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Semantic segmentation-based semantic communication system for image transmission

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第3期10卷 519-527页

作者： Jiale Wu Celimuge Wu Yangfei Lin Tsutomu Yoshinaga Lei Zhong Xianfu Chen Yusheng Ji The University of Electro-Communication Tokyo182-8585Japan toyota motor corporation Tokyo112-8701Japan VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland OuluFinland National Institute of Informatics(NII) Tokyo101-8430Japan

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and the widespread use of the Internet of Things, semantic communication, as an emerging communication paradigm, has been attracting great interest. Taking image transmission as an example, from the semantic communication's view, not all pixels in the images are equally important for certain receivers. The existing semantic communication systems directly perform semantic encoding and decoding on the whole image, in which the region of interest cannot be identified. In this paper, we propose a novel semantic communication system for image transmission that can distinguish between Regions Of Interest (ROI) and Regions Of Non-Interest (RONI) based on semantic segmentation, where a semantic segmentation algorithm is used to classify each pixel of the image and distinguish ROI and RONI. The system also enables high-quality transmission of ROI with lower communication overheads by transmissions through different semantic communication networks with different bandwidth requirements. An improved metric θPSNR is proposed to evaluate the transmission accuracy of the novel semantic transmission network. Experimental results show that our proposed system achieves a significant performance improvement compared with existing approaches, namely, existing semantic communication approaches and the conventional approach without semantics.

关键词： Semantic Communication Semantic segmentation Image transmission Image compression Deep learning

Analysis for Effects of Temperature Rise of PV Modules upon Driving Distance of Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaic Electric Vehicles

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Energy and Power Engineering 2024年第4期16卷 131-150页

作者： Masafumi Yamaguchi Yasuyuki Ota Taizo Masuda Christian Thiel Anastasios Tsakalidis Arnulf Jaeger-Waldau Kenji Araki Kensuke Nishioka Tatsuya Takamoto Takashi Nakado Kazumi Yamada Tsutomu Tanimoto Yosuke Tomita Yusuke Zushi Kenichi Okumura Takashi Mabuchi Akinori Satou Kyotaro Nakamura Ryo Ozaki Nobuaki Kojima Yoshio Ohshita toyota Technological Institute Nagoya Japan Faculty of Engineering Miyazaki University Miyazaki Japan toyota motor corporation Susono Japan European Commission— Joint Research Centre Ispra Italy Sharp corporation Nara Japan toyota motor corporation Toyota Japan Nissan motor corporation Yokosuka Japan

The development of vehicle integrated photovoltaics-powered electric vehicles (VIPV-EV) significantly reduces CO2 emissions from the transport sector to realize a decarbonized society. Although long-distance driving of VIPV-EV without electricity charging is expected in sunny regions, driving distance of VIPV-EV is affected by climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules. In this paper, detailed analytical results for effects of climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules upon driving distance of the VIPV-EV were presented by using test data for toyota Prius and Nissan Van demonstration cars installed with high-efficiency InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs 3-junction solar cell modules with a module efficiency of more than 30%. The temperature rise of some PV modules studied in this study was shown to be expressed by some coefficients related to solar irradiation, wind speed and radiative cooling. The potential of VIPV-EV to be deployed in 10 major cities was also analyzed. Although sunshine cities such as Phoenix show the high reduction ratio of driving range with 17% due to temperature rise of VIPV modules, populous cities such as Tokyo show low reduction ratio of 9%. It was also shown in this paper that the difference between the driving distance of VIPV-EV driving in the morning and the afternoon is due to PV modules’ radiative cooling. In addition, the importance of heat dissipation of PV modules and the development of high-efficiency PV modules with better temperature coefficients was suggested in order to expand driving range of VIPV-EV. The effects of air-conditioner usage and partial shading in addition to the effects of temperature rise of VIPV modules were suggested as the other power losses of VIPV-EV.

关键词： Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaics (VIPV) VIPV-Powered Electric Vehicles Driving Distance PV Modules Solar Irradiation Temperature Rise Radiative Cooling

Real-Time Co-optimization of Gear Shifting and Engine Torque for Predictive Cruise Control of Heavy-Duty Trucks

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第2期37卷 294-317页

作者： Hongqing Chu Xiaoxiang Na Huan Liu Yuhai Wang Zhuo Yang Lin Zhang Hong Chen School of Automotive Studies Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridgeUK State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin UniversityChangchunChina Qingdao Automotive Research Institute Jilin UniversityQingdaoChina Dongfeng Commercial Vehicle Technology Center Dongfeng Motor CorporationWuhanChina

Fuel consumption is one of the main concerns for heavy-duty *** cruise control(PCC)provides an intriguing opportunity to reduce fuel consumption by using the upcoming road *** this study,a real-time implementable PCC,which simultaneously optimizes engine torque and gear shifting,is proposed for heavy-duty *** minimize fuel consumption,the problem of the PCC is formulated as a nonlinear model predictive control(MPC),in which the upcoming road elevation information is *** the solution of the nonlinear MPC is time consuming;thus,a real-time implementable solver is developed based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle and indirect shooting *** programming(DP)algorithm,as a global optimization algorithm,is used as a performance benchmark for the proposed ***,hardware-in-the-loop and real-truck experiments are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed *** results demonstrate that the MPC-based solution performs nearly as well as the DP-based solution,with less than 1%deviation for testing ***,the proposed co-optimization controller is implementable in a real-truck,and the proposed MPC-based PCC algorithm achieves a fuel-saving rate of 7.9%without compromising the truck’s travel time.

关键词： Heavy-duty truck Predictive cruise control Model predictive control Pontryagin’s maximum principle Real-truck implementation

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A Multiscale Reliability-Based Design Optimization Method for Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Composite Drive Shafts

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第8期140卷 1975-1996页

作者： Huile Zhang Shikang Li Yurui Wu Pengpeng Zhi Wei Wang Zhonglai Wang Yangtze Delta Region Institute(Huzhou) University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaHuzhou313001China Huzhou Key Laboratory of Green Energy Materials and Battery Cascade Utilization Huzhou CollegeHuzhou313000China SAIC motor corporation Limited Passenger Vehicle Co. Shanghai201804China School ofMechanical and Electrical Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China

Carbon fiber composites,characterized by their high specific strength and low weight,are becoming increasingly crucial in automotive ***,current research primarily emphasizes layer count and orientation,often neglecting the potential of microstructural design,constraints in the layup process,and performance *** study,therefore,introduces a multiscale reliability-based design optimization method for carbon fiber-reinforced plastic(CFRP)drive ***,parametric modeling of the microscale cell was performed,and its elastic performance parameters were predicted using two homogenization methods,examining the impact of fluctuations in microscale cell parameters on composite material performance.A finite element model of the CFRP drive shaft was then constructed,achieving parameter transfer between microscale and macroscale through Python *** enabled an investigation into the influence of both micro and macro design parameters on the CFRP drive shaft’s *** Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization(MOPSO)algorithm was enhanced for particle generation and updating strategies,facilitating the resolution of multi-objective reliability optimization problems,including composite material layup process *** studies demonstrated that this approach leads to over 30%weight reduction in CFRP drive shafts compared to metallic counterparts while satisfying reliability requirements and offering insights for the lightweight design of other vehicle components.

关键词： Multiscale reliability-based design optimization carbon-fabric-reinforced composite drive shaft

JSAE-SICE benchmark problem for vehicle dynamics control

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Control Theory and Technology 2019年第2期17卷 131-137页

作者： Yutaka HIRANO toyota motor corporation 1200MishukuSusonoShizuoka410-1193Japan

Recently many new types of small vehicles for future urban societies have been proposed and *** small vehicles tends to have reduced stability and handling ability than conventional vehicles because of their lighter weight and reduced tire *** cope with this problem by active collaboration of Japanese academia and industries,a benchmark problem of designing vehicle control logic for an articulated In-Wheel-motor vehicle was settled by Japanese society of automotive industries and *** this purpose,simulation models of the new vehicle using multi-physics acausal modeling language Modelica were provided from the industry *** were requested to design controllers of tire steering angle,tire camber angle and tire driving force to satisfy requested vehicle dynamic *** also were some restrictions about the range of *** test scenarios were given to evaluate the control *** challengers from Japanese Universities have tackled with this benchmark *** results of their researches are also introduced in this paper.

关键词： Automotive control vehicle dynamics future mobility stability and handling performance modeling and simulation Modelica

Analytic Formulae for Estimating motor Proportion of Load Model Under Small Disturbance

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第4期10卷 1599-1607页

作者： Ping Ju Shiqiu Xia Yuqing Jin Lu Cao School of Electrical and Power Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China the East China Branch of the State Grid corporation of China Shanghai 200120China

In the composite load model(CLM),which is commonly used in China,an equivalent motor and equivalent static load are used to represent all electrical equipment and networks connected to a load *** research has determined typical values of electrical and mechanical parameters for load models of different load types,which improves the basis for load ***,the motor proportion parameter is not the same for different load buses or at different times;therefore,obtaining the actual motor proportion is key to establishing an accurate load *** the existing load modeling method,motor proportion is commonly identified along with other parameters under rare large disturbances;therefore,the value of the motor proportion is fixed by the time when a large disturbance *** this paper,formulae are derived to estimate motor proportion under small disturbances,and these formulae allow direct calculation of motor proportion without using any optimization *** proposed estimation formulae do not rely on any parameters of load model or power system but instead rely only on measurement of the voltage and active power at steady-state points before and after a small *** of universality of small disturbances in power systems,estimating time-varying motor proportion under small disturbances will be helpful for solving the time-varying problem of load ***,the proposed motor proportion estimation formulae are validated by simulations,physical experiments,and field experiments.

关键词： Composite load model load modeling motor proportion parameter estimation

Improvement in mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-Si-Cu alloys through sonosolidified slurry

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China Foundry 2014年第4期11卷 396-401页

作者： Yoshiki Tsunekawa Shinpei Suetsugu Masahiro Okumiya Naoki Nishikawa Yoshikazu Genma toyota Technological Institute TenpakuNagoya 468-8511Japan toyota motor corporation Toyota 471-8571Japan

For the wider applications,it is necessary to improve the ductility as well as the strength and wear-resistance of hypereutectic AlSi-Cu alloys,which are typical light-weight wear-resistant *** increase in the amounts of primary silicon particles causes the modified wear-resistance of hypereutectic Al-Si-Cu alloys,but leads to the poor strength and *** is known that dual phase steels composed of hetero-structure have succeeded in bringing contradictory mechanical properties of high strength and ductility *** order to apply the idea of hetero-structure to hypereutectic Al-Si-Cu alloys for the achievement of high strength and ductility along with wear resistance,ultrasonic irradiation of the molten metal during the solidification,which is called sono-solidification,was carried out from its molten state to just above the eutectic *** sono-solidified Al-17Si-4Cu alloy is composed of hetero-structure,which are,hard primary silicon particles,soft non-equilibrium a-Al phase and the eutectic ***-casting was performed at just above the eutectic temperature with sono-solidified slurry to shape a disk *** the rheo-casting with modified sonosolidified slurry held for 45 s at 570 oC,the quantitative optical microscope observation exhibits that the microstructure is composed of 18area%of hard primary silicon particles and 57area%of soft a-Al *** contrast,there exist only 5 area%of primary silicon particles and no a-Al phase in rheo-cast specimen with normally solidified *** the tensile tests of T6 treated rheo-cast specimens with modified sono-solidified slurry exhibit improved strength and 5%of elongation,regardless of having more than 3 times higher amounts of primary silicon particles compared to that of rheo-cast specimen with normally solidified slurry.

关键词： semisolid casting slurry ultrasonic vibration sonosolidification hetero-structure hypereutectic aluminum alloy primary silicon a-Al solid solution

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SICE benchmark problem:starting speed control of SI engines

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Control Theory and Technology 2019年第2期17卷 138-147页

作者： Junichi KAKO Advanced Powertrain Planning&Management Div.toyota motor corporation ShizuokaJapan

Starting the engine and quickly adjusting the engine speed to the target value after that will always be a challenge for vehicles with an internal combustion engines at development sites in the automotive *** SICE Research Committee on Advanced Powertrain Control Theory provided this task as a benchmark problem with the engine *** as control developers in the industry are provided actual engines,many of the academic experts have acquired engine models,analyzed behavior and constructed controls,and solved control *** summarize this activity by explaining the methods by many challengers that achieved the target performance.

关键词： Engine start control benchmark problem engine model

一种带智能电子控制系统的新型自动变速器的丰田“ECT-i”

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传动技术 2001年第3期 21-30页

作者： Tadashi konodo,Kunikiro Iwalsuki,Yutaka Taga,Takao Tanguchi,Takuji,Taniguchi toyota motor corporation toyota motor corporation toyota motor corporation Aisin Aw Co.Ltd Aisin Aw Co.Ltd Aisin Aw Co.Ltd

丰田已经开发了一种新型自动变速器名为 A341 E。这种变速箱采用一种极好的发动机和变速器一体化的智能控制系统叫做“ECT- i”和高性能的“超流”( Super Flow)变矩器。这种控制系统换档时可以综合控制发动机转矩和离合器液压。在变速... 详细信息

丰田已经开发了一种新型自动变速器名为 A341 E。这种变速箱采用一种极好的发动机和变速器一体化的智能控制系统叫做“ECT- i”和高性能的“超流”( Super Flow)变矩器。这种控制系统换档时可以综合控制发动机转矩和离合器液压。在变速器整个寿命期间它可确保换档平稳性没有任何变化。“超流”变矩器采用计算机仿真通过内流分析经几何修正优化使它成为世界最高效率的一种变矩器。采用这样的系统 ,该新型自动变速器改善了车辆的总体性能。近来由于石油危机 ,自动变速器的技术开发燃油经济性已成为主要目标 ,着重于提高包括发动机的整个动力装置的效率。 4档自动变速器开发的锁止离合器和它的电子控制系统已经进入实际使用阶段 ( 1 )、( 2 )、( 3)。为了进一步改善车辆的驾驶和动力性能目前正努力增加变速器档数。司机对车辆性能的要求越来越高 ,要求自动变速器高的换档不仅是燃油经济性和动力性能而且还要求好的换档质量、降低噪音等等。所以对于随着变速器档位要求增加操纵许多齿轮档数 ,故平稳性和平静性包括质量控制是大多数自动变速器开发的主要目标。在这样的情况下 ,丰田已开发了一种新的自动变速器称为 A341 E。这种变速器采用极好的发动机和变速器综合的智能控制系统和一个高性能‘超流”变矩器

关键词：自动变速器智能控制系统