression Data Gene Regulation

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2022年第3期8卷 369-380页

作者： Yumeng Niu Guangcun Li Yinqiao Jian Shaoguang Duan Ju Liu Jianfei Xu Liping Jin Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root CropsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081China

Early tuberization,a short period from stolon occurrence to tuber formation,is one of the major characteristics of a good early-maturing potato cultivar,while the regulatory mechanism of tuberization time(TT)is still *** this study,two tetraploid cultivars,Zhongshu 3(Z3)and Zhongshu 18(Z18),with short and long TT respectively,were examined to reveal regulatory genes related to TT using RNA sequencing of tissue samples taken during stolon occurrence,stolon swelling and tuber *** analysis showed that the gene expression patterns at the stolon swelling and tuber formation stages were significantly different from those at stolon occurrence in both Z3 and ***,we screened the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)at stolon swelling and tuber formation and compared them to those at stolon occurrence.A total of 3085 DEGs were specifically identified and analyzed according to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment,and DEGs involved in starch and sucrose metabolism,plant hormone signal transduction and plant circadian clock were significantly *** circadian clock genes were significantly differentially expressed between Z3 and Z18,revealing an important role for the plant circadian pathway in regulating ***,three candidate genes,StGI,StPRR and StEFM involved in circadian regulation and significantly differentially expressed between Z3 and Z18,were discovered and confirmed by *** results provide valuable information for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of potato TT and represent a step toward breeding early-maturing potato cultivars.

关键词： Potato tuberization time Transcriptome analysis Circadian rhythm genes

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Cucumber malate decarboxylase,CsNADP-ME2,functions in the balance of carbon and amino acid metabolism in fruit

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Horticulture research 2023年第12期10卷 70-83页

作者： Nan Shan Youjun Zhang Yicong Guo Wenna Zhang Jing Nie Alisdair R.Fernie Xiaolei Sui Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable crops College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Root and tuber crops Biology(Jiangxi Agricultural University) Nanchang 330045China Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Potsdam-Golm 14476 Germany

Central metabolism produces carbohydrates and amino acids that are tightly correlated to plant growth and thereby crop *** is reported to link mitochondrial respiratory metabolism with cytosolic biosynthetic *** the function of malate metabolism-related enzymes in providing carbon has been characterized in some plants,evidence for this role in the fleshy fruit of cucumber is ***,radiolabeled bicarbonate fed into the xylem stream from the cucumber roots was incorporated into amino acids,soluble sugars,and organic acids in the exocarp and vasculature of *** activities of decarboxylases,especially decarboxylation from NADP-dependent malic enzyme(NADP-ME),were higher in cucumber fruit than in the leaf *** localization revealed that CsNADP-ME2 was mainly located in the exocarp and vascular bundle system of *** and gas-exchange analysis indicated that overexpression of CsNADP-ME2 could promote carbon flux into soluble sugars and starch in *** studies combined with metabolic profiling revealed that the downregulation of CsNADP-ME2 in RNA interference(RNAi)lines caused the accumulation of its substrate,malate,in the *** addition to inhibition of glycolysis-related gene expression and reduction of the activities of the corresponding enzymes,increased amino acid synthesis and decreased sugar abundance were also observed in these *** opposite effect was found in CsNADP-ME2-overexpressing lines,suggesting that there may be a continuous bottom-up feedback regulation of glycolysis in cucumber ***,our studies indicate that CsNADP-ME2 may play potential roles in both central carbon reactions and amino acid metabolism in cucumber fruits.

关键词： sugar carbon thereby

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Advances in DNA methylation and its role in cytoplasmic male sterility in higher plants

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第1期23卷 1-19页

作者： Atiqur Rahman Hasan Sofiur Rahman Shakil Uddin Naima Sultana Shirin Akhter Ujjal Kumar Nath Shamsun Nahar Begum Mazadul Islam Afroz Naznin Nurul Amin Sharif Ahmed Akbar Hossain Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh 2202Bangladesh Plant Breeding Division Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear AgricultureMymensingh 2202Bangladesh tuber Crop research centre Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI)Joydebpur 1701Bangladesh Horticulture research centre Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI)Joydebpur 1701Bangladesh Biotechnology Division Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI)Joydebpur 1701Bangladesh International Rice research Institute Bangladesh OfficeDhaka 1213Bangladesh Division of Soil Science Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research InstituteDinajpur 5200Bangladesh

The impact of epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation on plant phenotypes has expanded the possibilities for crop *** methylation plays a part in the regulation of both the chromatin structure and gene expression,and the enzyme involved,DNA methyltransferase,executes the methylation process within the plant *** regulating crucial biological pathways,epigenetic changes actively contribute to the creation of the ***,epigenome editing may assist in overcoming some of the drawbacks of genome editing,which can have minor off-target consequences and merely facilitate the loss of a gene’s *** drawbacks include gene knockout,which can have such off-target *** review provides examples of several molecular characteristics of DNA methylation,as well as some plant physiological processes that are impacted by these epigenetic changes in the *** also discuss how DNA alterations might be used to improve crops and meet the demands of sustainable and environmentally-friendly farming.

关键词： DNA methylation epigenetics CMS male sterility chromatin architecture gene expression higher plants

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Effect of Plant Growth Hormones and Liquid Fertilizer on Rooting and tuberization of Yam (Dioscorea rotundataPoir.) Vine Cuttings

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第10期10卷 1903-1920页

作者： Dibi Konan Evrard Brice Kouakou Amani Michel Amari Ler-Ogn Dadé Georges Elisée Brouth Lorng Jean Bernard Dossou-Aminon Innocent Essis Brice Sidoine N’zue Boni Dick Acka Emmanuel Root and tuber crops Program Food Crops Research Station National Centre for Agronomic Research-CNRA Bouake Cote d’Ivoire Laboratory of Plant Physiology Biosciences Training and Research Unit Felix Houphouet-Boigny University Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire Faculty of Science and Technology of Dassa University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin

Vine cutting is an effective solution to solve the problem of seed availability in yam cultivation. This study was conducted to improve the recovery and rooting rate of vine cuttings of Dioscorea rotundata. Two-node cuttings from five (5)-month-old hybrid plants were grown in liquid media consisting of phytohormones (AIA3 and GA3) and liquid fertilizer (NPK 8-8-8) at different concentrations. Observations were made weekly from the 21st day after transplanting and focused on the survival rate of the cuttings, the number of roots emitted and the number of minitubers initiated. The results obtained showed a significant effect of the different growing media on the survival rate, rooting and production of minitubers. The best survival rates were obtained for cuttings grown in NPK (8-8-8) at 0.25% (100%) and AIA3 at 25 ppm (93.3%). The highest averages root number was recorded with growing media containing 0.25% NPK 8-8-8 (20.3) and 25 ppm AIA3 (17.7). Growing media with 0.25% NPK (8-8-8) and 25 ppm AIA3 provided the highest average numbers of minitubers initiated, respectively 5 and 4.6. Growing medium containing 0.25% NPK 8-8-8 has been identified as the one that allows better roots emission and minitubers production by yam vines cuttings.

关键词： Yam Vine Cutting Yam Seed Growing Medium Dioscorea rotundata

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The Outbreeding Enhancement and Correlation Studies in F1Hybrids of Hexaploid Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) Cultivars

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第8期12卷 805-826页

作者： Sujon Kumar Abul Bashar Mohammad Khaldun Mohammad Mosiur Rahman Mohammad Mazadul Islam Mohammad Shalim Uddin Mohammad Abdul Latif Akanda Triticeae research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering University of Development Alternative Dhaka Bangladesh College of Agricultural Sciences International University of Business Agriculture and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh Oilseed research centre Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute Gazipur Bangladesh Pulses research centre Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute Gazipur Bangladesh tuber crops research centre Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute Gazipur Bangladesh

The current study was conducted in the experimental field of the Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the winter season 2017-2018. The study was performed to reduce the heterotic effect and phenotypic correlation among numerous yield characters for F1 hybrids of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experimental design has consisted of six parental variants (Sonalika, Balaka, Prodip, Kanchan, Agrahani and Protiva), which were crossed and nine possible cross combinations (F1 hybrids) (Prodip × Agrahani, Balaka × Agrahani, Prodip × Protiva, Protiva × Agrahani, Agrahani × Kanchan, Kanchan × Sonalika, Protiva × Prodip, Sonalika × Agrahani, and Prodip × Kanchan) were obtained. The experimental fields were selected and arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates, where eight characters were studied. The mean square of the analysis of variance showed that the hybrids differed significantly (p ≤ 0.01) for all studied characters except for maturity to 75% of days and height of the plant, while the parents only had no differences in grain yield. The mean square of the parent and the F1 hybrid indicated that considerable heterosis existed in the F1 hybrids. In general, correlation coefficients indicated that the maturity to 75% of days was significant but negatively correlated with most of the yield traits, suggesting that the genotypes which became mature early may have lower yields. Plant height was also negatively correlated with grain spike−1, seed index, and harvest index. The grain yield plant−1 was significant and positively correlated with all yield traits. Correlation indicates that single or multiple production-related ingredients can be used as selection time to selec

关键词： Wheat Heterosis Correlation Genotypes Yield

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Strengths,Problems,and Recommendations of Potato Staple Food Development in Zhejiang Province

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Asian Agricultural research 2015年第10期7卷 44-46 53,53页

作者： Weifang FAN Aiping LAI Guoquan LU Jinyun County Agricultural Bureau of Zhejiang Province Institute of Root & tuber crops Zhejiang A&F University

China launched the potato staple food strategy in 2015. The potato staple food strategy focuses on increasing potato consumption and promoting potato production through processing and use of potato staple food. This provides new opportunity for development of potato in Zhejiang Province. This paper analyzed development strengths and existing problems of the potato industry in Zhejiang Province. On this basis,it came up with pertinent recommendations for potato staple food development in Zhejiang Province,so as to guide consumption with nutrition,and guide production with consumption,to provide theoretical foundation for development of potato industry in Zhejiang Province.

关键词： Zhejiang Province Potato Industrial development St

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