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Photoionisation detection of a single Er3+ ion with sub-100-ns time resolution

National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 38-45页

作者： Yangbo Zhang Wenda Fan Jiliang Yang Hao Guan Qi Zhang Xi Qin Changkui Duan Gabriele G.de Boo Brett C.Johnson Jeffrey C.Mc Callum Matthew J.Sellars Sven Rogge Chunming Yin Jiangfeng Du CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China CAS Center for excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China centre of excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Physics University of New South Wales centre of excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Engineering RMIT University centre of excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Physics University of Melbourne centre of excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology Research School of Physics and Engineering Australian National University

Efficient detection of single optical centres in solids is essential for quantum information processing, sensing and single-photon generation *** this work,we use radio-frequency（RF） reflectometry to electrically detect the photoionisation induced by a single Er3+ion in *** high bandwidth and sensitivity of the RF reflectometry provide sub-100-ns time resolution for the photoionisation *** this technique,the optically excited state lifetime of a single Er3+ion in a Si nano-transistor is measured for the first time to be 0.49±0.04μ*** results demonstrate an efficient approach for detecting a charge state change induced by Er excitation and *** approach could be used for fast readout of other single optical centres in solids and is attractive for large-scale integrated optical quantum systems thanks to the multi-channel RF reflectometry demonstrated with frequency multiplexing techniques.

关键词： single optical centres erbium ions RF reflectometry photoionisation detection

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Constructing a biofunctionalized 3D-printed gelatin/sodium alginate/chitosan tri-polymer complex scaffold with improvised biological andmechanical properties for bone-tissue engineering

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第1期7卷 57-73页

作者： Amit Kumar Singh Krishna Pramanik Amit Biswas centre of excellence in Tissue Engineering Department of Biotechnology and Medical EngineeringNational Institute of TechnologyRourkela 769008India

Sodium alginate(SA)/chitosan(CH)polyelectrolyte scaffold is a suitable substrate for tissue-engineering *** present study deals with further improvement in the tensile strength and biological properties of this type of scaffold to make it a potential template for bone-tissue *** experimented with adding 0%–15%(volume fraction)gelatin(GE),a protein-based biopolymer known to promote cell adhesion,proliferation,and *** resulting tri-polymer complex was used as bioink to fabricate SA/CH/GEmatrices by three-dimensional(3D)*** studies using scanning electron microscopy revealed the microfibrous porous architecture of all the structures,which had a pore size range of 383–419μm.X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed the amorphous nature of the scaffold and the strong electrostatic interactions among the functional groups of the polymers,thereby forming polyelectrolyte complexes which were found to improve mechanical properties and structural *** scaffolds exhibited a desirable degradation rate,controlled swelling,and hydrophilic characteristics which are favorable for bone-tissue *** tensile strength improved from(386±15)to(693±15)kPa due to the increased stiffness of SA/CH scaffolds upon addition of *** enhanced protein adsorption and in vitro bioactivity(forming an apatite layer)confirmed the ability of the SA/CH/GE scaffold to offer higher cellular adhesion and a bone-like environment to cells during the process of tissue *** vitro biological evaluation including the MTT assay,confocal microscopy analysis,and alizarin red S assay showed a significant increase in cell attachment,cell viability,and cell proliferation,which further improved biomineralization over the scaffold *** addition,SA/CH containing 15%gelatin designated as SA/CH/GE15 showed superior performance to the other fabricated 3D structures,demonstrating its pote

关键词： Scaffold Biomaterial Sodium alginate Chitosan Gelatin 3D printing Tissue engineering

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A new view of the local Universe

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 167-168页

作者： Lister Staveley-Smith International centre for Radio Astronomy research(ICRAR) University of Western AustraliaCrawley WA 6009Australia ARC centre of excellence for All Sky Astrophysics(ASTRO 3D) Crawley WA 6009Australia

The distribution and kinematics of gas in and around dark matter halos, the formation of stellar populations from the gravitational collapse of gas clouds, and the interaction of stars and their remnants with interste... 详细信息

关键词： galaxies stars galactic

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MXenes for Bioinspired Soft Actuators:Advancements in Angle-Independent Structural Colors and Beyond

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第8期16卷 18-34页

作者： Siavash Iravani Rajender S.Varma Independent researcher W Nazar STBoostan AveIsfahanIran centre of excellence for research in Sustainable Chemistry Department of ChemistryFederal University of São CarlosSão CarlosSP 13565‑905Brazil

Soft actuators have garnered substantial attention in current years in view of their potential appliances in diverse domains like robotics,biomedical devices,and biomimetic *** actuators mimic the natural movements of living organisms,aiming to attain enhanced flexibility,adaptability,and *** the other hand,angle-independent structural color has been achieved through innovative design strategies and engineering *** carefully controlling the size,shape,and arrangement of nanostructures,researchers have been able to create materials exhibiting consistent colors regardless of the viewing *** promising class of materials that holds great potential for bioinspired soft actuators is MXenes in view of their exceptional mechanical,electrical,and optical *** integration of MXenes for bioinspired soft actuators with angle-independent structural color offers exciting *** material compatibility issues,improving color reproducibility,scalability,durability,power supply efficiency,and cost-effectiveness will play vital roles in advancing these *** perspective appraises the development of bioinspired MXene-centered soft actuators with angleindependent structural color in soft robotics.

关键词： MXenes MXene-based composites Bioinspired soft robotics Angle-independent structural color

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Computational and dark-field ghost imaging with ultraviolet light

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Photonics research 2024年第2期12卷 226-234页

作者： JIAQI SONG BAOLEI LIU YAO WANG CHAOHAO CHEN XUCHEN SHAN XIAOLAN ZHONG LING-AN WU FAN WANG School of Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China Australian research Council centre of excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems Department of Electronic Materials EngineeringResearch School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2600Australia Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Ultraviolet(UV)imaging enables a diverse array of applications,such as material composition analysis,biological fluorescence imaging,and detecting defects in semiconductor ***,scientific-grade UV cameras with high quantum efficiency are expensive and include complex thermoelectric cooling ***,we demonstrate a UV computational ghost imaging(UV-CGI)method to provide a cost-effective UV imaging and detection *** applying spatial–temporal illumination patterns and using a 325 nm laser source,a singlepixel detector is enough to reconstruct the images of *** use UV-CGI to distinguish four UV-sensitive sunscreen areas with different densities on a ***,we demonstrate dark-field UV-CGI in both transmission and reflection *** only collecting the scattered light from objects,we can detect the edges of pure phase objects and small scratches on a compact *** results showcase a feasible low-cost solution for nondestructive UV imaging and *** combining it with other imaging techniques,such as hyperspectral imaging or time-resolved imaging,a compact and versatile UV computational imaging platform may be realized for future applications.

关键词： ghost illumination versatile

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Bio-analysis of Saliva Using Paper Devices and Colorimetric Assays

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2024年第1期8卷 114-132页

作者： Adhan Narasimhan Harshil Jain Kowshika Muniandy Raja Chinnappan Naresh Kumar Mani Microfluidics Sensors and Diagnostics(μSenD)LaboratoryCentre for MicrofluidicsBiomarkersPhotoceutics&Sensors(μBioPS)Department of BiotechnologyManipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka 576104India College of Medicine Alfaisal UniversityRiyadh 11533SaudiArabia Tissue/Organ Bioengineering&BioMEMS Lab Organ Transplant Centre of ExcellenceTransplant Research&Innovation DepartmentKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhSaudi Arabia

In light of the evolving nature of various diseases,time becomes a crucial factor in diagnosis and identifying the underlying causes.A point-of-care device provides a rapid diagnosis of a disease without using complex and advanced instruments,which are costly and difficult to transport.A paper-based device is a relatively frugal solution wherein the paper is used as a substratum in which the reactions are carried *** methods are non-invasive,and the sample collection is relatively *** is one such body fluid in which various biomarkers are present for numerous *** of saliva has attracted more attention recently due to its non-invasiveness and *** the discovery of clinical biomarkers from salivary analysis has the potential to revolutionize the healthcare sector by providing crucial information to monitor the health status of individuals and disease progression which enables personalized *** review provides the limitation of the traditional methods in clinical applications and highlights the significance of saliva as a non-invasive biological fluid that is a source of multiple biomarkers associated with various *** also provides insights into the different paper-based colorimetric microfluidic devices developed against salivary biomarkers in the past *** major challenges in the point-of-care application and the future prospects have been discussed as ***,we also emphasize the importance of this approach in dental disease diagnosis which is least explored and holds potential applications.

关键词： Paper-based assay Salivary analysis Non-invasive Point-of-care Body fluids Biomarkers Qualitative detection

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Fundamental error in tree-based machine learning model selection for reservoir characterisation

Energy Geoscience

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 214-224页

作者： Daniel Asante Otchere centre of excellence in Subsurface Seismic Imaging and Hydrocarbon Prediction Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS32610Seri IskandarPerak Darul RidzuanMalaysia

Over the past two decades,machine learning techniques have been extensively used in predicting reservoir *** this approach has significantly contributed to the industry,selecting an appropriate model is still challenging for most *** solely on statistical metrics to select the best model for a particular problem may not always be the most effective *** study encourages researchers to incorporate data visualization in their analysis and model selection *** evaluate the suitability of different models in predicting horizontal permeability in the Volve field,wireline logs were used to train Extra-Trees,Ridge,Bagging,and XGBoost *** Random Forest feature selection technique was applied to select the relevant logs as inputs for the *** on statistical metrics,the Extra-Trees model achieved the highest test accuracy of 0.996,RMSE of 19.54 mD,and MAE of 3.18 mD,with XGBoost coming in ***,when the results were visualised,it was discovered that the XGBoost model was more suitable for the problem being *** XGBoost model was a better predictor within the sandstone interval,while the Extra-Trees model was more appropriate in non-sandstone *** this study aims to predict permeability in the reservoir interval,the XGBoost model is the most *** contrasting results demonstrate the importance of incorporating data visualisation techniques as an evaluation *** the heterogeneity of the subsurface,relying solely on statistical metrics may not be sufficient to determine which model is best suited for a particular problem.

关键词： Data visualisation Permeability Machine learning Statistical metrics

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Bias distribution and regulation in photoelectrochemical overall water-splitting cells

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 141-150页

作者： Kun Dang Siqin Liu Lei Wu Daojian Tang Jing Xue Jiaming Wang Hongwei Ji Chuncheng Chen Yuchao Zhang Jincai Zhao Key Laboratory of Photochemistry CAS ResearchEducation Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The water oxidation half-reaction at anodes is always considered the rate-limiting step of overall water splitting（OWS）,but the actual bias distribution between photoanodes and cathodes of photoelectro chemical（PEC） OWS cells has not been investigated *** this work,we find that,for PEC cells consisting of photoanodes（nickel-modified n-Si [Ni/n-Si] and α-Fe2O3） with low photovoltage(Vph 1V,the bias required for cathode activation can be significantly reduced,exhibiting a kinetics-controlled *** investigations show that the bias distribution can be regulated by tuning the electrolyte pH and using alternative half-reaction ***,a volcano plot is presented for the rational design of the overall reactions and unbiased PEC *** by this,an unbiased PEC cell consisting of a simple Ni/n-Si photoanode and Pt cathode is assembled,delivering a photo current density of 5.3±0.2 mA cm-2.

关键词： photoelectrochemistry overall reaction cell bias distribution photoanode water splitting

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Mammal-bearing Pleistocene deposits, Vrani?,southwestern Pannonian Basin System

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 430-452页

作者： Adriano Banak Zsófia Ruszkiczay-Rüdiger Anita Grizelj Martina ?uras Kre?imir Petrinjak ASTER Team Alexander Wieser Monika Milo?evi? Davor Paveli? Department of Geology Croatian Geological Survey Institute for Geological and Geochemical research HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences (MTA Centre of Excellence) Department of Geology Croatian Geological Survey The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb CEREGE CNRS-IRD-Collège de France-INRAE UM34Aix-Marseille Université Faculty of Physics-Isotope Physics University of Vienna Faculty of Mining Geology and Petroleum EngineeringUniversity of Zagreb

Vrani? site is a sand quarry that is located on the southern foothills of Papuk Mountain. From bottom to top of the succession, three sedimentary units have been recognized as:Unit 1 containing massive sand with scattered gravel-sized clasts, marl cobbles and boulders, and abundant marine mammal and fish fossils; Unit 2 consisting of sand intercalated with silt, clay and gravel, which may be horizontally bedded; and Unit 3, which is an erosionally-based lenticular matrix to clast-supported structureless gravel. The basal part of Unit 1 shows numerous reworked skeletal remains of Miocene marine mammals. Cosmogenic radionuclides constrain the age of burial of Unit 1 to 895±211 ka, while the source area of Unit 1 had a quick *** massive sands deposited on the slopes of Papuk Mountain were vulnerable to erosion due to the absence of clay. Heavy rainfall or water from snow melting created flash floods that infiltrated the sands, thereby causing slope destabilization and deformation. This process led to slumps that were transformed into a sandy debris flow. This sediment was probably deposited during the interglacial marine isotope age (MIS) 21 period when the scarce vegetation and a warmer climate favored the melting of permafrost ice and consequently triggered slope movements during MIS 22. The reworked skeletal material sampled at the Vrani? site comprises fossilized fish along with mammal bones and teeth. Thus, the Vrani? site represents an important site for cetacean fossil remains and serves as an important data source for marine life in the Central Paratethys.

关键词： Miocene marine mammals Alluvial slope deposit Pleistocene Cosmogenic nuclides Pannonian Basin System

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Photocatalytic application of magnesium spinel ferrite in wastewater remediation:A review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 490-505页

作者： Rohit Jasrotia Nikhil Jaswal Jyoti Prakash Chan Choon Kit Jagpreet Singh Abhishek Kandwal School of Physics and Materials Science Shoolini UniversityBajholSolanH.P.India Himalayan centre of excellence in Nanotechnology Shoolini UniversityBajholH.P.India INTI International University Putra NilaiNegeri SembilanMalaysia Department of Chemistry University Centre for Research&Development Chandigarh UniversityMohali140413PunjabIndia Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChina

This review paper explores the efficacy of magnesium ferrite-based catalysts in photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminates(antibiotic and dyes).We report the influence of different doping strategies,synthesis methods,and composite materials on the degradation efficiency of these *** analysis reveals the versatile and promising nature of magnesium ferrite-based catalysts,offering the valuable insights into their practical application for restoring the *** to the smaller band gap and magnetic nature of magnesium ferrite,it holds the benefit of utilising the broader spectrum of light while also being *** in-depth analysis of magnesium ferrites'photocatalytic mechanism could lead to the development of cheap and reliable photocatalyst for the wastewater *** concise review offers a thorough summary of the key advancements in this field,highlighting the pivotal role of the magnesium ferrite based photocatalysts in addressing the pressing global issue of organic pollutants in wastewater.

关键词： Magnesium ferrite Wastewater Dyes Antibiotics Photocatalytic degradation

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