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Organic acid blends improve intestinal integrity,modulate short-chain fatty acids profiles and alter microbiota of broilers under necrotic enteritis challenge

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Animal nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 82-90页

作者： Alip Kumar Mehdi Toghyani Sarbast K.Kheravii Lane Pineda Yanming Han Robert A.Swick Shu-Biao Wu School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia trouw nutrition R&D Stationsstraat 773811MHAmersfoortthe Netherlands School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of SydneyNSW2006Australia

Controlling enteric diseases of broilers is crucial.Among many additives,organic acids(OA)and their blends are gaining attention to combat diseases in the post-antibiotic era.The current study evaluated the potentials of short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)and medium-chain fatty acids(MCFA)blends and/or phenolic compounds on intestinal integrity,intestinal pH,caecal microbiota,and caecal SCFA profiles of broilers under necrotic enteritis(NE)challenge.The additives used were:(A)a blend of SCFA,MCFA,and a phenolic compound(SMP),(B)a blend of free and buffered SCFA with MCFA(SMF),and(C)a blend of free and buffered SCFA with a high concentration of MCFA(SHM).A total of 1,404 male parental chicks of Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated to 78 floor pens on hatching day with 6 treatments replicated 13 times with 18 birds per pen.The treatments were:UCC,unchallenged control;CHC,challenged control;BAC,challenged group plus zinc bacitracin;SMP,challenged group plus additive SMP;SMF,challenged group plus additive SMF;SHM,challenged group plus additive SHM.Birds were challenged with field-strain Eimeria spp.on d 9 and Clostridium perfringens on d 14.Birds challenged with NE increased fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran(FITC-d)concentration in serum,reduced acetate and butyrate concentrations,and increased Bacteroides and C.perfringens load in the caeca(P0.05).The SMP group had a higher load compared to BAC(P<0.05).These findings suggest the promising effects of OA blends as al

关键词： Organic acid blend Alternative to antibiotics Intestinal health Necrotic enteritis Broiler chicken

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Hydroxychloride trace minerals have a positive effect on growth performance,carcass quality and impact ileal and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 1112-1124页

作者： Sandra J.A.van Kuijk Yanming Han Ana Isabel Garcia-Ruiz Ana Rodiles trouw nutrition R&D P.O.Box 2993800AGAmersfoortthe Netherlands trouw nutrition R&D 45950 Casarrubios del MonteToledoSpain.

Background:The objective was to study the effect of hydroxychloride trace minerals(HTM)on growth performance,carcass quality and gut microbiota of broiler chickens in comparison to sulphate trace minerals(STM).In total 1440 male Ross 308 day-old chicks were divided into 12 replicate pens with 30 birds each per treatment.Four different treatments were tested according to a 2×2 factorial study design,where the animals received a three phase diet containing either inorganic Zn from sulphates or Zn from HTM in high(80 mg/kg Zn)or low Zn dosage(20 mg/kg Zn).In all treatments 15 mg/kg Cu was added from the same mineral source as the Zn.Body weight and feed intake were measured on day 0,10,27 and 34,while carcass and breast meat yields were measured at the end of the study(day 34).In addition,high-throughput sequencing analysis was performed in digesta samples from ileum and cecum to study the gut microbiome(day 34).Results:The results showed an improved(P<0.05)body weight of broiler chickens fed HTM,regardless of Zn level,on day 27,while on day 34 this effect remained as a tendency(P=0.0542).In the overall study period,birds fed HTM had a higher(P<0.05)average daily gain and average daily feed intake when compared to birds fed STM.The mineral source did not affect the carcass characteristics,however,feeding 80 mg/kg Zn resulted in a significantly higher(P=0.0171)breast meat yield,regardless of source.High-throughput sequencing analysis of the microbiota revealed a higher microbial diversity in the ileum and cecum of HTM fed birds compared to STM fed birds.Taxonomical differences were mainly found in the cecum,specifically between the group fed high and low Zn levels from HTM.This correlated with the mineral contents observed in the cecal digesta.Comparing both groups fed 80 mg/kg Zn,the HTM group had more Streptococcaceae,Streptococcus,Clostridia,Weissella and Leuconostocaceae compared to the STM group.Conclusions:HTM improved growth performance of broiler chickens;and the source and level of Zn modulated the gut micro

关键词： Broiler chickens Growth performance Gut microbiota Hydroxychloride trace minerals

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Invited review:Remediation strategies for mycotoxin control in feed

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第4期13卷 935-950页

作者： Meng Liu Ling Zhao Guoxin Gong Lei Zhang Lei Shi Jiefan Dai Yanming Han Yuanyuan Wu Mahmoud Mohamed Khalil Lvhui Sun Hubei Hongshan Laboratory College of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070HubeiChina Department of Agriculture of Sichuan Province Chengdu 610041China trouw nutrition AmersfoortThe Netherlands Animal Production Department Faculty of AgricultureBenha UniversityBanha 13736Egypt.

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of different species of fungi.Aflatoxin B1(AFB1),deoxynivalenol(DON),zearalenone(ZEN)and fumonisin B1(FB1)are the main mycotoxins contaminating animal feedstuffs.These mycotoxins can primarily induce hepatotoxicity,immunotoxicity,neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity,consequently cause adverse effects on the health and performance of animals.Therefore,physical,chemical,biological and nutritional regulation approaches have been developed as primary strategies for the decontamination and detoxification of these mycotoxins in the feed industry.Meanwhile,each of these techniques has its drawbacks,including inefficient,costly,or impractically applied on large scale.This review summarized the advantages and disadvantages of the different remediation strategies,as well as updates of the research progress of these strategies for AFB1,DON,ZEN and FB1 control in the feed industry.

关键词： Animal health Feed Mycotoxin Performance Remediation strategies

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Dietary organic acids ameliorate high stocking density stress-induced intestinal inflammation through the restoration of intestinal microbiota in broilers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第2期14卷 745-759页

作者： Dong Dai Guanghai Qi Jing Wang Haijun Zhang Kai Qiu Yanming Han Yuanyuan Wu Shugeng Wu Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards(Beijing)of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Feed ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesNo.12 Zhongguancun South St.Haidian districtBeijingChina trouw nutrition Research&Development Centers AmersfoortNetherlands.

Background:High stocking density(HSD)stress has detrimental effects on growth performance,intestinal barrier function,and intestinal microbiota in intensive animal production.Organic acids(OA)are widely used as feed addi-tives for their ability to improve growth performance and intestinal health in poultry.However,whether dietary OA can ameliorate HSD stress-induced impaired intestinal barrier in broilers remains elusive.In this study,a total of 528 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated into 3 treatments with 12 replicates per treatment including 10 birds for normal stocking density and 17 birds for HSD.The dietary treatments were as follows:1)Normal stocking density+basal diet;2)HSD+basal diets;3)HSD+OA.Results:HSD stress can induce increased levels of serum corticosterone,lipopolysaccharides,interleukin-1β,tumor necrosis factor-α,and down-regulated mRNA expression of ZO-1,resulting in compromised growth performance of broilers(P<0.05).Dietary OA could significantly reduce levels of serum corticosterone,lipopolysaccharides,interleukin-1β,and tumor necrosis factor-α,which were accompanied by up-regulated interleukin-10,mRNA expres-sion of ZO-1,and growth performance(P<0.05).Moreover,OA could down-regulate the mRNA expression of TLR4 and MyD88 to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway(P<0.05).Additionally,HSD stress significantly decreased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and disturbed the balance of microbial ecosystems,whereas OA significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and restored the disordered gut microbiota by reducing competitive and exploita-tive interactions in microbial communities(P<0.05).Meanwhile,OA significantly increased the content of acetic and butyric acids,which showed significant correlations with intestinal inflammation indicators(P<0.05).Conclusions:Dietary OA ameliorated intestinal inflammation and growth performance of broilers through restor-ing the disordered gut microbial compositions and interactions induced by HSD and elevating short-chain fatty acid p

关键词： Broiler High stocking density Intestinal inflammation Intestinal microbiota Organic acid Short-chain fatty acid

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Supplementing oat hulls to the diet of suckling piglets altered their intestinal tract and colonic microbiota development

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Animal nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 284-296页

作者： Hubèrt M.J.van Hees Koen Chiers Leo A.den Hartog Theo A.T.G.van Kempen Dominiek Maes Sam Millet Geert P.J.Janssens Department of Veterinary and Biosciences Ghent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium trouw nutrition Research and Development Amersfoortthe Netherlands Department of Pathology Ghent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium Animal nutrition Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA Department of Reproduction Obstetrics and Herd HealthGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium ILVO(Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture Fisheries and Food)MelleBelgium

Current study evaluated the effect of a fine and coarsely ground insoluble dietary fibre source on the gastrointestinal development of suckling pigs.Oat hulls(OH)were selected as a model feedstuff,rich in cellulose,lignin,and insoluble dietary fibre.Three experimental supplemental diets were formulated:a finely ground,low fibre and nutrient dense diet served as control(CON).For the 2 high fibre diets,15%heat-treated starch in CON was exchanged with OH,either finely(OH-f)or coarsely ground(OH-c).Litters of 10 primi-and multiparous sows(mean litter size 14.6±0.84)were used.Within a litter,experimental diets were allotted to triplets of 4 piglets.From approximately 12 d of age,piglets’individual feed intakes were recorded 2 times per day when separated from their dam for 70 min.Piglets could suckle with their dam for the remainder of the day.On d 24 and 25,from the total pool of 120 piglets,seven healthy well-eating piglets per treatment were selected for post-mortem evaluation,resulting in 14 replicates per treatment.Consumption of OH-c and OH-f did not impede clinical health and production performance of piglets.The full stomach weights tended to be greater for OH-c compared to OH-f whereas CON was intermediate(P=0.083).Supplementing OH significantly increased ileal villus height and caecal dry matter concentration(P<0.05).For the colon,OH increased its length,contents weight,short-chain fatty acid concentration and reduced total bacterial count as well asγ-proteobacteria count and proportion(P<0.05).The OH-c treatment specifically increased full gastrointestinal tract weight and caecum contents weight compared to piglets fed CON and OH-f.Furthermore,OH-c reduced colonic crypt depth when compared to OH-f(P=0.018).In conclusion,supplementing OH to a diet for suckling piglets exerted subtle developmental effects on gastrointestinal morphology and colonic microbial community.These effects were largely independent from the particle size of the OH.

关键词： Oat hull Insoluble fibre Gastrointestinal development Suckling piglet

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Non-antibiotic feed additives in diets for pigs:A review

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Animal nutrition 2018年第2期4卷 113-125页

作者： Yanhong Liu Charmaine D.Espinosa Jerubella J.Abelilla Gloria A.Casas L.Vanessa Lagos Su A.Lee Woong B.Kwon John K.Mathai Diego M.D.L.Navarro Neil W.Jaworski Hans H.Stein Department of Animal Science University of California Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois Department of Animal Production College of Animal and Veterinary SciencesUniversity of Colombia trouw nutrition

A number of feed additives are marketed to assist in boosting the pigs' immune system, regulate gut microbiota, and reduce negative impacts of weaning and other environmental challenges.The most commonly used feed additives include acidifiers, zinc and copper, prebiotics, direct-fed microbials, yeast products, nucleotides, and plant extracts.Inclusion of pharmacological levels of zinc and copper, certain acidifiers, and several plant extracts have been reported to result in improved pig performance or improved immune function of pigs.It is also possible that use of prebiotics, direct-fed microbials, yeast,and nucleotides may have positive impacts on pig performance, but results have been less consistent and there is a need for more research in this area.

关键词： Acidifiers Direct-fed microbials Minerals Plant extracts Prebiotics Pigs

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The role of lactose in weanling pig nutrition:a literature and meta-analysis review

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 462-478页

作者： Jinbiao Zhao Zeyu Zhang Shuai Zhang Greg Page Neil W.Jaworski State Key Laboratory of Animal nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityNo.2 Yuanmingyuan West RoadBeijing 100193China trouw nutrition Innovation Stationsstraat 773800AG AmersfoortNetherlands

Lactose plays a crucial role in the growth performance of pigs at weaning because it is a palatable and easily digestible energy source that eases the transition from milk to solid feed.However,the digestibility of lactose declines after weaning due to a reduction in endogenous lactase activity in piglets.As a result,some lactose may be fermented in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs.Fermentation of lactose by intestinal microbiota yields lactic acid and volatile fatty acids,which may positively regulate the intestinal environment and microbiome,resulting in improved gastrointestinal health of weanling pigs.We hypothesize that the prebiotic effect of lactose may play a larger role in weanling pig nutrition as the global feed industry strives to reduce antibiotic usage and pharmacological levels of zinc oxide and supra-nutritional levels of copper.Evidence presented in this review indicates that high dietary lactose improves growth performance of piglets,as well as the growth of beneficial bacteria,particularly Lactobacillus,with the positive effects being more pronounced in the first 2 weeks after weaning.However,the risk of post-weaning diarrhea may increase as pigs get older due to reduced lactase activity,high dietary lactose concentrations,and larger feed intakes,all of which may lead to excessive lactose fermentation in the intestine of the pig.Therefore,dietary lactose levels exert different effects on growth performance and gastrointestinal physiological functions in different feeding phases of weanling pigs.However,no formal recommendation of lactose for weanling pigs has been reported.A meta-analysis approach was used to determine that diets fed to swine should include 20%,15%,and 0 lactose from d 0-7,d 7-14,and d 14-35 post-weaning,respectively.However,sustainable swine production demands that economics must also be taken into account as lactose and lactose containing ingredients are expensive.Therefore,alternatives to lactose,so called“lactose equivalents”have also been studied in an effort to decrease

关键词： Growth performance Gut health Gut microbiota Lactose Lactose equivalents Weanling pig

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Potential of blended organic acids to improve performance and health of broilers infected with necrotic enteritis

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Animal nutrition 2021年第2期7卷 440-449页

作者： Alip Kumar Mehdi Toghyani Sarbast K.Kheravii Lane Pineda Yanming Han Robert A.Swick Shu-Biao Wu School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia trouw nutrition R&D Stationsstraat 773811 MHAmersfoortthe Netherlands School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of SydneyNSW 2006Australia

Organic acids(OA)and their blends have been shown to positively affect performance and health of broilers.However,the data in the literature are not consistent.This study examined the potential of blended short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)with medium-chain fatty acids(MCFA)as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters(AGP)on performance,health and welfare of broilers infected with necrotic enteritis(NE).The additives used were:A)a blend of SCFA,MCFA,and a phenolic compound(SMP);B)a blend of free and buffered SCFA with MCFA(SMF);C)a blend of free and buffered SCFA with a high concentration of MCFA(SHM).A total of 1,404 Ross 308 one-day-old male parental chicks were randomly distributed into 78-floor pens with 13 replicates of 18 birds each.Six treatments were the following:T1,unchal-lenged control(UCC);T2,challenged control(CHC);T3,challenged group plus zinc bacitracin(BAC);T4,challenged group plus additive SMP;T5,challenged group plus additive SMF;T6,challenged group plus additive SHM.Challenged birds were gavaged with Eimeria spp.on d 9 and Clostridium perfringens EHE-NE18 on d 14.Post NE challenge and cumulatively,BWG,FCR,and nutrient digestibility of birds were compromised(P0.05).All the 3 additive groups had lower FCR compared to CHC(P=0.001;d 0 to 35),and exhibited similar jejunal lesions(d 16)compared to BAC and apparent ileal protein di-gestibility(d 21)compared to UCC and BAC groups(P>0.05).Birds in additive SHM group had a higher concentration of serum IgA compared to all groups(P=0.001)except additive SMF(P>0.05;d 21).All the additive groups had lower footpad dermatitis and hock burns compared to CHC(P<0.05).The findings suggest the potential of blended OA as alternatives to BAC to protect broilers from NE indicated by improved FCR,immunity,digestibility,and bird welfare.

关键词： Performance Blended organic acid Alternative to antibiotics Necrotic enteritis Broiler chicken

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Dietary fibre enrichment of supplemental feed modulates the development of the intestinal tract in suckling piglets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第1期11卷 183-193页

作者： H.M.J.Van Hees M.Davids D.Maes S.Millet S.Possemiers L.A.den Hartog T.A.T.G.van Kempen G.P.J.Janssens Department of nutrition Genetics and EthologyGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium Research and Development Trouw NutritionAmersfoortThe Netherlands Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical CentreAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Reproduction Obstetrics and Herd HealthGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium ILVO Eenheid DierMelleBelgium BioActor MaastrichtThe Netherlands Animal nutrition Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands North Carolina State University RaleighNCUSA.

Background:Commercial pre-weaning diets are formulated to be highly digestible and nutrient-dense and contain low levels of dietary fibre.In contrast,pigs in a natural setting are manipulating fibre-rich plant material from a young age.Moreover,dietary fibre affects gastrointestinal tract(GIT)development and health in older pigs.We hypothesised that supplemental diets that contain vegetal fibres are accelerating GIT development in suckling piglets in terms of size and functionality.From d 2 of life,sow-suckled piglets had access to a low fibre diet(CON),a diet with a fermentable long-chain arabinoxylan(lc-AXOS),a diet with a largely non-fermentable purified cellulose(CELL),or a diet containing both fibres.During the initial 2 weeks,the control diet was a high-density milk replacer,followed by a dry and highly digestible creep meal.Upon weaning at 25 d,15 piglets from each treatment group,identified as eaters and originating from six or seven litters,were sacrificed for post-mortem examination of GIT morphology,small intestinal permeability and metabolic profile of the digesta.The microbiota composition of the mid-colon was evaluated in a sub-set of ten piglets.Results:No major statistical interactions between the fibre sources were observed.Piglets consumed the fibrecontaining milk supplements and creep diets well.Stomach size and small intestinal permeability was not affected.Large intestinal fill was increased with lc-AXOS only,while relative large intestinal weight was increased with both fibre sources(P<0.050).Also,CELL decreased ileal pH and tended to increase ileal DM content compared to CON(P<0.050).Moreover,the concentration of volatile fatty acids was increased in the caecum(P<0.100)and midcolon(P<0.050)by addition of CELL.lc-AXOS only stimulated caecal propionate(P<0.050).The microbiota composition showed a high individual variation and limited dietary impact.Nonetheless,CELL induced minor shifts in specific genera,with notable reductions of Escherichia-Shigella.Conclusions:Adding dietary fibres to the

关键词： Dietary fibre Gut maturation Gut microbiota Suckling piglets

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Intermittent suckling with or without comingling of non-littermate piglets before weaning improves piglet performance in the immediate post-weaning period when compared with conventional weaning

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 721-732页

作者： Diana L.Turpin Pieter Langendijk Kate Plush John R.Pluske School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia trouw nutrition Veerstraat 38Boxmeer 5831 iNThe Netherlands South Australian Research and Development Institute Roseworthy CampusJS Davis BuildingRoseworthySA 5371Australia Present address:SunPork Farms 563 Coleman RoadPinkerton PlainsSA 5400Australia

Background： In this experiment, intermittent suckling（IS） with or without the co-mingling（Co M） of piglets was studied as a method to stimulate solid feed intake and reduce post-weaning stress.Methods： Three weaning regimes using 30 multiparous sows were compared：（1） conventional weaning（CW）（n = 10 litters）, where piglets had continuous access to the sow until weaning（d 0, farrowing = d-25 relative to weaning）;（2） intermittent suckling（IS）（n = 10 litters）, where piglets were separated from the sow for 8 h/d starting at d-7（relative to weaning）; and（3） intermittent suckling with co-mingling（ISCo）（n = 10 litters） where IS started at d-7 and two litters were housed together during separation and then returned to their original sow. Ad libitum creep feed was available from d-17. At weaning pigs were housed in pens of 11 pigs, 27 pens in total. The ISCo treatment was divided in half to examine effects of different mixing strategies after weaning. Half of the ISCo litters were kept in familiar groups（ISCo F, familiar, n = 4） and the other half were mixed within treatment resulting in groups of unfamiliar pigs（ISCo NF, not familiar, n = 5）, the same as IS（n = 9） and CW（n = 9） treatments.Results： The ISCo piglets ate more creep feed in the week before weaning（P 〈 0.01）, but also showed more aggressive and manipulative behaviour on first day of Co M compared with CW piglets（P 〈 0.05）. IS with or without Co M increased exploratory and play behaviour on the first day of treatment intervention（P 〈 0.001） and increased sleeping behaviour on the last day of treatment intervention compared with CW（P 〈 0.001）. Mixing strategy at weaning had an effect on performance data with the highest growth and feed intake seen in ISCo F pigs 2 to 8 d after weaning（P 〈0.001）. IS and ISCo NF pigs also grew faster and ate more than CW pigs 2 to 8 d after weaning（P 〈 0.001）. Post-weaning injury scores suggested reduced aggression in ISCo as evidenced by reduced redness（skin irritation）（P 〈 0.05）, and a tendency for ISCo to have less scratches th

关键词： Behaviour Co-mingling Intermittent suckling Piglet Weaning

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