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Continued Increases of Gross Primary production in Urban Areas during 2000-2016

Journal of Remote Sensing 2022年第1期2022卷 98-111页

作者： Yaoping Cui Xiangming Xiao Jinwei Dong Yao Zhang Yuanwei Qin Russell BDoughty Xiaocui Wu Xiaoyan Liu Joanna Joiner Berrien Moore III Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions(Henan University) Ministry of EducationKaifeng 475001China School of Geography And Environmental Science Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004China department of Microbiology and Plant Biology Center for Earth Observation and ModelingUniversity of OklahomaNormanOKUSA Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Atmospheric and Geographic Sciences University of OklahomaOK 73019USA Agroecosystem Sustainability Center Institute for SustainabilityEnergyAnd EnvironmentUniversity of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD 20771USA

Urbanization affects vegetation within city administrative boundary and nearby rural *** primary production(GPP)of vegetation in global urban areas is one of important metrics for assessing the impacts of urbanization on terrestrial *** date,very limited data and information on the spatial-temporal dynamics of GPP in the global urban areas are *** this study,we reported the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of annual GPP during 2000–2016 from 8,182 gridcells(0.5°by 0.5°latitude and longitude)that have various proportion of urban *** 79.3%of these urban gridcells had increasing trends of annual GPP during *** urban area proportion(%)within individual urban gridcells increased,the means of annual GPP trends also *** results suggested that for those urban gridcells,the negative effect of urban expansion(often measured by impervious surfaces)on GPP was to large degree compensated by increased vegetation within the gridcells,mostly driven by urban management and local climate and *** findings on the continued increases of annual GPP in most of urban gridcells shed new insight on the importance of urban areas on terrestrial carbon cycle and the potential of urban management and local climate and environment on improving vegetation in urban areas.

关键词： Urbanization urban continued

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长期不同施氮量、绿肥还田及耕作方式对棉花产质量的影响

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云南农业大学学报（自然科学版） 2021年第1期36卷 173-178页

作者：周桂夙周迪李永梅 YIN Xinhua 云南农业大学烟草学院云南昆明650201 云南农业大学资源与环境学院云南昆明650201 University of Tennessee Department of Plant SciencesJacksonTN 38301USA

【目的】研究长期不同施氮量、绿肥还田及耕作方式对棉花生长、产量和品质的影响,以期为棉株生长的最佳土壤和养分管理提供技术支撑。【方法】2013年在美国田纳西大学西部试验站的长期定位试验点(1981至今)进行三因素裂区试验,即:主区... 详细信息

【目的】研究长期不同施氮量、绿肥还田及耕作方式对棉花生长、产量和品质的影响,以期为棉株生长的最佳土壤和养分管理提供技术支撑。【方法】2013年在美国田纳西大学西部试验站的长期定位试验点(1981至今)进行三因素裂区试验,即:主区为施氮量,共设4个不同施氮量处理(0、34、67和101 kg/hm2);覆盖作为裂区,设不覆盖和覆盖豆科绿肥(毛苕子)处理;耕作方式为再裂区,设免耕和传统耕作处理。测定不同处理下棉株不同生育期生物量及皮棉产量和纤维品质。【结果】在不覆盖毛苕子情况下,棉花早期生长时的生物量和皮棉产量随施氮量的增加而增加;施氮量高于67 kg/hm2处理下,棉花的皮棉产量和品质并未表现出较好的结果。在覆盖毛苕子后,与传统耕作相比,免耕可显著增加棉花皮棉产量,棉花纤维长度则显著减小。【结论】在不覆盖毛苕子的情况下,适氮(67 kg/hm2)对促进棉花早期生长、增加棉花产量和减少生产投入有十分显著的作用。长期免耕并配合绿肥覆盖这一措施可以在棉花生产上进行推广运用以提高产量。

关键词：耕作方式毛苕子绿肥还田施氮量棉花产量纤维品质

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The Rural Women Participation in Small Scale Livestock management Decisions

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2020年第6期9卷 255-265页

作者： Serap Göncü Cahide Dede Özgül Anitaş Sibel Bozkurt Mustafa GüçlüSucak department of Animal Science Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of CukurovaAdana 01330Turkey Diyarbakır Bağlar District Directorate Ministry of Agriculture and ForestryDiyarbakır 21000Turkey Vocational School of Kahta Adiyaman UniversityAdıyaman 0200Turkey

In the Turkish society, family is accepted as the basic element of social structure. However, the role and importance ofwomen in the family is mostly neglected. Thirty-three percent of women state that their primary duties are child care and domestictask. Besides duties of women in the house, the participation of women to both agricultural production and activities outside thehouse is quite high. On the other hand, only 5% of women accept income generating activities as the main duty of women. Thepercentage of women who accept all above-mentioned responsibilities as women’s duty is 60%. This high ratio shows that agreat deal of women can participate indoor or outdoor activities depending on the family needs, however, their responsibilitiesstemming from being a mother or wife always have thepriority. However, in rural areas women are involved in agriculturalproduction activities as a labor, in adition to housework, care for children and the elderly. In small and medium-sized enterprises,labor-intensive work is mostly undertaken by women, and workloads are often higher than men. In this study, face-to-face surveyswith 84 women in small-scale livestock farming in villages in the central province of Diyarbakır yielded results. It has beenunderstood that women do not make decisions on domestic affairs in their own family, that they can not decide on their own behalf,they give more opinions on decisions taken, and even some families do not even report opinions on decisions. It may be possible toimprove and increase the living standards and social and economic structures of women living in rural areas by increasing theirknowledge of animal care.

关键词： Animal production livestock activities women’s influence

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Effect of Irrigation System on Groundwater Resources in Harran Plain(Southeastern Turkey)

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2019年第2期9卷 45-51页

作者： Nedret OZEL Saziye BOZDAG Alper BABA Ministry of Industry and Technology Southeastern Anatolia Project(GAP)Regional Development Administration Sanlιurfa 63330Turkey department of Geological Engineering Cukurova UniversityAdana 01330Turkey Dept.of Civil Eng. Izmir Inst.of Tech.Izmir 35430Turkey

Irrigated agriculture is the largest consumer of groundwater *** interaction between agricultural irrigation and groundwater resources,both in quantity and quality,is often understood later than when the adverse effects *** more efficient and sustainable utilization of the limited water resources,improved understanding of how respond to irrigation is *** Southeastern Anatolia Project(Turkish:GAP)is a major and comprehensive initiative in *** GAP was a programme to develop water and land resources in the region and planned as a package that comprised 13 individual projects on irrigation and energy production on the Euphrates-Tigris *** project includes irrigation networks for an area of approximately 1.8 million *** of the important project sites is Harran Plain having the biggest groundwater resources and the largest irrigation field in the GAP *** Plain has 3,700 km^2 drainage area,1,500 km^2 plain area and 476,000 hectares of irrigation *** this project,the irrigations could potentially lead to about 2 m/year decline in groundwater *** this project application,hydrodynamic system of groundwater has *** groundwater level has risen since 1995 in *** addition hydrodynamic system has been effected groundwater *** show that a proper irrigation rotation system can implement an efficient water management over the irrigated areas and lead smaller groundwater change and its quality.

关键词： Irrigation system groundwater GAP water management

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The Land- Potential Knowledge System (LandPKS): mobile apps and collaboration for optimizing climate change investments

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2016年第3期2卷 31-38页

作者： Jeffrey E.Herrick Adam Beh Edmundo Barrios Ioana Bouvier Marina Coetzee David Dent Emile Elias Tomislav Hengl Jason W.Karl Hanspeter Liniger John Matuszak Jason CNeff Lilian Wangui Ndungu Michael Obersteiner Keith D.Shepherd Kevin C.Urama Rik van den Bosch Nicholas P.Webb U.S.department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service New Mexico State UniversityJornada Experimental Range MSC 3JERBox 30003Las CrucesNew Mexico 88003-8003 USA World Agroforestry Centre United Nations AvenueGigiriP.O.Box 30677Nairobi00100Kenya U.S.Agency for International Development 3014th StreetSW SA-44(Rm 848)WashingtonD.C.20024 USA Namibia University of Science and Technology 13 Storch StreetPrivate Bag 13388WindhoekNamibia Merchants of Light Ltd Forncett EndNorfolkEngland ISRIC-World Soil information Droevendaalsesteeg 36708PB WageningenThe Netherlands Center for the development and Environment University of BernHallerstrasse 103012BernSwitzerland U.S.department of State/OES 2201 C St.NWWashingtonD.C.20520USA Environmental Studies Program University of Colorado at BoulderCampus Box 397BoulderColorado 80309 USA RCMRD SERVIR-Eastern&Southern AfricaP.O.Box 63200618 RuarakaNairobiKenya International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Schlossplatz 1 A-2361LaxenburgAustria African Development Bank Avenue Jean-Paul II01 BP 1387Abidjan 01Côte d’Ivoire

Massive investments in climate change mitigation and adaptation are projected during coming *** of these investments will seek to modify how land is *** return on both types of investments can be increased through an understanding of land potential:the potential of the land to support primary production and ecosystem services,and its resilience.A Land-Potential Knowledge System(LandPKS)is being developed and implemented to provide individual users with point-based estimates of land potential based on the integration of simple,geo-tagged user inputs with cloud-based information and *** system will rely on mobile phones for knowledge and information exchange,and use cloud computing to integrate,interpret,and access relevant knowledge and information,including local knowledge about land with similar *** system will initially provide management options based on long-term land potential,which depends on climate,to-pography,and relatively static soil properties,such as soil texture,depth,and *** mod-ules will provide more specific management information based on the status of relatively dynamic soil properties such as organic matter and nutrient content,and of *** paper includes a discus-sion of how this system can be used to help distinguish between meteorological and edaphic drought.

关键词： agriculture analytics crowdsourcing expert systems extension knowledge management land evaluation land-use planning mobile apps sustainability sustainable land management

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害虫遗传防治的研究历史与现状

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生物安全学报 2015年第2期24卷 81-93,74页

作者：严盈万方浩中国农业科学院植物保护研究所植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室北京100193 department of Entomology North Carolina State University Genetic Engineering and Society Center and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology North Carolina State University 农业部外来入侵生物预防与控制研究中心北京100193

作为防治或根除重大害虫最为有效的手段之一,害虫遗传防治在世界范围内被广泛采用并取得了巨大成功。本文综述了不育昆虫技术、雌性致死系统和昆虫显性致死技术等经典害虫遗传防治策略的发展历史、技术特点和应用情况。近年来,许多新的... 详细信息

作为防治或根除重大害虫最为有效的手段之一,害虫遗传防治在世界范围内被广泛采用并取得了巨大成功。本文综述了不育昆虫技术、雌性致死系统和昆虫显性致死技术等经典害虫遗传防治策略的发展历史、技术特点和应用情况。近年来,许多新的分子生物手段被不断提出并整合到害虫遗传防治策略中,包括归巢核酸内切酶基因、锌指核酸酶、转录激活因子样效应因子核酸酶、CRISPR/Cas9系统、Medea元件、Killer-Rescue系统、Wolbachia-细胞质不亲和性系统等。基于这些新的工具手段,许多国家已经在不同程度上启动了下一代害虫遗传防治项目。而我国在该领域的研究相对薄弱,需要在借鉴国外成功经验的同时,进一步加强害虫遗传防治的基础和应用研究,从而实现本地有害生物的可持续治理和外来入侵生物的有效狙击,确保我国未来的粮食和生态安全。

关键词：不育昆虫技术大规模饲养染色体移位遗传定性品系转座子

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基于能值分析的蜜柚园生草模式生态经济效益评价

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中国生态农业学报（中英文） 2019年第12期27卷 1916-1924页

作者：罗旭辉卢新坤刘岑薇张丽君陈恩 Gordon WPrice 翁伯琦福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所福州350013 福建省农业科学院果树研究所福州350003 department of Engineering Faculty of AgricultureDalhousie UniversityCanada B2N 5E3 福建省山地草业工程技术研究中心福州350013

蜜柚是福建省平和县优势特色产业,目前面临发展困境。生草栽培是推动蜜柚绿色发展的重要途径,为科学评价蜜柚园生草模式的生态经济效益,本文应用能值分析法测评平和县五寨镇前岭村蜜柚园生草模式和蜜柚园清耕模式的能值自给率、能值投... 详细信息

蜜柚是福建省平和县优势特色产业,目前面临发展困境。生草栽培是推动蜜柚绿色发展的重要途径,为科学评价蜜柚园生草模式的生态经济效益,本文应用能值分析法测评平和县五寨镇前岭村蜜柚园生草模式和蜜柚园清耕模式的能值自给率、能值投资率、净能值产出率、环境负载率、有效能产出率和能值反馈率。结果表明:2017-2018年蜜柚园生草模式、蜜柚园清耕模式的能值自给率均为0.003,能值投资率分别为339.291、295.763,净能值产出率均为1.003,环境负载率分别为0.348、0.321,有效能产出率为4.57E-7 J·sej^-1、2.90E-7J·sej^-1,能值反馈率为0.002、0.000。与清耕模式相比,生草模式能值总投入下降9.21%,不可更新环境资源下降76.71%,购买能值比重大,显示更高的能值投资率;同时商品果能值提高1.00E+17 sej·hm^-2,能量产出提高4.60E+10 J·hm^-2,表现出更强的经济活力。劳动力能值投入占能值总投入70.45%~72.90%,其中采摘、日常管理、水肥施用比重大。生草模式在除草环节增加劳动力投入1.31E+16 sej×hm-2,但通过减少农药施用、水肥施用和有机肥搬运节约劳动力,同时优化日常管理,生草模式总劳动力投入降低了3.30E+16sej×hm^-2,基于能值的劳动生产率提高17.50%。生草模式使有机肥、劳动力等可更新资源购买量减少,环境负载率增加0.027。蜜柚园生草模式实现了柚树增产、柚农增收、蜜柚园增绿,为蜜柚产业供给侧结构性改革提供赋能路径。

关键词：农业生态系统蜜柚生草栽培能值分析生态经济效率

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Common and conflicting objectives and practices of herders and conservation managers:the need for a conservation herder

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2016年第4期2卷 1-17页

作者： Zsolt Molnar Jozsef Kis Csaba Vadasz Laszlo Papp Istvan Sandor Sandor Beres Gabor Sinka Anna Varga MTA Centre for Ecological Research 2163VacratotAlkotmany u.2-4.Hungary Freelance cattle herder 4060BalmazujvarosKiskallo koz 3.Hungary Kiskunsag National Park 6001KecskemetLiszt F.u.19.Hungary Freelance cattle herder 6794UllesRuzsai u.l 4.Hungaryl Zoo Budapest 1146Budapestallatkerti krt.6-12.Hungaryl ELTE Institute of Ethnography and FolkloreDepartment of Material Ethnography1088BudapestMuzeum krt.6-8.Hungary Balaton Uplands National Park 8229CsopakKossuth u.16.Hungary

The mutual dependence of extensive land-use and conservation management has become appar-ent in Europe in the last 20-30 *** land-use often survives in protected areas only,in the form of conservation *** of extensive herding and that of conservation management are parts of two knowledge systems(traditional and scientific)which often leads to conflicts between locals and *** studied two herding/conservation systems(salt steppes and wood-pastures),and devel-oped an inventory on the common/similar and conflicting/different objectives and pasture management practices of herders and *** were collected by participatory knowledge co-production in teamwork of the co-authors(herders,conservation managers,and scientists).Data were analyzed and discussed in teamwork *** and conservationists identified 23 objectives and 29 management *** found a number of common interests with respect to herding,the ideal state of pastures,legal provisions,and *** resolution recommendations(e.g.,on time and place of grazing,pasture improvements)were also *** argue that by co-production of knowledge,and establish-ment of a herder“school”the mitigation of the existing conflicts would be more *** conclusion is that a new profession is needed:that of the conservation *** conservation herder shall be an indi-vidual knowledgeable about herding and pasture management,trained in conservation and ecology,able to design management experiments,and develop novel but tradition-based management *** such,he/she could facilitate adaptation of extensive herding in the changing socio-economic environment.

关键词： agri-environment schemes extensive grazing and herding extensive land-use Hungary pasture man-agement salt steppe Special Feature:Ecosystem management in Transition in Central and Eastern Europe traditional ecological knowledge wood-pasture

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SGM模型牦牛子模型生长发育模块校验及应用

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草业科学 2023年第12期40卷 3163-3176页

作者：刘海波 BEHRENDT Karl 吴建平杜文华 KEMP David BADGERY Warwick 宫旭胤刘立山金茜甘肃省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所甘肃兰州730070 Harper Adams University Shropshire Newport TF108NB Gulbali Institute Charles Sturt UniversityNSW Orange 28000 甘肃省农业科学院甘肃兰州730070 西北师范大学新农村发展研究院甘肃兰州730070 甘肃农业大学草业学院甘肃兰州730070 NSW department of Primary Industries Orange Agricultural Research Institute NSW Orange 2800 甘肃省农业科学院畜草与绿色农业研究所甘肃兰州730070

基于前期构建的Sustainable Grassland Model(SGM)模型框架,选用并改进GRAZPLAN动物模型和不完全小区模拟方法,在MATLAB平台对SGM模型进行二次开发,建立牦牛子模型生长发育模块,以期为青藏高原可持续放牧生产体系的构建提供研究工具及... 详细信息

基于前期构建的Sustainable Grassland Model(SGM)模型框架,选用并改进GRAZPLAN动物模型和不完全小区模拟方法,在MATLAB平台对SGM模型进行二次开发,建立牦牛子模型生长发育模块,以期为青藏高原可持续放牧生产体系的构建提供研究工具及决策支持。采用局部敏感度分析法,筛选并计算敏感度系数确定牦牛子模型生长发育模块下放牧采食量和体重变化模拟中的敏感参数,以已发表的研究数据为基础,利用最小二乘法建立敏感参数校准模型并完成模块校准,校准后运行模型,得到的增重模拟结果与前人发表的研究数据比对后进行统计分析,完成模型检验。检验后的模型以甘肃省玛曲县高寒草甸典型牦牛牧户(草地中度退化)为研究对象进行模型示范。结果表明:经参数校验后的SGM牦牛子模型在模拟牦牛放牧采食量和增重方面切实可行。示范结果证明SGM模型能够合理地模拟粗放型生产管理下放牧压力的降低对高寒草甸牦牛放牧生产体系草地地上生物量、植物群落功能组成、家畜放牧采食量和体重变化的长期影响,说明SGM模型在青藏高原高寒草甸模拟放牧压力对放牧生产体系的长期影响具有可行性。该模型采用不同的参数,基于同一套数学公式实现对放牧牛羊生长发育的模拟,在未来牛羊放牧系统模型开发中具有良好的应用前景,但需要针对模拟对象的实际实施校准,且对牦牛产奶量和放牧采食量的模拟仍需进一步开发和改进。

关键词：农业模型放牧生产体系模拟青藏高原牦牛干物质采食量增重

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Effective Control of Aflatoxin Contamination in Staple Maize Food Crop in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Current Pre- and Postharvest Low-Cost Technologies and Perspectives

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2019年第3期9卷 135-151页

作者： Benoit Gbemenou Joselin Gnonlonfin Alain Sy Traore Seydou Samake department of Industry and Private Sector Promotion & Directorate of Agriculture and Rural Development ECOWAS Commission 101 Yakubu Gowon Crescent-Aoskoro PMB 401 Abuja FCT Nigeria Directorate of Agriculture and Rural Development ECOWAS Commission 101 Yakubu Gowon Crescent-Aoskoro PMB 401 Abuja FCT Nigeria Embassy of the United States of America in Accra 24 Fourth Circular Rd Accra Ghana

Mycotoxins/aflatoxins contaminations in some food commodities seriously impact human and animal health and reduce the commercial value of crops. Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi that colonize agricultural commodities. Pre- and postharvest contamination of aflatoxin is a major health concern in Africa where maize production and consumption have increased significantly over the years. Efforts to reduce aflatoxin in maize through various strategies such as breeding for resistance, improved agronomic practices, cultural harvesting and postharvest handling practices, and the use of bio-control agents are available. Some of these control practices are not well known by smallholder farmers. Important pre- and postharvest practices, in addition to the stringent food safety regulations and monitoring, are not undertaken as a result of various factors such as a lack of awareness and training, and the high cost of awareness and sensitization drives. The climate changes scenarios including El Nino are also factors to be considered. However, continued use of sustainable and effective low-cost management practices by small scale farmers are possible ways of reducing the risk of aflatoxin contamination. This review attempts to highlight low-cost, affordable and practical management options at pre- and postharvest in maize. Sound low-cost management practices are possible ways of reducing the risk for fungal infection and aflatoxin contamination that are relevant to the Africa context. This review would be useful and guided prioritization of development activities, continuous awareness creation and training and future research.

关键词： Aflatoxins Aspergillus flavus climate change low-cost technology awareness training

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