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A global,high-resolution(30-m)inland water body dataset for 2000:first results of a topographic-spectral classification algorithm

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第2期9卷 113-133页

作者： Min Feng Joseph O.Sexton Saurabh Channan John R.Townshend global Land Cover Facility Department of Geographical SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA

The science and management of terrestrial ecosystems require accurate,high-resolution mapping of surface *** produced a global,30-m-resolution inland surface water dataset with an automated algorithm using Landsat-based surface reflectance estimates,multispectral water and vegetation indices,terrain metrics,and prior coarse-resolution water *** dataset identified 3,650,723 km2 of inland water globally–nearly three quarters of which was located in North America(40.65%)and Asia(32.77%),followed by Europe(9.64%),Africa(8.47%),South America(6.91%),and Oceania(1.57%).Boreal forests contained the largest portion of terrestrial surface water(25.03%of the global total),followed by the nominal‘inland water’biome(16.36%),tundra(15.67%),and temperate broadleaf and mixed forests(13.91%).Agreement with respect to the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer water mask and Landsat-based national land-cover datasets was very high,with commission errorsglobal Land Cover Facility(GLCF)inland surface water dataset is available for open access at the GLCF website(http://***).

关键词： inland water Landsat global high resolution MODIS

global Overview and Insights on Infodemiology and Infodemic Management

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China CDC weekly 2023年第26期5卷 579-583页

作者： Mingfan Pang Yichi Zhang Siyue Guo Xinping Yang Xiaopeng Qi Center for global Public Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has underscored the global challenge of managing *** a situation report published on February 2,2020,the World Health Organization(WHO)observed that the disease outbreak and response were accompanied by an extensive infodemic,complicating the process for individuals to identify trustworthy sources and obtain reliable guidances during such a critical period(1).

关键词： demic managing guidance

Leveraging global Influenza Surveillance and Response System for the COVID-19 Pandemic Response and Beyond

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China CDC weekly 2021年第44期3卷 937-940页

作者： Aspen Hammond Vanessa Cozza Siddhi Hirve Marie-Jo Medina Dmitriy Pereyaslov Wenqing Zhang global Influenza Programme World Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland.

INTRODUCTION Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,existing influenza surveillance systems,platforms,and capacities have been leveraged for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)virus detection,reporting,risk assessment,and sharing of virus materials and *** article reviews the contributions made and addresses some of the future challenges and plans for the global Influenza Surveillance and Response System(GISRS)and associated influenza surveillance systems.

关键词： acute respiratory aging

The Positive Indian Ocean Dipole–like Response in the Tropical Indian Ocean to global Warming

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第4期33卷 476-488页

作者： Yiyong LUO Jian LU Fukai LIU Xiuquan WAN Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of China Atmospheric Sciences & global Change Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Climate models project a positive Indian Ocean Dipole （plOD）-like SST response in the tropical Indian Ocean to global warming, By employing the Community Earth System Model and applying an overriding technique to its ocean component （version 2 of the Parallel Ocean Program）, this study investigates the similarities and differences of the formation mechanisms for the changes in the tropical Indian Ocean during the plOD versus global warming. Results show that their formation processes and related seasonality are quite similar; in particular, wind-thermocline-SST feedback is the leading mechanism in producing the anomalous cooling over the eastern tropics in both cases. Some differences are also fbund, including the fact that the cooling effect of the vertical advection over the eastern tropical Indian Ocean is dominated by the anomalous vertical velocity during the plOD but by the anomalous upper-ocean stratification under global warming. These findings are lhrther examined through an analysis of the mixed layer heat budget.

关键词： Indian Ocean Dipole positive Indian Ocean Dipole-like response global warming Bjerknes feedback

Monsoon regions: the highest rate of precipitation changesobserved from global data

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第8期43卷 662-666页

作者： Congbin Fu Zhaomei Zheng Chinese Acad Sci Ctr Global Change Res Temperate E Asia Beijing 100029 Peoples R China

The global distributions of the rate of precipitation change at seasonal, interannual and interdecadal scales are computed from the observed global data sets. The analysis has revealed that the monsoon regions in Asia and West Africa, and to lesser extent Australia, have the highest rate of precipitation change at all time scales in the world. These changes are manifested as seasonal jump, high interannual and interdecadal variability and abrupt changes between climate regimes.

关键词： rate of climatic change precipitation monsoon region.

Role of the global Fund in national HIV/AIDS response in Myanmar:a qualitative study

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global Health Research and Policy 2021年第1期6卷 215-226页

作者： Zarni Htun Yingxi Zhao Hannah Gilbert Chunling Lu Department of global Health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical School641 Huntington AveBostonMA 02115USA Nuffield Department of Medicine Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Division of global Health Equity Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMAUSA

Background:The global Fund has been a major funding source for HIV/AIDS programs in *** this qualitative study,we aim to understand the impact of global Fund on national HIV/AIDS response in Myanmar during the era of Millennium Development Goals(MDGs).Methods:We conducted individual in-depth interviews by recruiting key informants through purposive snowball *** respondents were engaged in the national/subnational response to HIV/AIDS in Myanmar and worked for the United Nations agencies,non-governmental organizations(NGOs),and civil *** questions were organized around the role of global Fund in strengthening national response to HIV/AIDS in the six building blocks of the Myanmar’s health *** from the key informants were synthesized into specific themes through a deductive ***:We found that the global Fund has provided substantial support to(1)finance the national HIV/AIDS response in Myanmar,and(2)strengthen leadership and governance at the central level through improving coordination and collaboration,including more stakeholders(*** society,NGOs)in decision making process,and catalyzing policy changes on scaling-up key ***,its role remains limited in addressing new demands at the township level in terms of capacity building,staffing,and medical supply resulting from rapid scale-up of HIV interventions and decentralization of service delivery in the public ***:There was a missed opportunity for Myanmar to capitalize on the use of the global Fund’s funding to strengthen the health *** planning is required to optimize the use of those scarce resources to provide universal coverage for HIV/AIDS.

关键词： global Fund Myanmar HIV/AIDS Health system strengthening

Chinese stalagmite paleoclimate researches: A review and perspective

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第10期62卷 1489-1513页

作者： Hai CHENG Haiwei ZHANG Jingyao ZHAO Hanying LI Youfeng NING Gayatri KATHAYAT Institute of global Environmental Change Xi’an Jiaotong University

Stalagmite is one kind of secondary carbonates formed in limestone caves(speleothem). After cave water droplets containing Ca2+and HCO3 drip onto floor, carbonate in the water might become supersaturated due to CO2 degassing under certain conditions, resulting in the formation of stalagmite in a process year after year. Stalagmite is one of important geological archives for paleoclimate research. The advantages include wide spatial distribution, suitable for U-Th and U-Pb dating, enriched in climate proxies, continuity, long time span, comparability and lower sampling cost etc. These factors have propelled stalagmite paleoclimate research to the forefront of global paleoclimatology with an irreplaceable role. The stalagmite paleoclimate study started in the western countries, mainly in Europe and America in 1960 s–1970 s, while the relevant research in China was progressively developed in the 1980 s–1990 s after the Reform and Opening up. Although there was a huge gap between the overall research level in China and western countries, a solid research foundation, as well as a number of talent teams were established during the period. In the 21 st century, starting from the publication of stalagmite records from Hulu Cave in Nanjing in 2001, the stalagmite paleoclimate research in China has ushered in a flourishing development and a real leap on the basis of international cooperation, resulting in significant international impacts. The landmark achievements, including establishment of the world’s longest(640000 years) East Asian monsoon stalagmite record, as well as the longest Indian monsoon(280000 years),South American monsoon(250000 years), North American westerly climate(330000 years), Central Asian westerly climate(135000 years), and northwestern China westerly climate(500000 years), have laid a milestone in the paleoclimate study in these climate domains. Importantly, these stalagmite records have revealed the relationship of Asian monsoon variations with solar

关键词： Cave stalagmites Oxygen isotope Asian monsoon Westerly global climate change

Alleviating freshwater shortages with combined desert-based large-scale renewable energy and coastal desalination plants supported by global Energy Interconnection

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global Energy Interconnection 2019年第3期2卷 205-213页

作者： Hengxu Zhang Yuzheng Xie Key Strategy and Technology Research Institute of global Energy Interconnection(Shandong University)

Under the background of sustainable energy transition and environmental protection,global Energy Interconnection(GEI),which features an innovative combination of clean energy(e.g.,solar power) and ultra-high voltage(UHV) transmission technologies,provides a means to realize global climate *** is a large country with unevenly distributed water resources,energy production,and energy consumption,and the large areas of desert in northern and western China have the potential for installing large-scale solar power *** study analyzed the potential of using large-scale solar power from deserts to coastal seawater desalination plants,which could alleviate the freshwater crisis and control desertification in ***,the measurement data from NASA were used to estimate the potential exploitable amount of solar energy in desert areas.A macro idea was proposed for the transmission of electrical power from inland integrated energy bases to coastal seawater desalination and pumping of freshwater to western China to combat desertification and alleviate the freshwater *** on this,the electricity demands for desalination and water redistribution were *** a huge interruptible load,desalination and pumping systems could be used to suppress power fluctuations of the integrated energy ***,the fundamental support roles of UHV grids in large-scale renewable energy allocation and utilization were *** analysis offers a theoretical framework to help realize efficient renewable energy generation and consumption and alleviate freshwater shortage.

关键词： Desert Desalination Energy crisis Freshwater global Energy Interconnection (GEI) Solar energy Ultra-high voltage (UHV).

global ATMOSPHERIC SEASONAL-MEAN HEATING:DIABATIC VERSUS TRANSIENT HEATING

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2012年第4期18卷 494-502页

作者：张灵玲杨修群谢倩房佳蓓 Institute for Climate and global Change Research School of Atmospheric SciencesNanjing University Meteorological Institute PLA University of Science and Technology

With the ERA40 reanalysis daily data for 1958-2001, the global atmospheric seasonal-mean diabatic heating and transient heating are computed by using the residual diagnosis of the thermodynamic equation. The three-dimensional structures for the two types of heating are described and compared. It is demonstrated that the diabatic heating is basically characterized by strong and deep convective heating in the tropics, shallow heating in the midlatitudes and deep cooling in the subtropics and high-latitudes. The tropical diabatic heating always shifts towards the summer hemisphere, but the midlatitude heating and high-latitude cooling tend to be strong in the winter hemisphere. On the other hand, the transient heating due to transient eddy transfer is characterized by a meridional dipole pattern with cooling in the subtropics and heating in the mid- and high-latitudes, as well as by a vertical dipole pattern in the midlatitudes with cooling at lower levels and heating in the mid- and higher-levels, which gives rise to a sloped structure in the transient heating oriented from the lower levels in the high latitudes and higher levels in the midlatitudes. The transient heating is closely related to a storm track along which the transient eddy activity is much stronger in the winter hemisphere than in the summer hemisphere. In Northern Hemisphere, the transient heating locates in the western oceanic basin, while it is zonally-oriented in Southern Hemisphere, for which the transient heating and cooling are far separated over South Pacific during the cold season. The transient heating tends to cancel the diabatic heating over most of the globe. However, it dominates the mid-tropospheric heating in the midlatitudes. Therefore, the atmospheric transient processes act to help the atmosphere gain more heat in the high-latitudes and in the mid-troposphere of midlatitudes, reallocating the atmospheric heat obtained from the diabatic heating.

关键词： atmospheric heat source diabatic heating transient-eddy-induced heating