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Quantifying the contribution of the root system of alpine vegetation in the soil aggregate stability of moraine

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第1期5卷 36-42页

作者： Csilla Hudek Silvia Stanchi Michele D’Amico Michele Freppaz University of Torino DISAFA(Department of AgriculturalForest and Food Sciences)Largo Paolo Braccini2Grugliasco 10095TOItaly train2move fellowship University of TorinoDISAFA(Department of AgriculturalForest and Food Sciences)Largo Paolo Braccini2Grugliasco 10095TOItaly

One fifth of the world's population is living in mountains or in their surrounding areas.This anthropogenic pressure continues to grow with the increasing number of settlements,especially in areas connected to touristic activities,such as the Italian Alps.The process of soil formation on high mountains is particularly slow and these soils are particularly vulnerable to soil degradation.In alpine regions,extreme meteorological events are increasingly frequent due to climate change,speeding up the process of soil degradation and increasing the number of severe erosion processes,shallow landslides and debris flows.Vegetation cover plays a crucial role in the stabilization of mountain soils thereby reducing the risk of natural hazards effecting downslope areas.Soil aggregate stability is one of the main soil properties that can be linked to soil loss processes.Soils developed on moraines in recently deglaciated areas typically have low levels of soil aggregation,and a limited or discontinuous vegetation cover making them more susceptible to degradation.However,soil structure can be influenced by the root system of the vegetation.Roots are actively involved in the formation of water-stable soil aggregation,increasing the stability of the soil and its nutrient content.In the present study,we aim to quantify the effect of the root system of alpine vegetation on the soil aggregate stability of the forefield of the Lys glacier,in the Aosta Valley(NW-Italy).This proglacial area provides the opportunity to study how the root system of ten pioneer alpine species from different successional stages can contribute to soil development and soil stabilization.To quantify the aggregate stability of root permeated soils,a modified wet sieving method was employed.The root length per soil volume of the different species was also determined and later correlated with the aggregate stability results.The results showed that soil aggregate stability was significantly increased by the presence of roots.The lowest soil aggregate stability wa

关键词： Soil aggregate stability Root length density Pioneer alpine species Glacier forefield

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Equivariant analytical mapping of first principles Hamiltonians to accurate and transferable materials models

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1468-1481页

作者： Liwei Zhang Berk Onat Geneviève Dusson Adam McSloy G.Anand Reinhard J.Maurer Christoph Ortner James R.Kermode Department of Mathematics University of British Columbia1984 Mathematics RoadVancouverBCV6T 1Z2Canada Warwick Centre for Predictive Modelling School of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV47ALUK Laboratoire de Mathématiques UMR CNRS 6623UniversitéBourgogne Franche-Comté16 route de Gray25030BesançonFrance Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology-ShibpurHowrahWBIndia Department of Chemistry University of WarwickCoventryCV47ALUK

We propose a scheme to construct predictive models for Hamiltonian matrices in atomic orbital representation from ab initio data as a function of atomic and bond environments.The scheme goes beyond conventional tight binding descriptions as it represents the ab initio model to full order,rather than in two-centre or three-centre approximations.We achieve this by introducing an extension to the atomic cluster expansion(ACE)descriptor that represents Hamiltonian matrix blocks that transform equivariantly with respect to the full rotation group.The approach produces analytical linear models for the Hamiltonian and overlap matrices.Through an application to aluminium,we demonstrate that it is possible to train models from a handful of structures computed with density functional theory,and apply them to produce accurate predictions for the electronic structure.The model generalises well and is able to predict defects accurately from only bulk training data.

关键词： structure Hamiltonian analytical

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