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Relationship Between Allelopathic Effects and Functional Traits of Different Allelopathic Potential Rice Accessions at Different Growth Stages

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Rice science 2018年第1期25卷 32-41页

作者： XU Gaofeng SHEN Shicai ZHANG Fudou ZHANG Yun Kato-Noguchi HISASHI Roy Clements DAVID Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources Research Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Food Crops Research Institute Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of Applied Science Faculty of Agriculture Kagawa University Department of Biology Trinity Western University

In this study,effects of temperature,light and their interactions on allelopathic effects and the functional traits specific leaf area(SLA)and stem mass fraction(SMF)of different allelopathic potential rice accessions at different growth stages were *** main results were as follows:Allelopathic responses to temperature and light varied with different allelopathic potential rice accessions at different growth *** the rise of temperature and the extension of photoperiod,allelopathic effect increased firstly and then decreased at 2–3 leaf stage,but increased constantly at the 4–5 and 7–8 leaf stages in strong allelopathic rice accessions[***,F1(***×RD23),F2(RL159 and RL169)].Temperature had significant impact on allelopathic effect without considering light factors,but light showed little effect on rice allelopathy at the same temperature *** greatest allelopathic effect was attained with moderate temperature and long photoperiod at 2–3 leaf stage in strong allelopathic rice accessions,but all the rice accessions showed weak allelopathic effects at the low temperature condition(15oC/10oC),and the influence of different factors on allelopathy followed a general trend as temperature>leaf stage>light,indicating that among the multiple factors impacting rice allelopathy,temperature was the main *** characteristics of F1 and F2 to various temperature and light were similar to ***,showing that allelopathic genes from wild rice can be expressed in its *** and light also had significant effects on SLA and SMF,and rice allelopathy was closely correlative to SLA in strong allelopathic rice accessions at the 4–5 and 7–8 leaf stages,but there was no correlation between rice allelopathy and SMF at different growth *** results suggested that rice adjust the relationship between allelopathy and SLA and adapt to the varied environments,and that high temperature and long phot

关键词： rice allelopathy environment change functional trait specific leaf area stem mass fraction temperature-light interaction

Fe Nanoclusters on the Ge（001） Surface Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, Density Functional Theory Calculations and X-Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism

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Nano Research 2011年第10期4卷 971-978页

作者： Olaf LUbben Sergey A. Krasnikov Alexei B. Preobrajenski Barry E. Murphy Igor V. Shvets Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices （CRANN） School of Physics Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland MAX-lab Lund University Box 118. 22100 Lund Sweden

The growth of Fe nanoclusters oN the Ge（001） surface has been studied using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy （STM） and density functional theory （DFT） calculations. STM results indicate that Fe nucleates on the Ge（001） surface, forming well-ordered nanoclusters of uniform size. Depending on the preparation conditions, two types of nanoclusters were observed having either four or sixteen Fe atoms within a nanocluster. The results were confirmed by DFT calculations. Annealing the nanoclusters at 420 K leads to the formation of nanorow structures, due to cluster mobility at such temperature. The Fe nanoclusters and nanorow structures formed on the Ge（001） surface show a superparamagnetic behaviour as measured by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism.

关键词： Ge(001) iron nanoclusters self-assembly scanning tunnelling microscopy X-ray magnetic circular dichroism density functional theory calculations

Getting Deep About Deep Ecology

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International Relations and Diplomacy 2020年第2期8卷 55-62页

作者： Anthony F.Tresca trinity university San AntonioUnited States

Despite being a philosophical group since the late 60s/early 70s,Deep Ecology has failed to produce the type of change necessary to effectively combat the climate *** paper examines Deep Ecology’s more spiritual/philosophical approach to climate change,including:their history,their advocacy for biocentric equality,and their focus on cultivating an ecological *** paper then examines major criticisms with the movement and finds that all critics come to a unifying and damning conclusion about the movement:Deep Ecology does not offer a realistic solution to the fast approaching climate ***,Deep Ecology’s inability to solve the climate crisis does not mean the philosophical movement is a failure and bad;instead,it just shows that Deep Ecology in combination with other more tangible steps should be taken to effectively combat the current climate *** groups,led by former Deep Ecologists,like Social Ecology and Green Anarchism,still maintain many of the core principles of Deep Ecology;however,they include a stronger focus on how to take direct action in order to combat climate *** reformist approach provides the best—and most realistic—solutions to the current global climate crisis.

关键词： Deep Ecology shallow ecology biocentric equality social ecology climate change

Price-Matching Guarantees and Entry Deterrence under Incomplete Information

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2012年第2期7卷 246-262页

作者： Liping Zhang School of Business Trinity Western University Langley BC V2Y 1Y1 Canada

Abstract This paper studies price-matching guarantees in a market where entrant does not have perfect information about incumbent＇s cost. The low-cost incumbent can adopt price-matching guarantees as a signal to distinguish itself from the high-cost type and thus effectively deter entry. On the other hand, the high-cost incumbent can successfully fool the potential entrant under certain conditions. Compared with the equilibriums in situations where the option of offering a price guarantee is not available, the use of this instrument either makes it easier for the low-cost incumbent to signal its cost, or expands the range of parameters over which the high-cost incumbent is able to deter entry successfully.

关键词： matching price guarantee entry deterrence

Assessment of oxidative and UV-C treatments for inactivating bacterial biofilms from groundwater wells

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第1期9卷 39-49页

作者： Kyle E. MURRAY Erin I. Manitou-ALVAREZ Enos C. INNISS Frank G. HEALY Adria A. BODOUR Oklahoma Geological Survey University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019-0628 USA ERA Environmental Consulting Dollard des Ormeaux Montreal Quebec H9B 2C81 Canada Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Missouri-Columbia MO 65211-2200 USA Department of Biology Trinity University One Trinity Place San Antonio TX 78212 USA Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment (AFCEE) San Antonio TX 78236 USA

Microorganisms are ubiquitous in natural environments and in water supply infrastructure including groundwater wells. Sessile-state microorganisms may build up on well surfaces as biofilms and, if excessive, cause biofouling that reduces well productivity and water quality. Conditions can be improved using biocides and other traditional well rehabilitation measures; however, biofilm regrowth is inevitable given the continuous introduction of microorganisms from the surrounding environment. Alternative and less invasive well maintenance approaches are desirable for reducing biofilm densities while also minimizing harmful disinfection-by- products. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate effectiveness of alternative treatments for inacti- vating microorganisms comprising biofilms. A novel approach was designed for in situ growth of biofilms on steel coupons suspended from ＇chandeliers＇. After more than 100 days of in situ growth, biofilms were harvested, sampled, and baseline biofilm densities quantifed through cultivation. Ultraviolet-C （UV-C） and oxidative treatments including hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）, ozone （O3） and mixed oxidants were then applied to the biofilms in laboratory-scale treatments. Microbial inactivation was assessed by comparing treated versus baseline biofilm densities. H2O2 was the most effective treatment, and decreased density below baseline by as much as 3.1 orders of magnitude. Mixed oxidants were effective for the well having a lower density biofilm, decreasing density below baseline by as much as 1.4 orders of magnitude. Disparity in the response to treatment was apparent in the wells despite their spatial proximity and common aquifer source, which suggests that microbiological communities are more heterogeneous than the natural media from which they originate.

关键词： aquifer biofouling hydrogen peroxide sustainability well rehabilitation

Chronic pre-treatment with memantine prevents amyloid-beta protein-mediated long-term potentiation disruption

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第1期8卷 49-55页

作者： Fushun Li Xiaowei Chen Feiming Wang Shujun Xu Lan Chang Roger Anwyl Qinwen Wang Department of Physiology Medical School Research Center of Behavioral Science Ningbo University Zhenhai High School trinity College Institute of Neuroscience Department of Physiology Trinity College

Previous studies indicate that memantine, a low-affinity N-methyI-D-aspartate receptor antagonist exerted acute protective effects against amyloid-β protein-induced neurotoxicity. In the present study, the chronic effects and mechanisms of memantine were investigated further using electrophysiological methods. The results showed that 7-day intraperitoneal application of memantine, at doses of 5 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg, did not alter hippocampal long-term potentiation induction in rats, while 40 mg/kg memantine presented potent long-term potentiation inhibition. Then further in vitro studys were carried out in 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg memantine treated rats. We found that 20 mg/kg memantine attenuated the potent long-term potentiation inhibition caused by exposure to amyloid-β protein in the dentate gyrus in vitro. These findings are the first to demonstrate the antagonizing effect of long-term systematic treatment of memantine against amyloid-β protein triggered long-term potentiation inhibition to improve synaptic plasticity.

关键词： neural regeneration neurodegenerative diseases memantine amyloid-β protein long-termpotentiation synaptic plasticity N-methyI-D-aspartate receptor Alzheimer's disease hippocampusgrants-supported paper neuroregeneration

Androgen effects on skeletal muscle： implications for the development and management of frailty

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第2期16卷 203-212,I0007,I0008页

作者： Matthew DL O'Connell Frederick CW Wu The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing Department of Medical Gerontology Trinity College Dublin Ireland Andmlogy Research Unit Institute of Human Development Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes University of Manchester Manchester UK.

Androgens have potent anabolic effects on skeletal muscle and decline with age in parallel to losses in muscle mass and strength. This loss of muscle mass and function, known as sarcopenia, is the central event in development of frailty, the vulnerable health status that presages adverse outcomes and rapid functional decline in older adults. The potential role of falling androgen levels in the development of frailty and their utility as function promoting therapies in older men has therefore attracted considerable attention. This review summarizes current concepts and definitions in muscle ageing, sarcopenia and frailty, and evaluates recent developments in the study of androgens and frailty. Current evidence from observational and interventional studies strongly supports an effect of androgens on muscle mass in ageing men, but effects on muscle strength and particularly physical function have been less clear. Androgen treatment has been generally well-tolerated in studies of older men, but concerns remain over higher dose treatments and use in populations with high cardiovascular risk. The first trials of selective androgen receptor modulators （SARMs） suggest similar effects on muscle mass and function to traditional androgen therapies in older adults. Important future directions include the use of these agents in combination with exercise training to promote functional ability across different populations of older adults, as well as more focus on the relationships between concurrent changes in hormone levels, body composition and physical function in observational studies.

关键词： ageing androgens body composition frailty muscle physical function sarcopenia selective androgen receptor modulators sex hormones testosterone

Burnout in the emergency department: Randomized controlled trial of an attention-based training program

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第3期17卷 173-180页

作者： Pádraic J.Dunne Julie Lynch Lucia Prihodova Caoimhe O'Leary Atiyeh Ghoreyshi Sharee A.Basdeo Donal J.Cox Rachel Breen Ali Sheikhi áine Carroll Cathal Walsh Geraldine McMahon Barry White trinity Translational Medicine Institute Trinity College Research Department Royal College of Physicians of Ireland Department of Innovation Fitbit Inc. Health Research Institute Main BuildingUniversity of Limerick Health Service Executive Dr Steevens' Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine St.James' s Hospital National Centre for Hereditary Coagulation Disorders St.James' s Hospital

Background: Burnout(encompassing emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment) in healthcare professionals is a major issue worldwide. Emergency medicine physicians are particularly affected, potentially impacting on quality of care and attrition from the ***: The aim of this study was to apply an attention-based training(ABT) program to reduce burnout among emergency multidisciplinary team(MDT) members from a large urban ***, setting, participants and interventions: Emergency MDT members were randomized to either a notreatment control or an intervention group. Intervention group participants engaged in a four session(4 h/session) ABT program over 7 weeks with a practice target of 20 min twice-daily. Practice adherence was measured using a smart phone application together with a wearable Charge 2 *** outcome measures: The primary outcome was a change in burnout, comprising emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal achievement. The secondary outcomes were changes in other psychological and biometric ***: The ABT program resulted in a significant reduction(P < 0.05; T1 [one week before intervention]vs T3 [follow-up at two months after intervention]) in burnout, specifically, emotional exhaustion, with an effect size(probability of superiority) of 59%. Similar reductions were observed for stress(P < 0.05) and anxiety(P < 0.05). Furthermore, ABT group participants demonstrated significant improvements in heart rate variability, resting heart rate, sleep as well as an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine ***: This study describes a positive impact of ABT on emergency department staff burnout compared to a no-treatment control group.

关键词： Burnout Emotional exhaustion Meditation Healthcare professional Sleep Stress Cytokines Cortisol Randomized controlled trial

Breeding system and pollination ecology of a potentially invasive alien Clematis vitalba *** Ireland

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第1期11卷 56-63页

作者： Conor M.Redmond Jane C.Stout Faculty of Science University of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceBranisovska 176037005 Ceske BudejoviceCzech Republic Biology Centre Institute of EntomologyThe Czech Academy of SciencesBranisovska 3137005 Ceske BudejoviceCzech Republic School of Natural Sciences and trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research Trinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland

Aims Invasive alien plants can greatly affect native communities and eco-system processes but only a small fraction of alien plant species become *** to establishment and invasion include reproductive *** vitalba *** been a popular hor-ticultural species for the past century and is widely distributed and can be highly *** Ireland,it is considered naturalized and potentially *** this,little is known about its reproduc-tive *** We carried out manipulative field experiments in Ireland and com-pared fruit and seed set from a number of pollination treatments,namely cross-pollination,geitonogamy,autogamy and natural *** also recorded floral visitation to *** through a series of timed *** Findings We found that *** is capable of uniparental reproduction via geitonogamy and autonomous selfing,albeit at a reduced rate com-pared with outcrossing *** vitalba was visited by at least 10 native pollinator taxa,with hoverflies dominating *** fruit set nor seed set in our study population was pollen *** the lack of reproductive constraint,*** may easily spread in suitable *** is of concern in Ireland,given its prevalence in some of the country’s most floristically diverse regions.

关键词： Clematis vitalba plant invasion invasive traits mutualism