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Globalization of tourism and Third World tourism Development——A Political Economy Perspective

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Chinese Geographical Science 2006年第3期16卷 203-210页

作者： ZHAO Weibing LI Xingqun tourism Management Area Haskayne School of Business University of Calgary Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada Department of tourism Management School of Business Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China

Globalization, which is characterized by the escalating mobility of capital, people, ideas and information on a universal scale, has become a sweeping theme in the contemporary world. tourism and its associated economic activities are evidently not immune to such a wider context of the world economy. In the past one or two decades, a stable increase has been witnessed in international tourist flows, inter-regional and inter-organizational alliances, and foreign direct investment. These trends are especially prevalent in the developing world, largely because of their pristine nature, di- verse culture, inexpensive goods and services, cheap labours, and other resources. However, it has been cautioned by some scholars, especially those from the Third World countries, that tourism is an industry run by and for the rich, more powerful nations and their corresponding multinational corporations. This article, from the perspective of political economy, supplemented with views from development studies, made a normative analysis on the impacts of the glob- alization of tourism on the Third World destination countries. Specifically, these impacts have been detailed in terms of economic, sociocultural, and ecological domains. It was demonstrated that without appropriate planning and manage- ment, the costs of Third World tourism development may accrue to the extent that its benefits are burned out. To avoid this happening, some suggestions have been made.

关键词： globalization political economy tourism development Third World

Analyzing land use characteristics of rural settlements on the urban fringe of Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第10期13卷 1855-1866页

作者： WANG Yi BI Guo-hua YANG Qing-yuan WANG Zhao-lin College of Resources and Environment Southwest University School of Geographical Sciences Southwest University School of tourism and Land Resource Chongqing Technology and Business University

The objective of this paper is to analyze land use characteristics of rural settlements in urban fringe so as to provide references for optimizing the regional distribution of rural settlements, consolidating rural settlements, and coordinating urban-rural integrated development. The methods of spatial statistical analysis, buffer analysis, Ripley's K function, kernel density analysis based on GIS(Geographic Information System) were used to analyze the characteristics of scale, spatial differentiation and spatial patterns of the rural settlements in Liangjiang New Area in Chongqing Municipality of China. The fractal dimension formula was also developed to reflect fractal feature of the rural settlements. The results show that, the scale of rural settlements in Liangjang New Area takes on distinct characteristics of spatial differentiation along with changes in elevation, gradient, location, geohazards distribution, and the like. The fractal characteristic of rural settlements has obvious regional variations subject to the 6 factors of location in the Liangjiang New Area. Overall, the worse the terrain conditions are, the larger the fractal dimension values become. The better the locationconditions, the larger the fractal dimension values are. The spatial pattern in the township scale presents three kinds of distribution as being aggregated, uniform and random. In contract, the spatial pattern in the plaque scale displays a banding distribution from a general view with several aggregation zones centering on each town center. From the results, we can see that the characteristics of rural settlements in urban fringe are more complicated. For such kind of rural settlements in special regions, in the rural land consolidation more attention should be paid to improve the rural living environments and public services, as well as to promote the harmonious relationship between the urban and rural areas.

关键词： Land use Rural settlements Land-use characteristics Urban fringe Chongqing Liangjiang New Area

Economic Valuation of Auctioned Tourist Hunting Blocks in Tanzania

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第4期13卷 199-228页

作者： Reuben M. J. Kadigi Imani R. Nkuwi Fredrick A. Ligate Hamza Kija Emmanuel B. Musamba Department of Trade and Investment College of Economics and Business Studies Sokoine University of Agriculture CHUO KIKUU Morogoro Tanzania Research and Training Unit Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism Dodoma Tanzania Wildlife Division Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism Dodoma Tanzania Conservation Information and Monitoring Unit Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute Arusha Tanzania tourism and business services directorate Tanzania Wildlife Management Authority Morogoro Tanzania

Economic valuation of ecosystems is increasingly being recognized as an important exercise to inform sustainable utilization and conservation of natural assets. It helps in planning and establishing fair profit margins that accrue either directly or indirectly from the consumptive and non-consumptive uses of ecosystem goods and services. This paper is based on a study which estimated the economic values of tourist hunting blocks (HBs) in Tanzania using the Analytic Multicriteria Valuation Method (AMUVAM). The study used a sample size of 12 out of 24 vacant hunting blocks which were to be auctioned to potential hunting companies in December 2022. The economic values of HBs were estimated using the time horizon of 10 years (the mean tenure for winning company). The results show that the economic values ranged from USD 6,215,588 to USD 653,470,695 per hunting block and the Existence Value (EV) constituted about 19% of the Total Economic Value (TEV). EV ranged from USD 632,210 to USD 125,147,285. The study underscores the need for decisions to allocate ecosystems, such as HBs, to both direct and indirect uses, to be guided by a though understanding of their values. We further recommend building the capacity of staff charged with the role of managing and allocating uses of these ecosystems to enable them undertake economic valuation of ecosystems using both simple and more robust analytical tools, such as the GIS, relational databases, and worldwide websites based tools, like InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Environmental services and Tradeoffs), ARIES (Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem services), and Co$ting Nature.

关键词： Ecosystems Total Economic Value Biodiversity Conservation Analytic Multicriteria Valuation Method Hunting Blocks

Research on Partner Selection in Enterprise Innovation Ecosystem

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Proceedings of business and Economic Studies 2024年第1期7卷 99-103页

作者： Shuang Luo Junxi Gao Weiwei Deng Sichuan tourism University Chengdu 610100Sichuan ProvinceChina

In the face of fierce market competition,enterprises must ensure the competitiveness of their products or services through technological ***,the complexity of technology often surpasses the capabilities of individual enterprises,leading them to deepen cooperation with other *** entities within the enterprise innovation ecosystem depend on each other,collaborate closely,and rely on core enterprises to integrate resources,thereby creating system value and enhancing *** purpose of this paper is to explore the process of selecting appropriate ecosystem *** begins by providing an overview of relevant concepts,characteristics,selection factors,and ***,it analyzes the roles,resources,and synergy evolution of the entities within the *** evaluation system encompassing operation,core,synergy,and development capability is then *** system comprises 16 indicators,including organization scale and reputation,and is accompanied by a hierarchical evaluation ***,the validity of the evaluation system is confirmed through empirical analysis,utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.

关键词： Enterprise innovation ecosystem Partner selection Core enterprise

Open banking and inclusive finance in the European Union:perspectives from the Dutch stakeholder ecosystem

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 2752-2778页

作者： Massimo Preziuso Franziska Koefer Michel Ehrenhard directorate of Law EconomicsAccounting and FinanceSalford Business SchoolUniversity of SalfordSalfordManchester M54WTUK Department of High‑Tech business and Entrepreneurship(HBE) Faculty of BehaviouralManagement and Social Sciences(BMS)University of TwenteDrienerlolaan 57522 NB EnschedeThe Netherlands

In the European Union(EU),the revised Payment services Directive(PSD2)aims to provide more convenient and customized financial products through open banking(OB)***,little attention has been paid to the role of OB in improving the financial well-being of the growing number of the EU’s underserved groups,which currently constitute approximately a quarter of its *** study examines how the PSD2 and OB impact inclusive finance in the EU based on the perspectives of the Netherlands’ecosystem,one of the leaders in the EU’s financial technology(FinTech)landscape.A fundamental distinction can be drawn between the OB users and the ecosystem’s *** the impact of financial services on the users’inclusivity,while the PSD2 strengthens the infrastructure necessary for financial inclusion,many challenges remain,mainly because it was not designed for this *** study identifies several areas of improvement that include adjustments to the know your customer and anti-money laundering processes for underserved customers,innovative ways to communicate the PSD2’s potential,and the regulation of technology providers’activities to build ***,from the ecosystem’s position,there is a need to strengthen and improve microfinance regulation according to the opportunities provided by the PSD2 to support microfinance institutions(MFIs)in scaling up and reaching underserved clients across borders with innovative *** improvements can also be achieved by organizations formed by MFIs and FinTechs in collaboration with *** hybrid institutions will combine the best features of each of them:knowledge of the needs of local underserved clients from MFIs,technological innovations from FinTechs,and large and trusted customer bases,infrastructures,and access to institutional investments and governments from ***,an EU inclusive OB sector depends on the centrality of trusted regulators as coordination *** PSD2 requires adj

关键词： The Revised Payment services Directive(PSD2) Open banking Inclusive finance Ecosystems FinTech The Netherlands The European Union

Post Construction Support and Sustainability of Community Water Resources and Sanitation Facilities: The Case of Eastern Region of Ghana

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Post Construction Support and Sustainability of Community Wa...

The Middle-aged and Knowledge Workers: Demographic and Economic Changes in the Pearl River Delta, China

2010 Euro-Asian Winter Conference on Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management

作者： FAMIYEH Samuel THEODORA Adomako-Adjei Technische Universitt Bergakademie Freiberg GIMPA Business School Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration Extension services Coordinator Community Water and Sanitation Agency

ISBN: (纸本)9783865735942

In recent years there has been an increasing focus on, and understanding of, the design and implementation phases of Rural Water and Sanitation Projects as part of efforts to make projects more successful and work more efficiently. However, not much attention has yet been paid to the post-construction stage. The post construction support is not adequate which has negatively affected the performance of institutions put in place to ensure sustainability of the facilities. The study focuses on post construction support for sustainability of water and sanitation facilities which is gaining much prominence in the water and sanitation sub sector. The study discussed the existing situation of post construction support to water and sanitation projects and examined its effectiveness and how it can affect the sustainability of facilities.

关键词： District Backstop Community Boreholes

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Chinese Geographical Science 2022年第2期32卷 268-284页

作者： FENG Pengfei Anna GROWE SHEN Yuming College of Resources Environment&TourismCapital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China Institute of Geography Heidelberg UniversityBerliner Strafie 48D-69120 HeidelbergGermany

Demographic and economic development can be seen as two sides of one coin in the process of regional *** article deals with how economic and demographic changes influence the settlement structure and development of the Pearl River Delta(PRD)and lead to regionalization processes within the large *** aim of the study was to understand the interrelation between the three aspects:economic change,demographic change and change of spatial *** on population age and occupational data,spatial changes in demographic structure and economic activities from 2000 to 2010 were *** was found that the demographic and economic change reflected changing spatial patterns between the urban centers and the hinterland in the *** processes were apparent during the studied period in the hinterlands and the high-density areas of the *** one hand,the hinterlands in the PRD attracted more manufacturing activities,while the inner high-density areas experienced a decrease in manufacturing,associated with an increase in young labor in regions where workplaces that only required limited education *** the other hand,specialization in knowledge-intensive business services increased in the inner high-density areas,which also saw an increased share in the older *** finding suggests that increasing knowledge-intensive work correlates with higher age structures due to the longer formal education required and also the benefits knowledge workers accrue through experience and gained knowledge over ***,based on a transformation process,we tentatively conclude that the populations in high-density areas in the PRD became more middle-aged and were represented by more knowledge workers.

关键词： manufacturing knowledge-intensive business services(KIBS) economic change demographic change Pearl River Delta

Environmental cost and pollution risk caused by the industrial transfer in Qinghai Province

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2014年第3期8卷 362-374页

作者： Qun'ou JIANG Chengcai TANG Jinyan ZHAN Wei ZHANG Feng WU School of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100038 China School of tourism Management Beijing International Studies University Beijing 100024 China State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

With the rising pressure due to energy consumption and costs of environmental protection and recovery, industrial transfer from the eastern to central and western areas has surged in China. However, extremely fragile ecological conditions and severe water shortage are significant hurdles for industry development in Western China. Whether the vulnerable environment can bear the pollution caused by the transferred industry from Eastern China becomes a significant issue. This study firstly estimates energy and environmental costs in different areas of China, and assesses the necessity to upgrade the industrial structure of Qinghai Province. Then the emis- sions of waste water, waste gas, and smoke caused by transferred industries are calculated by Input-Output Model. On the basis of the effect analysis of waste emission on environment, pollution risks of Qinghai province are assessed. The results illustrate that the costs of environmental protection and recovery in China have a gradient distribution, of which the energy efficiency is Lower while environmental costs are higher in Western China. Industrial structure adjustment has different impacts on the pollution of different sectors. Although the development of machinery and equipment, hotels and catering services, and real estate, leasing, and business services has increased the emission of pollutants, it is offset by the decreasing emissions caused by other industries such as construction and metal products. Therefore, although economic development will increase environ- mental pollution, industrial adjustments can effectively decrease waste water and waste gas emissions to reduce the pollution risk. It should be noted that there are still tremendous challenges for industrial transfer in Qinghai Province to coordinate the environment and industry development.

关键词： environmental cost industrial transfer energy,pollution risk Qinghai

An Implication of E-business in Destination Development： A Case Study of Hainan Rural tourism

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International English Education Research 2014年第11期 61-65页

作者： Zhou Jinquan Liu Jiajia He Wenjin tourism College Hainan University Haikou China Hainan University Haikou China

With the rapidly development of rural tourism, tourism e-commerce provides an internet platform for it that promotes the combination of e-tourism and rural tourism. Based on the research on electronic information services, website features and mode of operation of rural tourism, a case study was employed to develop rural e-commerce in Hainan where its topical website type and function were studied. In this paper, questionnaire was using to identify existing problems in the perceptions and expectations of rural tourism tourists website features module, we recommend B2B2C model is proposed to develop rural tourism e-commerce in Hainan.

关键词： Rural tourism E-commerce Hainan