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Lumbar and neck injuries of occupants in different reclining postures

Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2024年第4期27卷 211-217页

作者： Di-Yi Liu Sen Xiao Fei-Fei Han Bo-Tao Hu School of Mechanical Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin300131China CATARC(tianjin) Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co.Ltd.Tianjin300399China

Purpose:With the increasing level of automation in automobiles,the advent of autonomous vehicles hasreduced the tendency of drivers and passengers to focus on the task of *** increasing automation in automobiles reduced the drivers'and passengers'focus on driving,which allowed occupants tochoose a more relaxed and co.fortable sitting ***,the occupant's sitting position wentfrom a frontal,upright position to a more relaxed and reclined one,which resulted in the existing restraint systems cannot to keep occupants safe and *** study aimed to determine the effects ofdifferent reclining states on occupants'lumbar and neck ***:This is an original research on the field of automotive safety *** indifferent initial sitting positions(25°,35°,45°,and 55°)were adapted to changes in seat back angle andrestraint systems and placed in the same frontal impact *** injury indexes,lumbar axialco.pression force and acceleration,as well as occupant dynamic response during the impact,wereco.pared in different sitting *** injury response and kinematic characteristics of occupants indifferent reclining positions were analyzed by the co.trol variable ***:As the sitting angle increased,the occupant's head acceleration decreased,and the forward-leanangle *** in the standard sitting position had the greatest neck injury,with an Nij of0.95,and were susceptible to abbreviated injury scale 2+cervical medullary *** the seatbackangle increased,the geometric position of the lumbar spine tended to be horizontal,and the impact loadtransmitted greater forces to the lumbar *** occupant's lumbar injury was greatest in the lyingposition,with a peak axial co.pression force on the lumbar region of 5.5 KN,which was 2.3 KN greaterthan in the standard sitting ***:The study of occupant lumbar and neck injuries based on different recline states can providea theoretical bas

关键词： Frontal impact Recline position Lumbar injury Neck injury Kinematics Road traffic injury Road safety

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Learning Label co.relations for Multi-Label Online Passive Aggressive Classification Algorithm

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2024年第1期29卷 51-58页

作者： ZHANG Yongwei Nanjing NARI Intelligent Transport technology co. Ltd.Nanjing 210061JiangsuChina

Label co.relations are an essential technique for data mining that solves the possible co.relation problem between different labels in multi-label *** this technique is widely used in multi-label classification problems,batch learning deals with most issues,which co.sumes a lot of time and space *** traditional batch learning methods,online learning represents a promising family of efficient and scalable machine learning algorithms for large-scale ***,existing online learning research has done little to co.sider co.relations between *** the basis of existing research,this paper proposes a multi-label online learning algorithm based on label co.relations by maximizing the interval between related labels and unrelated labels in multi-label *** evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm on several public *** show the effectiveness of our algorithm.

关键词： label co.relations passive aggressive multi-label classification online learning

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Study on the oxidation mechanism of Al-SiC co.posite at elevated temperature

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第9期31卷 2077-2087页

作者： Jishuo Han Yong Li Chenhong Ma Qingyao Zheng Xiuhua Zhang Xiaofang Wu School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Vesuvius Advanced Ceramics(China)co. LtdSuzhou 215000China

Resin-bonded Al-SiC co.posite was sintered at 1100,1300,and 1500℃ in the air,the oxidation mechanism was *** reaction models were also *** oxidation resistance of the Al-SiC co.posite was significantly enhanced with temperature *** in the exterior of the co.posite was partially oxidized slightly,while the transformation of metastable Al_(4)C_(3) to stable Al_(4)SiC_(4) existed in the *** 1100℃,Al in the interior reacted with residual C to form Al_(4)C_(3).With increasing to 1300℃,high temperature and low oxygen partial pressure lead to active oxidation of SiC,and internal gas co.position transforms to Al_(2)O(g)+co.g)+SiO(g)as the reaction *** Al_(4)C_(3) is formed,co.g)and SiO(g)are co.tinuously deposited on its surface,transforming to Al_(4)SiC_(4).At 1500℃,a dense layer co.sisting of SiC and Al_(4)SiC_(4) whiskers is formed which cuts off the diffusion channel of *** active oxidation of SiC is accelerated,enabling more gas to participate in the synthesis of Al_(4)SiC_(4),eventually forming hexagonal lamellar Al_(4)SiC_(4) with mutual accumulation between SiC *** Al enhances the oxidation resistance of *** addition,the in situ generated non-oxide is uniformly dispersed on a micro-scale and bonds SiC stably.

关键词： Al-SiC co.posite kiln furniture Al_(4)SiC_(4) Al_(4)C_(3) oxidation mechanism

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On the electric behaviour of co.ductive grease inside the co.tact zone

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Friction 2024年第4期12卷 683-697页

作者： Yuxin ZHOU Jinjie LIU Xinming LI He CHONG Bo HAN Qinghua BAI SKF(Shanghai)Automotive Technologies co. Ltd.Shanghai 201814China School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266250China

co.ductive grease has been co.sidered as a potential solution in addressing electric erosion issue inside motor *** the co.ductive grease performance,especially the electric and tribological behaviour is crucial for its *** paper co.bines bulk grease characterization and co.tact film study co.sidering both electrical and tribological loading *** results show that the electric performance for the selected co.ductive grease sample is electric field dependent,including both frequency and voltage *** film impedance inside the co.tact area is closely related to the external electric field,running co.dition,and lubrication *** following film impedance calculation tells that not only bulk grease electric parameters,but the co.tact parameter,lubricant film co.tour and lubrication co.dition should be co.sidered when performing the overall bearing electrical modelling.

关键词： Electric erosion lubricant co.ductivity grease film impedance

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Magnetic wrinkled organosilica-based metal-enzyme integrated catalysts for enhanced chemoenzymatic catalysis

Green Synthesis and Catalysis

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Green Synthesis and Catalysis 2024年第2期5卷 122-125页

作者： Yunting Liu Na Guo Weixi Kong Shiqi Gao Guanhua Liu Liya Zhou Jing Gaoa Yanjun Jiang School of Chemical Engineering and technology Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300130China tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300130China

co.e-shell structured magnetic wrinkled organosilica-based metal-enzyme integrated catalysts were synthesized,and their catalytic performances were studied in the chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution of chiral amines in an organic solvent,as well as in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of chiral alco.ols in *** studies revealed the important influence of their tunable structure and co.position on the optimization of activity,stability,and recyclability in chemoenzymatic catalysis.

关键词： Magnetic wrinkled organosilica Chemoenzymatic catalysis co.immobilization Asymmetric synthesis Chiral amines/alco.ols Dynamic kinetic resolution Nanomaterials

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Synergistically co.structed lamination-like network of redox-active polyimide and MXene via π-π interactions for aqueous NH_(4)^(+) storage

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第7期71卷 217-224页

作者： Jing He Hongye Xuan Jing Jin Ke Yu Changyao Liyang Lintong Hu Minjie Shi Chao Yan School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China Jiangsu New Yangzi Shipbuilding co. LtdJingjiang 214532China

As a nonmetallic charge carrier,ammonium ion(NH_(4)^(+))has garnered significant attention in the co.struction of aqueous batteries due to its advantages of low molar mass,small hydration size and rapid diffusion in aqueous *** are a kind of potential electro-active materials for aqueous NH_(4)^(+)***,traditional polymer electrodes are typically created by co.ering the bulky co.lectors with excessive additives,which co.ld lead to low volume capacity and unsatisfactory ***,a nanoparticle-like polyimide(PI)was synthesized and then co.bined with MXene nanosheets to synergistically co.struct an additive-free and self-standing PI@MXene co.posite ***,the redox-active PI nanoparticles are enclosed between co.ductive MXene flakes to create a 3D lamination-like network that promotes electron transmission,while theπ-πinteractions existing between PI and MXene co.tribute to the enhanced structural integrity and stability within the co.posite *** such,it delivers superior aqueous NH_(4)^(+)storage behaviors in terms of a notable specific capacity of 110.7 mA·h·cm^(–3) and a long lifespan with only 0.0064%drop each ***,in-situ Raman and UV–Vis examinations provide evidence of reversible and stable redox mechanism of the PI@MXene co.posite electrode during NH_(4)^(+)uptake/removal,highlighting its significance in the area of electrochemical energy storage.

关键词： Synergetic co.pling co.posite materials Polyimide Energy storage Aqueous ammonium ion batteries

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Analysis of destructive effect of Zn on carbon brick and way of Zn into carbon brick

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第6期31卷 1344-1354页

作者： Peng-bo Liu Shu-sen Cheng Yu-qing Xue Xiao-man Cheng Zhao Liu University of Science and technology Beijing Beijing 100083China Ministry of Ironmaking Shangdong Taishan Steel Group Co.Ltd.Taian 271000ShandongChina

The service life of a blast furnace depends largely on the degree of damage to the carbon brick in the *** brick and ramming material in the hearth of a 1780 m3 blast furnace after shutdown were sampled and *** was found that the substances in the cracks of the carbon brick near and above the taphole were ZnO and Zn_(2)SiO_(4),whereas the substances in the cracks of the carbon brick below the taphole were *** reaction of Zn with co.SiO_(2),and Fes generates ZnO,Zn_(2)SiO_(4),and ZnS,resulting in volume expansion,which is an important reason for the cracking of carbon ***,several obvious Zn vapor flow channels were found in the ramming material,through which Zn vapor co.ld enter the carbon brick,causing damage to the carbon *** the co.pactness of the ramming material is beneficial to preventing Zn vapor from entering the carbon brick through the voids in the ramming material,reducing the destructive effect of Zn on the carbon brick and further extending the service life of the blast furnace.

关键词： Zn Blast furnace Carbon brick Ramming material Crack

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Experimental investigation of spectral evolution in flash radiation by hypervelocity impact on aluminum plates

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Defence technology（防务技术） 2024年第7期37卷 96-110页

作者： Xing Chen Yonggang Lu Zhiwen Li Zhonghua Cui Institute of Systems Engineering China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900SichuanChina Chongqing Qianwei technology Group co. LtdChongqing 401121China

In this study,a series of hypervelocity impact tests were carried out based on a two-stage light gas gun,and the sequence spectrum and radiation evolution data of the impact products under different impact co.ditions were *** diameter of the projectile is 3-5 mm,the impact velocity is 3.13-6.58 km/s,and the chamber pressure is 0.56-990 *** spectrum of ejected debris cloud in the 250-310 nm band were obtained using a transient spectral measurement system and a multi-channel radiometer measurement *** test results reveal that the flash radiation intensity increases as a power function with the kinetic energy of the ***,the peak value of the line spectrum decreases as the chamber vacuum degree increases,while the radiation width gradually *** line spectrum in the spectral characterization curve co.responds to the ejected debris clouds splitting phase,which does not produce significant line spectrum during material fragmentation and is dominated by the co.tinuum spectrum produced by blackbody *** will appear one or three characteristic peaks in the flash radiation time curve,the first and seco.d peaks co.respond to the penetration phase and the third peak co.responds to the expansion phase of the ejected debris clouds on the time scale,the first and seco.d peaks are more sensitive to the chamber vacuum degree,and when the pressure is higher than 99 Pa,the first and seco.d characteristic peaks will *** radiant heat attenuation of the flash under different impact co.ditions is significantly different,the attenuation exponent has a power function relationship with the impact velocity and the chamber vacuum degree,while the attenuation exponent has a linear relationship with the diameter of the projectile,the specific expression of the attenuation exponent is obtained by *** findings from this research can serve as a valuable reference for remote diagnostic technologies based on flash radiation characte

关键词： Hypervelocity impact Flash radiation Evolution Spectral characteristics Damage evaluation

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Design strategies and recent advancements of solid-state supercapacitor operating in wide temperature range

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Carbon Energy 2024年第6期6卷 248-281页

作者： Jie Zhou Zhengfeng Zhu Wenhui Shi Xiangyu Shi Zhuoyuan Zheng Ye Xiong Yusong Zhu School of Energy Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina Kucap Smart technology(Nanjing)co. Ltd.NanjingJiangsuChina

Solid-state supercapacitors(SSCs)are emerging as one of the promising energy storage devices due to their high safety,superior power density,and excellent cycling ***,performance degradation and safety issues under extreme co.ditions are the main challenges for the practical *** the expansion of human activities,such as space missions,polar exploration,and so on,the investigation of SSC with wide temperature tolerance,high energy density,power density,and sustainability is highly *** this review,the effects of temperature on SSC are systematically illustrated and clarified,including the properties of the electrolyte,ion diffusion,and reaction dynamics of the ***,we summarize the recent advances in wide-temperature-range SSCs from the aspect of electrolyte modification,electrode design,and interface adjustment between electrode and electrolyte,especially with critical co.cerns on ionic co.ductivity and cycling *** the end,a perspective is presented,expecting to promote the practical application of the SSC in harsh co.ditions.

关键词： electrode interface solid-state electrolyte solid-state supercapacitor wide temperature

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Effect of Heat Treatment on Gradient Microstructure and Tensile Property of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Fabricated 15-5 Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第1期37卷 181-195页

作者： Sheng Cao Hongyu Liu Jin Jiang Ke He Binghua Lv Hao Zhang Lujie Zhang Jingrong Meng Hao Deng Xiaodong Niu Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringShantou UniversityShantou515063China China State Shipbuilding co. Ltd.Huangpu Wenchong Shipbuilding Company Ltd.Guangzhou510715China Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100080China Shantou Ruixiang Mould co. Ltd.Shantou515041China Military Representative Office X of Unit 93147 Deyang618000China China National Erzhong Group co. Deyang Wanhang Die Forging Co.Ltd.Deyang618013China

This work investigated the gradient microstructure evolution and tensile property of LPBF fabricated 15-5 precipitation hardening stainless steel in post-process direct ageing(DA)and solution treating&ageing(STA).The varied microstructures for austenite and small-sized oxide inclusions at different sample heights in the as-built(AB)co.dition was generally preserved after DA ***,austenite was almost disappeared,and oxide particle grew significantly after the STA *** a result,the tensile property differences in sample top and bottom for AB and DA co.ditions did not occur in the STA *** the influence of post-process heat treatment,the STA co.dition had the highest yield strength due to the highest volume fraction of nano-sized Cu ***,the DA specimen had the highest ultimate tensile strength and elongation owing to the co.siderable amount of austenite phase and associated transformation induced plasticity effect.

关键词： 15-5 PH stainless steel Laser powder bed fusion Heat treatment Gradient microstructures Tensile properties

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