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Multimodal Fusion of Brain Imaging Data: Methods and Applications

Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第1期21卷 136-152页

作者： Na Luo Weiyang Shi Zhengyi Yang Ming Song Tianzi Jiang Brainnetome center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China center for excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Research center for Augmented Intelligence Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311100China

neuroimaging data typically include multiple modalities,such as structural or functional magnetic resonance imaging,dif-fusion tensor imaging,and positron emission tomography,which provide multiple views for observing and analyzing the brain.To lever-age the complementary representations of different modalities,multimodal fusion is consequently needed to dig out both inter-modality and intra-modality information.With the exploited rich information,it is becoming popular to combine multiple modality data to ex-plore the structural and functional characteristics of the brain in both health and disease status.In this paper,we first review a wide spectrum of advanced machine learning methodologies for fusing multimodal brain imaging data,broadly categorized into unsupervised and supervised learning strategies.Followed by this,some representative applications are discussed,including how they help to under-stand the brain arealization,how they improve the prediction of behavioral phenotypes and brain aging,and how they accelerate the biomarker exploration of brain diseases.Finally,we discuss some exciting emerging trends and important future directions.Collectively,we intend to offer a comprehensive overview of brain imaging fusion methods and their successful applications,along with the chal-lenges imposed by multi-scale and big data,which arises an urgent demand on developing new models and platforms.

关键词： Multimodal fusion supervised learning unsupervised learning brain atlas cognition brain disorders

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Detailed phenotype of RNF213 p.R4810K variant identified by the Chinese patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第6期8卷 503-510页

作者： Hongyu Zhou Jing Jing Yuehua Pu Wei Li Xia Meng Anxin Wang Yingting Zuo Zhe Xu Qin Xu Yue Suo Hao Li Yongjun Wang Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina China National Clinical Research center for Neurological Diseases BeijingChina tiantan neuroimaging center of excellence Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Monogenic Disease Diagnosis center for Neurological Disorders and Precision Medicine Research center for Neurological Disorders Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Advanced Innovation center for Human Brain Protection Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina center of excellence for Omics Research(CORe) Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina

Background and purpose The ring finger protein 213 gene(RNF213)p.R4810K variant increased the risk of acute ischaemic stroke(AIS)attributable to intracranial arterial stenosis(ICAS)in the Japanese and Korean populations.In this study,we aimed to examine the prevalence of the RNF213 p.R4810K variant in Chinese patients with AIS or transient ischaemic attack and identify the phenotype of the carriers.Methods We analysed data from the Third China National Stroke Registry.All included participants were divided into two groups by carrier status of the p.R4810K variant.The aetiological classification was conducted according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment(TOAST)criteria.The presence of ICAS and extracranial arterial stenosis(ECAS)was defined as 50%-99%stenosis or occlusion of any intracranial and extracranial artery.Logistic regression models and Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association of the p.R4810K variant with TOAST classification,stenosis phenotypes and clinical outcomes.Results A total of 10381 patients were enrolled,among which 56(0.5%)had the heterozygote GA genotype for p.R4810K.The variant carriers were younger(p=0.01),and more likely to suffer from peripheral vascular disease(p=0.04).The p.R4810K variant was associated with large-artery atherosclerosis(LAA)(adjusted OR=1.94,95%CI 1.13 to 3.33),anterior circulation stenosis(adjusted OR=2.12,95%CI 1.23 to 3.65)and ECAS(adjusted OR=2.29,95%CI 1.16 to 4.51).Nevertheless,the p.R4810K variant was not associated with recurrence,poor functional outcome and mortality at 3 months and 1 year.Conclusions The RNF213 p.R4810K variant was associated with LAA,anterior circulation stenosis and ECAS in Chinese patients.Given the low carrying rate and only 1-year follow-up information,caution should be taken to interpret our findings in no statistically significant association between the p.R4810K variant and stroke prognosis in Chinese patients.

关键词： patients transient younger

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Individualized brain mapping for navigated neuromodulation

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第5期137卷 508-523页

作者： Chaohong Gao Xia Wu Xinle Cheng Kristoffer Hougaard Madsen Congying Chu Zhengyi Yang Lingzhong Fan Sino–Danish College University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Brainnetome center National Laboratory of Pattern RecognitionInstitute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby 2800Denmark Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and ResearchCopenhagen University Hospital Amager and HvidovreHvidovre 2650Denmark CAS center for excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Health and Life Sciences University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong 266000China

The brain is a complex organ that requires precise mapping to understand its structure and function.Brain atlases provide a powerful tool for studying brain circuits,discovering biological markers for early diagnosis,and developing personalized treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders.Neuromodulation techniques,such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation,have revolutionized clinical therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders.However,the lack of fine-scale brain atlases limits the precision and effectiveness of these techniques.Advances in neuroimaging and machine learning techniques have led to the emergence of stereotactic-assisted neurosurgery and navigation systems.Still,the individual variability among patients and the diversity of brain diseases make it necessary to develop personalized solutions.The article provides an overview of recent advances in individualized brain mapping and navigated neuromodulation and discusses the methodological profiles,advantages,disadvantages,and future trends of these techniques.The article concludes by posing open questions about the future development of individualized brain mapping and navigated neuromodulation.

关键词： Brain atlas Individualization Navigated neuromodulation Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging Transcranial magnetic stimulation Deep brain stimulation

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Low serum albumin levels predict poor outcome in patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第3期6卷 458-466页

作者： Hongyu Zhou Anxin Wang Xia Meng Jinxi Lin Yong Jiang Jing Jing Yingting Zuo Yilong Wang Xingquan Zhao Hao Li Yongjun Wang Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina China National Clinical Research center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina tiantan neuroimaging center of excellence Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Advanced Innovation center for Human Brain Protection Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Background To examine the relationship of serum albumin with poor functional outcome and mortality in patients with acute ischaemic stroke(AIS)or transient ischaemic attack(TIA),and perform a meta-analysis to summarise the association.Methods We analysed data from the Third China National Stroke Registry(CNSR-Ⅲ).Patients were divided into four groups based on serum albumin levels at admission.The outcomes included poor functional outcome(modified Rankin Scale(mRS)score of 3 to 6)and mortality at 3 months and 1 year.Multiple logistic regression models and Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association,respectively.We used a fixed-effect model to calculate the risk ratio for poor functional outcome and a random-effect model for mortality in the meta-analysis.Results A total of 13618 patients were enrolled.During the 3-month follow-up period,compared with 40 to 44.9 g/L group,patients in<35 g/L group had an increased risk of poor functional outcome and mortality(adjusted OR 1.37(95%CI 1.12 to 1.67);adjusted HR 2.13(95%CI 1.41 to 3.23)).The relationship in per 10 g/L decreased serum albumin with prognosis was consistently inversed(adjusted OR 1.17(95%CI 1.01 to 1.35);adjusted HR 1.86(95%CI 1.30 to 2.64)).Also,low serum albumin levels were independently correlated with clinical outcomes at 1 year.In the meta-analysis,the OR for poor functional outcome pooled 3 studies per 1 g/L decrease was 1.03(95%CI 1.02 to 1.05),and the HR for mortality pooled 5 studies was 1.07(95%CI 1.03 to 1.11).Conclusions Low serum albumin levels predict poor functional outcome and mortality in patients with AIS or TIA.

关键词： patients mortality acute

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Guiding extension catheter facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention for a dextrocardia patient with acute left anterior descending artery occlusion:a case report

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2020年第12期17卷 790-792页

作者： Jing NAN Shuai MENG Ya-Li TIAN Tong ZHANG Rui WANG Shao-Bin WEI Ze-Ning JIN Department of Cardiology and Macrovascular Disease Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina tiantan neuroimaging center of excellence Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Cardiology Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Dextrocardia refers to a right-sided location of the heart within the thoracic cavity which is the primary manifestation of the abnormal lateralisation of the embryonic leftright axis.[1]As a rare cardiac malformation,the prevalence rate of dextrocardia is between 1/6000 to 1/35000 live births.[2]It is reported that the incidence rate of coronary artery disease for dextrocardia patients is similar for patients without dextrocardia.However,the detailed information including electrocardiogram(ECG)manifestation and percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)technique for dextrocardia patients is still limited.[3,4]Herein,we report a dextrocardia patient who was diagnosed by modified ECG and treated by trans-radial PCI facilitated with guiding extension catheter(GEC).

关键词： Dextrocardia Guiding extension catheter Percutaneous coronary intervention

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LDL-C levels,lipid-lowering treatment and recurrent stroke in minor ischaemic stroke or TIA

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第4期7卷 276-284页

作者： Yuesong Pan Runqi Wangqin Hao Li Aoming Jin Jiejie Li Jinxi Lin Xia Meng Ying Xian Daniel T Laskowitz Yongjun Wang Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina China National Clinical Research center for Neurological Diseases BeijingChina Department of Neurology Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA Department of Neurology UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA Duke Clinical Research Institute DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Advanced Innovation center for Human Brain Protection Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina center for excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina

Background and purpose Dyslipidaemia is a major risk factor for ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack(TIA).This study aimed to investigate the association between baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)level,lipid-lowering treatment and short-term risk of new stroke in patients with a minor ischaemic stroke or TIA.Methods We derived data from the Clopidogrel in High-risk patients with Acute Non-disabling Cerebrovascular Events trial.Patients with a minor stroke or TIA were categorised by LDL-C level at baseline(<2.6 or≥2.6 mmol/L(100 mg/dL))and with or without lipid-lowering treatment after symptom onset.The primary outcome was a new ischaemic stroke at 3 months.The association of baseline LDL-C level,lowering treatment and outcomes were assessed.Results Among 3027 patients,2154(71.2%)patients had an initial LDL-C≥2.6 mmol/L,of which 1267(41.9%)received lipid-lowering treatment.Elevated LDL-C level was associated with a higher risk of new ischaemic stroke at 3 months in patients without lipid-lowering treatment(adj.HR=1.35,95%CI:1.19 to 1.53),but not in those with lipid-lowering treatment(adj.HR=0.99,95%CI:0.82 to 1.19)(p for interaction=0.007).Patients with LDL-C≥2.6 mmol/L had a numerically higher risk of ischaemic stroke(11.8%vs 8.0%,adj.HR=1.37,95%CI:0.96 to 1.96)in those without lipid-lowering treatment.For patients with LDL-C≥2.6 mmol/L,lipid-lowering treatment was associated with reduced risk of ischaemic stroke at 3 months(7.9%vs 11.8%;adj.HR=0.54,95%CI:0.39 to 0.75).Conclusions Elevated untreated baseline LDL-C level was associated with an increased short-term risk of ischaemic stroke among patients presenting with minor ischaemic stroke or TIA.There was potential benefit of lipid-lowering treatment in minor stroke or TIA patients with LDL-C≥2.6 mmol/L.Trial registration number NCT00979589.

关键词： ischaemic treatment Acute

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Childhood strokes in China describing clinical characteristics, risk factors and performance indicators: a case-series study

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第2期7卷 140-148页

作者： Yaxian Deng Gaifen Liu Guitao Zhang Juanyu Xu Chunmei Yao Lei Wang Chengsong Zhao Yongjun Wang Department of Pediatrics Beijing Tiantan Hosppital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina China National Clinical Research center for Neurological Disease BeijingChina Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hosppital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Outpatient Department Beijing Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Aim To investigate clinical characteristics,risk factors(RFs),neurologic deficits and medical care provided in children who had a stroke in China.Methods We conducted a retrospective case-series study using the medical records of children aged 1 month to 18 years with arterial ischaemic stroke(AIS)or haemorrhagic stroke(HS)(with the entry codes I60,I61,I62,I63(ICD-10)),who were admitted to different hospitals in Beijing,between January 2018 and December 2018.We obtained the following information from the charts:demographic characteristics,clinical presentations,RFs for paediatric stroke,laboratory examination,neuroimaging records and neurologic sequelae.Results We identified 312 first admissions for stroke(172 AIS and 140 HS).The mean age at onset was 8.6±3.9 years for patients who had an AIS and 8(5–13)years for patients who had an HS.There were more males than females in both groups(AIS:59.88%vs 40.12%;HS:52.14%vs 47.86%).A known aetiology was identified in 92.44%and 86.43%of patients who had an AIS and HS,respectively.The leading cause of AIS was cerebrovascular diseases including moyamoya(68.6%),while that for HS was arteriovenous malformation(51.43%).The most common initial clinical presentation was hemiplegia(86.05%)in patients who had an AIS and headache(67.86%)in patients who had an HS.The use of healthcare,including acute treatment(antithrombotic in 17.44%,anticoagulant in 5.23%)and secondary prevention(antithrombotic in 6.39%,anticoagulant in 1.16%),varied and was significantly lower among patients who had an AIS.The most common complications were epilepsy(22.09%)and pneumonia(4.65%)in patients who had an AIS and epilepsy(17.14%)and hydrocephalus(12.14%)in patients who had an HS.Neurological deficits occurred in 62.8%of patients who had an AIS and 72.86%of patients who had an HS.Conclusion Cerebral arteriopathy was a major RF for both AIS and HS in children living in China.Large epidemiological studies are required to identify RFs to prevent stroke as well as appropriate interventions.

关键词： epilepsy clinical admitted

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Differences in atheroma between Caucasian and Asian subjects with anterior stroke:A vessel wall MRI study

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第1期6卷 25-32页

作者： Hiroko Watase Mi Shen Binbin Sui Peiyi Gao Dong Zhang Jie Sun Niranjan Balu Daniel S Hippe Gail P Jarvik Xihai Zhao Rui Li Shuo Chen Chun Yuan Thomas S Hatsukami Department of Surgery University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA Department of Radiology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina tiantan neuroimaging center for excellence Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Neurosurgical Institute BeijingChina Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Radiology University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA Department Medicine(Medical Genetics)and Genome Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA center for Biomedical Imaging Research Department of Biomedical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

Background and purpose While extracranial carotid artery stenosis is more common among Caucasians and intracranial artery stenosis is more common among Asians,the differences in atherosclerotic plaque characteristics have not yet been extensively examined.We sought to investigate plaque location and characteristics within extracranial carotid and intracranial arteries in symptomatic Caucasians and Chinese using vessel wall MRI.Methods Subjects with recent anterior circulation ischaemic stroke were recruited and imaged at two sites in the USA and China using similar protocols.Both extracranial carotid and intracranial arteries were reviewed to determine plaque location and characteristics.Results The prevalence of extracranial carotid plaque in Caucasians and Chinese was 73.1%and 49.1%,respectively(p=0.055).Prevalence of intracranial plaque was 38.5%and 69.1%in Caucasians and Chinese,respectively(p=0.02).Furthermore,42% of Caucasians and 16%of Chinese had high-risk plaque(HRP)features(intraplaque haemorrhage,luminal surface disruption)in the extracranial carotid artery(p=0.03).The prevalence of HRP features in intracranial arteries was not significantly different between the two cohorts(4%vs 11%;p=0.42).Conclusions Differences in the location and characteristics of cerebrovascular atherosclerosis were identified by vessel wall MRI in US Caucasian and Chinese subjects with recent anterior circulation ischaemic stroke.Extracranial carotid plaques with HRP features were more common in Caucasians.Intracranial plaques were more common in Chinese subjects,but no significant difference between the two cohorts in intracranial HRP prevalence was found.Larger studies using vessel wall imaging to investigate racial differences in cerebrovascular disease may inform underlying mechanisms of HRP development and may ultimately help guide appropriate therapy.

关键词： prevalence intracranial arteries

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Somatic mutation contributing to clonal haematopoiesis is a risk factor of recurrent stroke in first-ever acute ischaemic stroke:a prospective cohort study

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第2期8卷 103-110页

作者： Xin Qiu Yalun Dai Si Cheng Hong-Qiu Gu Yong Jiang Xia Meng Yilong Wang Xingquan Zhao Yingyu Jiang Zhe Xu Xinying Huang Meng Wang Tian Jie Lyu Yubo Wang Jiaxu Weng Lingyun Cui Yi Shangguan Hao Li Yongjun Wang Zixiao Li Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina China National Clinical Research center for Neurological Diseases BeijingChina Advanced Innovation center for Human Brain Protection Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina center for excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Shanghai Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina Chinese Institute for Brain Research BeijingChina

Background Somatic mutation contributes to clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential(CHIP)is related to age and associated with a higher risk of stroke and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Here,we investigated the prognostic significance of CHIP in a large first-ever acute ischaemic stroke(AIS)cohort and explored the underlying mechanisms.Methods We studied a prospective cohort of 6016 patients who had a first-ever AIS in China.Whole-genome sequencing was performed to identify CHIP.High-sensitivity C reactive protein(hs-CRP)levels above 3 mg/L at baseline were defined as hyperinflammation.Recurrent stroke during the 3-month follow-up was the primary outcome.Results Among the 6016 patients who had a first-ever AIS,with a median age was 62 years(IQR,54.0‒70.0),3.70%were identified as CHIP carriers.The most common mutations occurred in the DNMT3A(30.0%)and TET2(11.4%)genes.During a follow-up of 3 months,the presence of CHIP was associated with recurrent stroke(HR 1.62,95%CI 1.04 to 2.51,p=0.03),recurrent ischaemic stroke(HR 1.64,95%CI 1.04 to 2.58,p=0.03)and combined vascular events(HR 1.58,95%CI 1.02 to 2.44,p=0.04)after adjusting for hsCRP levels at baseline in patients who had a first-ever AIS.Subgroup analysis demonstrated that CHIP was only associated with recurrent stroke when patients under hyperinflammation(OR 3.10,95%CI 1.92 to 5.00,p<0.001)but not in those without hyperinflammation(OR 0.18,95%CI 0.03 to 1.04,p=0.06,Pinteraction=0.002).Conclusion Our results suggest that somatic mutations contributing to CHIP increase the risk of short-term recurrent stroke in patients who had a first-ever AIS.Hyperinflammation may be important in the relationship between CHIP and recurrent stroke.

关键词： inflammation prospective acute

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缺血性卒中后感染介导了低密度脂蛋白胆固醇与全因死亡风险之间的U形曲线关系

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Science Bulletin 2023年第12期68卷 1327-1335,M0004页

作者：陈子墨谷鸿秋莫荆麟杨凯璇姜英玉杨昕王春娟许杰孟霞姜勇李昊刘丽萍王伊龙赵性泉李子孝王拥军 Beijing tiantan Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100071China China National Clinical Research center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100071China National center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100071China Advanced Innovation center for Human Brain Protection Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100071China Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100071China center for excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China

在缺血性卒中急性期,尚不清楚低水平的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的病理生理意义,本研究旨在评估LDL-C水平、卒中后感染和全因死亡间的关系.研究共纳入804,855名缺血性卒中患者.通过多元logistic回归模型分析LDL-C水平、感染和死亡之间... 详细信息

在缺血性卒中急性期,尚不清楚低水平的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的病理生理意义,本研究旨在评估LDL-C水平、卒中后感染和全因死亡间的关系.研究共纳入804,855名缺血性卒中患者.通过多元logistic回归模型分析LDL-C水平、感染和死亡之间的关系,采用基于反事实框架的中介分析,以阐明卒中后感染的中介效应,研究发现LDL-C与死亡风险之间呈U形曲线关系,死亡风险最低的LDL-C水平为2.67mmol/L.经多因素校正后,与LDL-C=2.50~2.99mmol/L相比,LDL-C<1.0mmol/L患者的死亡风险比值比(OR)为2.22(95%置信区间(CI):1.77~2.79),LDL-C5.0mmol/L患者的OR为1.22(95%CI:0.98~1.50).LDL-C与死亡之间关联的38.20%(95%CI:5.96~70.45,P=0.020)由感染介导:在逐步剔除存在心血管危险因素的患者后,LDL-C与全因死亡间的U形曲线关系及感染的中介效应与主要分析一致,而死亡风险最低时的LDL-C水平逐渐升高.在缺血性卒中急性期,LDL-C水平与全因死亡之间存在U形曲线关系,其被卒中后感染介导。

关键词：全因死亡死亡风险卒中后感染病理生理意义心血管危险因素多元logistic回归缺血性卒中低密度脂蛋白胆固醇

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