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Helicobacter pylori:High dose amoxicillin does not improve primary or secondary eradication rates in an Irish cohort

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第16期12卷 2773-2779页

作者： Conor Costigan Aoife M O'Sullivan Jim O'Connell Shreyashee Sengupta Thomas Butler Stephen Molloy Fintan John O'Hara Barbara Ryan Niall Breslin Sarah O'Donnell Anthony O'Connor Sinead Smith Deirdre McNamara trinity Academic Gastroenterology Group School of Medicine-Trinity College DublinDublin D2Ireland Department of Gastroenterology Tallaght University HospitalDublin D24 NR0AIreland

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(***)eradication rates have fallen globally,likely in large part due to increasing antibiotic resistance to traditional *** areas of high clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance such as ours,Maastricht VI guidelines suggest high dose amoxicillin dual therapy(HDADT)can be considered,subject to evidence for local *** this study we assess efficacy of HDADT therapy for *** eradication in an Irish *** To assess the efficacy of HDADT therapy for *** eradication in an Irish cohort as both first line,and subsequent therapy for patients diagnosed with *** All patients testing positive for *** in a tertiary centre were treated prospectively with HDADT(amoxicillin 1 g tid and esomeprazole 40 mg bid×14 d)over a period of 8 *** was confirmed with Urea Breath Test at least 4 wk after cessation of therapy.A delta-over-baseline>4%was considered *** demographics and treatment outcomes were recorded,analysed and controlled for basic demographics and prior *** *** One hundred and ninety-eight patients were identified with *** infection,10 patients were excluded due to penicillin allergy and 38 patients refused follow up *** all 139 were included in the analysis,55%(n=76)were female,mean age was 46.6 ***,93(67%)of patients were treatment-naïve and 46(33%)had received at least one previous course of *** groups were statistically ***-reported compliance with HDADT was 97%,mild side-effects occurred in 7%.There were no serious adverse drug *** the eradication rate for our cohort was 56%(78/139).Eradication rates were worse for those with previous treatment[43%(20/46)vs 62%(58/93),P=0.0458,odds ratio=2.15].Age and Gender had no effect on eradication *** Overall eradication rates with HDADT were *** being a simple and possibly better tolerated regime,these results do not

关键词： Helicobacter pylori eradication Helicobacter pylori High dose amoxicillin High dose amoxicillin dual therapy Triple therapy

Towards high-strength cold spray additive manufactured metals:Methods,mechanisms,and properties

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第3期170卷 47-64页

作者： Shuo Yin Ningsong Fan Chunjie Huang Yingchun Xie Chao Zhang Rocco Lupoi Wenya Li Department of Mechanical Manufacturing&Biomedical EngineeringParsons BuildingTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin 2Ireland Institute of Materials Technology Helmut-Schmidt-University/University of the Federal Armed Forces HamburgHamburg 22043Germany The Key Lab of Guangdong for Modern Surface Engineering Technology National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Materials Surface Engineering TechnologyInstitute of New MaterialsGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510651China college of Mechanical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225127China State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Friction Welding TechnologiesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 720072China

Cold spray,as a solid-state additive manufacturing process,has been attracting increasing attention from both scientific and industrial ***,cold-sprayed deposits generally have unfavorable mechanical properties in their as-fabricated state compared to conventionally manufactured and fusion-based additive-manufactured counterparts due to the inherent microstructural defects in the deposits(e.g.,porosity and incomplete interparticle bonding).This downside reduces its competitiveness and limits its wide applications as an additive manufacturing *** the past years,many strengthening technologies have been developed or introduced to adjust the microstructure and improve the mechanical properties of cold-sprayed *** term“strengthening”in this work specifically refers to improving the mechanical strength,particularly the tensile strength of the cold-sprayed bulk *** to the stage that the strengthening technologies are used in the cold spray process,they can be classified into three categories:pre-process(e.g.,powder heat treatment),in-process(e.g.,powder heating,in-situ micro-forging,laser-assisted cold spray),and post-process(e.g.,post heat treatment,hot isostatic pressing,hot rolling,friction stir processing).Therefore,a comprehensive review of these strengthening technolo-gies is conducted to illuminate the possible correlations between the strengthening mechanisms and the resultant deposit microstructures and mechanical *** review paper aims to help researchers and engineers well understand the different strengthening methods and provide guidance for the cold spray community to develop new strengthening strategies for future high-quality mass production.

关键词： Cold spray Additive manufacturing Strengthening Microstructure Ductility Tensile strength

Enabling heterogeneous catalysis to achieve carbon neutrality: Directional catalytic conversion of CO_(2) into carboxylic acids

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Carbon Energy 2024年第3期6卷 1-35页

作者： Xiaofei Zhang Wenhuan Huang Le Yu Max García-Melchor Dingsheng Wang Linjie Zhi Huabin Zhang KAUST Catalysis Center(KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXi'anChina State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina School of Chemistry CRANN and AMBERResearch CentresTrinity College DublinCollege GreenDublinIreland Department of Chemistry Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Advanced Chemical Engineering and Energy Materials Research Center China University of Petroleum(East China)QingdaoChina

The increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions has exacerbated the deterioration of the global environment,which should be controlled to achieve carbon *** to the core goal of achieving carbon neutrality is the utilization of CO_(2) under economic and sustainable ***,the strong need for carbon neutrality has led to a proliferation of studies on the direct conversion of CO_(2) into carboxylic acids,which can effectively alleviate CO_(2) emissions and create high-value *** purpose of this review is to present the application prospects of carboxylic acids and the basic principles of CO_(2) conversion into carboxylic acids through photo-,electric-,and thermal *** attention is focused on the regulation strategy of the activity of abundant catalysts at the molecular level,inspiring the preparation of high-performance *** addition,theoretical calculations,advanced technologies,and numerous typical examples are introduced to elaborate on the corresponding process and influencing factors of catalytic ***,challenges and prospects are provided for the future development of this *** is hoped that this review will contribute to a deeper understanding of the conversion of CO_(2) into carboxylic acids and inspire more innovative breakthroughs.

关键词： carbon neutrality carboxylic acids CO_(2)conversion heterogeneous catalyst in situ technology

Edge-Enabled Metaverse:The Convergence of Metaverseand Mobile Edge Computing

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第3期29卷 795-805页

作者： Nyothiri Aung Sahraoui Dhelim Liming Chen Huansheng Ning Luigi Atzori Tahar Kechadi Information Engineering college Xinjiang Institute of EngineeringUrumqi 830023Chinaand also with School of Computer ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinD04 V1W8Ireland School of Computing Ulster UniversityBelfastBT151EDUK School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of CagliariSardinia 09124Italy School of Computer Science University College DublinDublinD04 V1W8Ireland

Metaverse is a virtual environment where users are represented by their avatars to navigate a virtual world having strong links with its physical *** state-of-the-art Metaverse architectures rely on a cloud-based approach for avatar physics emulation and graphics rendering *** current centralized architecture of such systems is unfavorable as it suffers from several drawbacks caused by the long latency of cloud access,such as low-quality *** this end,we propose a Fog-Edge hybrid computing architecture for Metaverse applications that leverage an edge-enabled distributed computing *** applications leverage edge devices’computing power to perform the required computations for heavy tasks,such as collision detection in the virtual universe and high-computational 3D physics in virtual *** computational costs of a Metaverse entity,such as collision detection or physics emulation,are performed at the device of the associated physical *** validate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture,we simulate a distributed social Metaverse *** simulation results show that the proposed architecture can reduce the latency by 50%when compared with cloud-based Metaverse applications.

关键词： industrial Metaverse edge computing Blockchain virtual environment task offloading fog computing

Intercultural Trust in Global Contexts:Synthesizing a Western Nomological Approach with a Chinese Systems Approach

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2024年第2期33卷 162-186页

作者： Rong Du Mingqian Li Shizhong Ai Cathal MacSwiney Brugha Uirike Reisach School of Economics and Management Xidian UniversityXi'an 710071China UCD School of Business University College DublinDublinIreland Information Management Department Neu-Ulm University of Applied SciencesBavariaGermany

Intercultural trust in global contexts plays a central role in helping people from different cultures to communicate comfortably,which is essential for *** to construct a framework that might foster international cooperation,and thus be helpful for coping with global emergencies,we relate a Western nomological approach to an Eastern systems approach to analyse intercultural trust in global *** cultural impacts on intercultural trust and the nomological framework of cultural differences,we propose an intercultural trust model to interpret how cultural differences influence trust.A qualitative study of Chinese-Irish interactions was conducted to interpret this *** organized 10 seminars on intercultural trust,and interviewed 16 people to further explore the respondents'deeper feelings and experiences about intercultural trust in global *** this study,we have identified factors impacting on intercultural trust,and found that intercultural trust can be developed and improved in various *** llustrate these ways,we have provided tactics and methods for building intercultural trust in global *** are highlighted for organizations to avoid cultural clashes and relevant political or economic risks.

关键词： Intercultural trust global contexts systems approach Western approach Chinese approach

One-pot and One-step Cu(0)-mediated Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization of N-Isopropylacrylamide(NIPAM) in Water

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第1期42卷 1-6,I0004页

作者： Zi-Shan Li Jing Lyu Bei Qiu Ying-Hao Li Ruth Foley Ri-Jian Song Melissa Johnson Qiang Geng Wen-Xin Wang Institute of Precision Medicine(AUST-IPM) Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China Charles Institute of Dermatology School of MedicineUniversity College DublinDublin D04 V1W8Ireland

Copper(0)-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization(Cu(0)-mediated RDRP) of the water-soluble monomer Nisopropylacrylamide(NIPAM) has been challenging with the problems of high dispersity, poor control over the molecular weights(MWs) or complex or multi reaction steps, etc. In this work, we report the well-controlled polymerization of NIPAM in water via a facile one-pot and one-step Cu(0)-mediated RDRP. The results of this approach show that the key for kicking off the Cu(0)-mediated NIPAM RDRPs is to ensure sufficient Cu~I at the very beginning, and the key to achieve a well-controlled chain growth is to provide adequate deactivation strength during the polymerization process. For NIPAM, which has a high propagation rate constant, the deactivation control can be effectively enhanced by extra adding deactivator(i.e., Cu~II) to the system. Moreover, a low reaction temperature(4 ℃) is necessary in the controlled synthesis of higher MW poly(Nisopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM) to avoid the compromise in control caused by the phase transition from its lower critical solution temperature(LCST). Through this new kinetically controlled strategy, PNIPAMs with well-defined structure, narrow molecular weight distributions(MWDs) and varied MWs were successfully achieved.

关键词： Cu(0)-mediated RDRP N-isopropylacrylamide Propagation Deactivation Reaction parameters

Anti-methanogenic potential of seaweeds and seaweed-derived compounds in ruminant feed:current perspectives,risks and future prospects

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 463-489页

作者： Ailbhe McGurrin Julie Maguire Brijesh K.Tiwari Marco Garcia-Vaquero Section of Food and Nutrition School of Agriculture and Food ScienceUniversity College DublinDublin 4BelfieldIreland TEAGASC Food Research CentreDublin 15AshtownIreland Bantry Marine Research Station Ltd BantryCo.CorkP75 AX07GearhiesIreland

With methane emissions from ruminant agriculture contributing 17%of total methane emissions worldwide,there is increasing urgency to develop strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in this *** of the proposed strategies is ruminant feed intervention studies focused on the inclusion of anti-methanogenic compounds which are those capable of interacting with the rumen microbiome,reducing the capacity of ruminal microorganisms to produce ***,seaweeds have been investigated for their ability to reduce methane in ruminants in vitro and in vivo,with the greatest methane abatement reported when using the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis(attributed to the bromoform content of this species).From the literature analysis in this study,levels of up to 99%reduction in ruminant methane emissions have been reported from inclusion of this seaweed in animal feed,although further in vivo and microbiome studies are required to confirm these results as other reports showed no effect on methane emission resulting from the inclusion of seaweed to basal *** review explores the current state of research aiming to integrate seaweeds as anti-methanogenic feed additives,as well as examining the specific bioactive compounds within seaweeds that are likely to be related to these *** effects of the inclusion of seaweeds on the ruminal microbiome are also reviewed,as well as the future challenges when considering the largescale inclusion of seaweeds into ruminant diets as anti-methanogenic agents.

关键词： Asparagopsis Bromoform Methanogenesis Phlorotannin Saponin Tannin

Estimation of secondary nucleation kinetics of benzoic acid in batch crystallizer

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Particuology 2024年第4期87卷 232-239页

作者： Yan Zhao Weiyuan Zhang Jinbo Ouyang Guangyang Hou Vamsi Krishna Kamaraju Brian Glennon School of Chemical Engineering Hebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyQinhuangdao066004China Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre School of Chemical and Bioprocess EngineeringUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices East China University of TechnologyNanchang330013China APC Ltd Dublin 4Ireland

The nucleation and growth kinetics of benzoic acid were determined in a population balance model,describing the seeded batch antisolvent crystallization *** process analytical technologies(PATs)were utilized to record the evolution of chord length distributions(CLDs)in solid phase together with the concentration decay in liquid phase,which provided essential experimental information for parameter *** model was solved using standard method of moments based on the moments calculated from CLDs and solute concentration.A developed model,incorporating the nucleation and crystal growth as functions of both supersaturation and solvent composition,has been constructed by fitting the zeroth moment of particles and concentration *** determined kinetic parameters were consequently validated against a new experiment with a different flow rate,indicating that the developed model predicted crystallization process reasonably *** work illustrates the strategy in construct a population balance model for further simulation,model-based optimization and control studies of benzoic acid in antisolvent crystallization.

关键词： Benzoic acid Antisolvent crystallization Population balance equation Nucleation Growth

Human-artificial intelligence interaction in gastrointestinal endoscopy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第3期16卷 126-135页

作者： John R Campion Donal B O'Connor Conor Lahiff Department of Gastroenterology Mater Misericordiae University HospitalDublin D07 AX57Ireland School of Medicine University College DublinDublin D04 C7X2Ireland Department of Surgery Trinity College DublinDublin D02 R590Ireland

The number and variety of applications of artificial intelligence(AI)in gastr-ointestinal(GI)endoscopy is growing *** technologies based on machine learning(ML)and convolutional neural networks(CNNs)are at various stages of development and deployment to assist patients and endoscopists in preparing for endoscopic procedures,in detection,diagnosis and classification of pathology during endoscopy and in confirmation of key performance *** based on ML and CNNs require regulatory approval as medical *** between humans and the technologies we use are complex and are influenced by design,behavioural and psychological *** to the substantial differences between AI and prior technologies,important differences may be expected in how we interact with advice from AI ***-AI interaction(HAII)may be optimised by developing AI algorithms to minimise false positives and designing platform interfaces to maximise *** factors influencing HAII may include automation bias,alarm fatigue,algorithm aversion,learning effect and *** of these areas merits further study in the specific setting of AI applications in GI endoscopy and professional societies should engage to ensure that sufficient emphasis is placed on human-centred design in development of new AI technologies.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Machine learning Human factors Computer-aided detection Colonoscopy Adenoma detection rate