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Construction of daily precipitation series and the observational characteristics of extreme precipitation in tianjin,China during 1888-2022

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第1期15卷 52-61页

作者： Peng SI Qing-Xiang LI Xiao-Yang CHEN Min WANG Chuan-Jun LUO tianjin meteorological Information center Tianjin Meteorological BureauTianjin 300074China Research centerfor Ecology and Environment of Central Asia Chinese Academy of SciencesWulumuqi 830011China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 528478China Key Laboratory of Tropical Amosphere-Ocean System Ministry of EducationZhuhai 528478China Shaoguan meteorological Service Shaoguan 512028China

Given the difficulties in rescuing and ensuring the quality of long-term climate data,current studies on century-scale climate change are usually limited to annual and monthly data,resulting in the poor detection of extreme climate events and their changes before *** this study,we reconstructed a daily precipitation series for tianjin from 15 September 1887 to 31 December 2022 on the basis of the most comprehensive daily precipitation records collected from the tianjin meteorological Archive,China,and in reference to the precipitation analysis results based on the datasets developed by the Climatic Research Unit Time-Series version 4.06,Global Precipitation Climatology Centre and University of Delaware along with the application of various homogenisation methods for climate *** approach provides a complete and reliable century-long daily precipitation series for the study of regional or local extreme weather and climate *** reconstructed daily dataset reveals that the annual precipitation amount and R95 intensity in tianjin during 1888-2022 lack significant trends and have values of 0.74±6.99 and-1.84±3.22 mm per decade,*** the annual and seasonal scales,the precipitation amount and R95 intensity,particularly those in autumn,have increased since the latter half of the 20th century relative to those in ***,the increase in precipitation amount and R95 intensity is relatively limited compared with that in atmospheric water vapour content due to surface warming,indicating the highly sensitive response of extreme precipitation events to *** addition,the estimates for the return periods of 5,10,20,50 and 100 years covering 1888-2022,1888-1950 and 1951-2022 depict that the intensity of heavy rain and above magnitude was highest in 1888-1950 and decreased in 1951-2022.

关键词： Over a century-long timescale Daily precipitation series Extreme precipitation Return period

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Influence of Irregular Coastlines on a Tornadic Mesovortex in the Pearl River Delta during the Monsoon Season. Part Ⅰ:Pre-storm Environment and Storm Evolution

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第9期41卷 1115-1131页

作者： Lanqiang BAI Dan YAO Zhiyong MENG Yu ZHANG Xianxiang HUANG Zhaoming LI Xiaoding YU Foshan Tornado Research center and China Meteorological Administration Tornado Key LaboratoryGuangdong Meteorological Serviceand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Guangdong 528000China meteorological observation Centre CMABeijing 100081China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and China Meteorological Administration Tornado Key LaboratorySchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Guangzhou meteorological Observatory CMAGuangdong 511430China Foshan Tornado Research center and China Meteorological Administration Tornado Key LaboratoryCMAGuangdong 528000China China meteorological Administration Training center CMABeijing 528000China

The Pearl River Delta(PRD),a tornado hotspot,forms a distinct trumpet-shaped coastline that concaves toward the South China *** the summer monsoon season,low-level southwesterlies over the PRD’s sea surface tend to be turned toward the west coast,constituting a convergent wind field along with the landward-side southwesterlies,which influences regional convective *** two-part study explores the roles of this unique land–sea contrast of the trumpet-shaped coastline in the formation of a tornadic mesovortex within monsoonal flows in this *** I primarily presents observational analyses of pre-storm environments and storm *** rotating storm developed in a lowshear environment(not ideal for a supercell)under the interactions of three air masses under the influence of the land–sea contrast,monsoon,and storm cold *** intersection zone(or“triple point”)is typically characterized by local enhancements of ambient vertical vorticity and *** on a rapid-scan X-band phased-array radar,finger-like echoes were recognized shortly after the gust front intruded on the triple *** over the triple point,they rapidly wrapped up with a well-defined low-level *** is thus presumed that the triple point may have played roles in the mesovortex genesis,which will be demonstrated in Part II with multiple sensitivity numerical *** findings also suggest that when storms pass over the boundary intersection zone in the PRD,the expected possibility of a rotating storm occurring is relatively high,even in a low-shear *** knowledge of such environments provides additional guidance to assess the regional tornado risk.

关键词： tornado mesovortex surface boundary land–sea contrast monsoon

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Improving the Forecasts of Coastal Wind Speeds in tianjin,China Based on the WRF Model with Machine Learning Algorithms

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Journal of meteorological Research 2024年第3期38卷 570-585页

作者： Weihang ZHANG Meng TIAN Shangfei HAI Fei WANG Xiadong AN Wanju LI Xiaodong LI Lifang SHENG College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao266100China tianjin Key Laboratory for Oceanic Meteorology Tianjin Institute of Meteorological ScienceTianjin300074China CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Beijing100081China Qingdao meteorological Bureau Qingdao266003China

Characterized by sudden changes in strength,complex influencing factors,and significant impacts,the wind speed in the circum-Bohai Sea area is relatively challenging to *** the western side of Bohai Bay,as the economic center of the circum-Bohai Sea,tianjin exhibits a high demand for accurate wind *** this study,three machine learning algorithms were employed and compared as post-processing methods to correct wind speed forecasts by the Weather Research and Forecast(WRF)model for *** results showed that the random forest(RF)achieved better performance in improving the forecasts because it substantially reduced the model bias at a lower computing cost,while the support vector machine(SVM)performed slightly worse(especially for stronger winds),but it required an approximately 15 times longer computing *** back propagation(BP)neural network produced an average forecast significantly closer to the observed forecast but insufficiently reduced the *** regard to wind speed frequency forecasting,the RF method commendably corrected the forecasts of the frequency of moderate(force 3)wind speeds,while the BP method showed a desirable capability for correcting the forecasts of stronger(force>6)*** addition,the 10-m u and v components of wind(u_(10)and v_(10)),2-m relative humidity(RH_(2))and temperature(T_(2)),925-hPa u(u925),sea level pressure(SLP),and 500-hPa temperature(T_(500))were identified as the main factors leading to bias in wind speed forecasting by the WRF model in tianjin,indicating the importance of local dynamical/thermodynamic processes in regulating the wind *** study demonstrates that the combination of numerical models and machine learning techniques has important implications for refined local wind forecasting.

关键词： machine learning Weather Research and Forecast(WRF)model wind speed forecasting coastal region

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Hybrid-Vlasov simulation of soft X-ray emissions at the Earth’s dayside magnetospheric boundaries

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 70-88页

作者： M.Grandin H.K.Connor S.Hoilijoki M.Battarbee Y.Pfau-Kempf U.Ganse K.Papadakis M.Palmroth Department of Physics University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland NASA Goddard Space Flight center GreenbeltMD20771USA Space and Earth observation Centre Finnish Meteorological InstituteHelsinkiFinland

Solar wind charge exchange produces emissions in the soft X-ray energy range which can enable the study of near-Earth space regions such as the magnetopause,the magnetosheath and the polar cusps by remote sensing *** Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)and Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)missions aim to obtain soft Xray images of near-Earth space thanks to their Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)*** earlier modeling works have already simulated soft X-ray images as might be obtained by SMILE SXI during its mission,the numerical models used so far are all based on the magnetohydrodynamics description of the space *** investigate the possible signatures of ion-kinetic-scale processes in soft Xray images,we use for the first time a global hybrid-Vlasov simulation of the geospace from the Vlasiator *** simulation is driven by fast and tenuous solar wind conditions and purely southward interplanetary magnetic *** first produce global X-ray images of the dayside near-Earth space by placing a virtual imaging satellite at two different locations,providing meridional and equatorial *** then analyze regional features present in the images and show that they correspond to signatures in soft X-ray emissions of mirrormode wave structures in the magnetosheath and flux transfer events(FTEs)at the *** results suggest that,although the time scales associated with the motion of those transient phenomena will likely be significantly smaller than the integration time of the SMILE and LEXI imagers,mirror-mode structures and FTEs can cumulatively produce detectable signatures in the soft X-ray *** instance,a local increase by 30%in the proton density at the dayside magnetopause resulting from the transit of multiple FTEs leads to a 12%enhancement in the line-of-sight-and time-integrated soft X-ray emissivity originating from this ***,a proton density increase by 14%in the magnetosheath

关键词： magnetosphere magnetosheath numerical simulation SMILE LEXI soft X-ray emissions hybrid-Vlasov model polar cusp flux transfer events mirror-mode waves

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Characteristics of atmospheric nitrous oxide observed at *** GAW global station in the inland Eurasia during eighteen years

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 92-104页

作者： Miao LIANG Shuangxi FANG Lixin LIU Yong ZHANG Jianqiong WANG Shuo LIU Hongyang WANG Liangchun DENG meteorological observation Centre(MOC) China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Beijing 100081China College of Environment Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China Mt.Waliguan Background Station China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Xining 810001China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China center for Environmental Progress Wuhan 430070China

This study presents atmospheric N_(2)O mole fractions measured from discrete air samples from 2001 to 2018 at ***(WLG)station(36°17′N,100°54′E,3816 m asl)in China,which is a global background station of the World meteorological Organization/Global Atmosphere Watch Programme(WMO/GAW)in central *** N_(2)O characteristics of annual means,interannual variability,and seasonal cycles were *** results show that N_(2)O at WLG possess a distinct increasing trend and a statistically significant seasonal cycle,with an average growth rate of 0.9±0.01 ppb yr^(−1)(1σ)(1ppb=10^(−9)),which is close to the global *** detrended seasonal cycle shows a trough of−0.25±0.04(1σ)ppb in June and a peak of 0.13±0.07(1σ)ppb in September,with an amplitude of 0.38 *** pattern is due to combined effects of variation in surface sources,vertical convection within the boundary layer and stratosphere to troposphere transportation(STE).The interannual variability in growth rate was partly driven by quasi-biennial oscillation(QBO)of tropical zonal wind through stratospheric transport into the *** to a cluster analysis of back trajectories and the corresponding average N_(2)O load,most air masses cover arid and semi-arid areas in inner Asia with low N_(2)O emissions,indicating that the atmospheric N_(2)O at the WLG represents the background N_(2)O level in central Eurasia.

关键词： Nitrous oxide(N_(2)O) observation Long-term trend Seasonal variation Interannual variability

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Data Quality Control Method of a New Drifting observation Technology Named Drifting Air-Sea Interface Buoy

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第1期23卷 11-22页

作者： LI Shuo WANG Bin DENG Zeng’an WU Baoqin ZHU Xiande CHEN Zhaohui National Ocean Technology center Tianjin 300112China School of Marine Science and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Key Laboratory of Ocean observation Technology Ministry of Natural ResourcesTianjin 300112China People’s Liberation Army 92859 Tianjin 300061China Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China

An integral quality control(QC)procedure that integrates various QC methods and considers the design indexes and operational status of the instruments for the observations of drifting air-sea interface buoy was developed in the order of basic in-spection followed by targeted *** innovative method of combining a moving Hampel filter and local anomaly detection com-plies with statistical laws and physical processes,which guarantees the QC performance of meteorological *** sets of observation data were used to verify the applicability and effectiveness of the QC procedure,and the effect was evaluated using the observations of the Kuroshio Extension Observatory buoy as the *** results showed that the outliers in the time series can be correctly identified and processed,and the quality of data improved *** linear correlation between the quality-controlled observations and the reference increased,and the difference *** correlation coefficient of wind speed before and after QC increased from 0.77 to 0.82,and the maximum absolute error decreased by approximately 2.8ms^(-1).In addition,air pressure and relative humidity were optimized by 10^(-3)–10^(-2) orders of *** the sea surface temperature,the weight of coefficients of the continuity test algorithm was optimized based on the sea area of data acquisition,which effectively expanded the applicability of the algorithm.

关键词： drifting air-sea interface buoy quality control oceanic variables meteorological variables continuity test

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Summer Atmospheric Water Cycle under the Transition Influence of the Westerly and Summer Monsoon over the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin in the Southern Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第5期41卷 830-846页

作者： Qianhui MA Chunyan ZHANG Donghai WANG Zihao PANG School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster StudiesKey Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean SystemMinistry of EducationZhuhai 519082China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China Guangdong meteorological Data center Guangdong Meteorological ServiceGuangzhou 510080China National observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao Macao Environmental Research InstituteMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SAR 999078China National meteorological Information center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

This study compares the summer atmospheric water cycle,including moisture sources and consumption,in the upstream,midstream,and downstream regions of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin in the southern Tibetan *** evolutions of moisture properties under the influence of the westerly and summer southerly monsoon are examined using 5-yr multi-source measurements and ERA5 reanalysis *** that moisture consumption in this study is associated with clouds,precipitation,and diabatic *** to the midstream and downstream regions,the upstream region has less moisture,clouds,and precipitation,where the moisture is brought by the *** early August,the vertical wet advection over this region becomes enhanced and generates more high clouds and *** midstream region has moisture carried by the westerly in June and by the southerly monsoon from July to *** higher vertical wet advection maximum here forms more high clouds,with a precipitation peak in early *** downstream region is mainly affected by the southerly-driven wet *** rich moisture and strong vertical wet advection here produce the most clouds and precipitation among the three regions,with a precipitation peak in late *** height of the maximum moisture condensation is different between the midstream region(325 hPa)and the other two regions(375 hPa),due to the higher upward motion maximum in the midstream *** diabatic heating structures show that stratiform clouds dominate the upstream region,stratiform clouds and deep convection co-exist in the midstream region,and deep convection systems characterize the downstream region.

关键词： Yarlung Zangbo River Basin atmospheric water cycle constrained variational analysis moisture source and consumption

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Fusion SST from Infrared and Microwave Measurement of FY-3D meteorological Satellite

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2024年第1期30卷 89-96页

作者：张淼徐娜陈林 National Satellite meteorological center/National center for Space Weather Beijing 100081 China Innovation center for Fengyun meteorological Satellite(FYSIC) Beijing 100081 China Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 China

Sea surface temperature(SST)is one of the important parameters of global ocean and climate research,which can be retrieved by satellite infrared and passive microwave remote sensing *** satellite infrared SST offers high spatial resolution,it is limited by cloud *** the other hand,passive microwave SST provides all-weather observation but suffers from poor spatial resolution and susceptibility to environmental factors such as rainfall,coastal effects,and high wind *** achieve high-precision,comprehensive,and high-resolution SST data,it is essential to fuse infrared and microwave SST *** this study,data from the Fengyun-3D(FY-3D)medium resolution spectral imager II(MERSI-II)SST and microwave imager(MWRI)SST were ***,the accuracy of both MERSIII SST and MWRI SST was verified,and the latter was bilinearly interpolated to match the 5km resolution grid of MERSI *** pretreatment and quality control of MERSI SST and MWRI SST,a Piece-Wise Regression method was employed to correct biases in MWRI ***,SST data were selected based on spatial resolution and accuracy within a 3-day window of the analysis ***,an optimal interpolation method was applied to fuse the FY-3D MERSI-II SST and MWRI *** results demonstrated a significant improvement in spatial coverage compared to MERSI-II SST and MWRI ***,the fusion SST retained true spatial distribution details and exhibited an accuracy of–0.12±0.74℃compared to OSTIA *** study has improved the accuracy of FY satellite fusion SST products in China.

关键词： SST data fusion FY3 infrared microwave

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Mechanism of Diabatic Heating on Precipitation and the Track of a Tibetan Plateau Vortex over the Eastern Slope of the Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 155-172页

作者： Yuanchang DONG Guoping LI Xiaolin XIE Long YANG Peiwen ZHANG Bo ZENG Institute of Plateau Meteorology China Meteorological Administration(CMA)/Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disaster in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu 610072China School of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China meteorological observation Data center of Sichuan Province Chengdu 610072China Sichuan Branch of Meteorologist Training Institute CMAChengdu 610072China

Existing studies contend that latent heating(LH)will replace sensible heating(SH)to become the dominant factor affecting the development of the Tibetan Plateau vortex(TPV)after it moves off the Tibetan Plateau(TP).However,in the process of the TPV moving off the TP requires that the airmass traverse the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau(ESTP)where the topography and diabatic heating(DH)conditions rapidly *** LH gradually replaces SH to become the dominant factor in the development of the TPV over the ESTP is still not very *** this paper,an analysis of a typical case of a TPV with a long life history over the ESTP is performed by using multi-sourced meteorological data and model *** results show that SH from the TP surface can change the TPV-associated precipitation distribution by temperature advection after the TPV moves off the *** LH can then directly promote the development of the TPV and has a certain guiding effect on the track of the *** SH can control the active area of LH by changing the falling area of the TPV-associated precipitation,so it still plays a key role in the development and tracking of the TPV even though it has moved out of the main body of the TP.

关键词： eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau diabatic heating Tibetan Plateau vortex precipitation distribution track

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Recent Enhanced Deep Troposphere-to-Stratosphere Air Mass Transport Accompanying the Weakening Asian Monsoon

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Journal of meteorological Research 2024年第4期38卷 708-719页

作者： Bin CHEN Jianzhong MA Wei ZHANG Jianchun BIAN Tianliang ZHAO Xiangde XU State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China Department of Plants Soils and ClimateUtah State UniversityUT84322USA Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation center on Forecast and Evaluation of meteorological Disasters Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological AdministrationNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China

The Asian monsoon(AM) region is a well-known region with prevailing stratosphere–troposphere exchange(STE).However,how the STE across this region changes with the weakening AM remains ***,we particularly diagnose the air mass transport between the planetary boundary layer(PBL) and the stratosphere over the AM region during 1992–2017 using the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART based on the ERA-Interim reanalysis *** results show that both the downward and upward deep STEs exhibit a detectable increasing trend,while the latter,namely,the deep troposphere-to-stratosphere transport(DTST),is relatively more *** analysis reveals that the long-term trend of DTST over the AM region could be partly attributed to changes in the Pacific Walker circulation and the air temperature(especially at upper levels).Additionally,it is found that DTST increases markedly over the tropical oceanic regions,while the increasing DTST into the stratosphere can be attributed to the enhanced air masses originated from the PBL over the terrestrial regions,where large amounts of pollutant emissions *** results imply that the influence of the DTST on the chemical composition and the climate of the stratosphere over the AM region is expected to become increasingly important,and is thereby of relevance to climate projection in an evolving climate.

关键词： stratosphere–troposphere exchange(STE) air mass transport deep troposphere-to-stratosphere transport(DTST) Asian monsoon(AM) pollution

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