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Identify the contribution of vehicle non-exhaust emissions:a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer test case at typical road environment

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第5期17卷 117-128页

作者： Qijun Zhang Jiayuan Liu Ning Wei Congbo Song Jianfei Peng Lin Wu Hongjun Mao tianjin key laboratory of urban transport emission research&state environmental protection key laboratory of urban ambient air particulate matter pollution prevention and control College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China School of Geography Earth and Environment Sciences University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK

A single particle aerosol mass spectrometer(SPAMS)was used to accurately quantify the contribution of vehicle non-exhaust emissions to particulate matter at typical road *** PM_(2.5),black carbon,meteorological parameters and traffic flow were recorded during the test *** daily trend for traffic flow and speed on TEDA Street showed obvious“M”and“W”characteristics.6.3 million particles were captured via the SPAMS,including 1.3 million particles with positive and negative spectral map *** Metal,High molecular Organic Carbon,Organic Carbon,Mixed Carbon,Elemental Carbon,Rich Potassium,Levo-rotation Glucose,Rich Na,SiO_(3) and other categories were *** particle number concentration measured by SPAMS showed a good linear correlation with the mass concentrations of PM_(2.5) and BC,which indicates that the particulate matter captured by the SPAMS reflects the pollution level of fine particulate ***,ECOC,OC,HM and crustal dust components were found to show high values from 7:00–9:00 AM,showing that these chemical components are directly or indirectly related to vehicle *** on the PMF model,7 major factors are *** relative contributions of each factor were determined:vehicle exhaust emission(44.8%),coal-fired source(14.5%),biomass combustion(12.2%),crustal dust(9.4%),ship emission(9.0%),tires wear(6.6%)and brake pads wear(3.5%).The results show that the contribution of vehicle non-exhaust to particulate matter at roadside environment is approximately 10.1%.Vehicle non-exhaust emissions are the focus of future research in the vehicle pollutant emission control field.

关键词： Non-exhaust emissions SPAMS PMF Roadside environment

Quantifying the impacts of emissions and meteorology on the interannual variations of air pollutants in major Chinese cities from 2015 to 2021

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第8期66卷 1725-1737页

作者： Qili DAI Tianjiao DAI Linlu HOU Linxuan LI Xiaohui BI Yufen ZHANG Yinchang FENG state environmental protection key laboratory of urban ambient air particulate matter pollution prevention and control College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University Cooperative laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health research Tianjin 300350China

air pollutant concentration is a function of emission rates and *** accurately evaluate the effect of control measures,the meteorological covariate must be corrected from the *** study quantified the impacts of emission abatement and meteorological condition on the interannual variations of SO_(2),NO_(2),CO,O_(3),PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) concentrations in 31 major Chinese cities using an optimized machine learning-based meteorological normalization ***,the annual average concentrations of SO_(2),NO_(2),CO,PM_(10)and PM_(2.5)were reduced by 86%,51%,99%,86% and 88%from 2015 to 2020,respectively,in the studied cities,attributable to their emission ***,the concentration of O_(3) was found with no significant decrease with the reduction of *** abatement notably improved air quality between 2015 and *** a decline in emissions tended to progressively slow down since ***,the meteorological conditions in 2016–2017 and 2018–2019 were unfavorable for a better air quality,while it became favorable in 2020–***,emission abatement in 2021 further lowered the concentrations of SO_(2),NO_(2),CO,and PM_(2.5),while the emission of PM_(10) *** changes in precursors emissions worsened O_(3) air *** meet the demand of improving air quality,more aggressive abatement measures need to be formulated to synergistically reduce NOx,volatile organic compounds,and coarse particles.

关键词： air pollution air quality Machine learning Meteorology emissions Policy evaluation

Impacts of meteorology and precursor emission change on O_(3) variation in tianjin, China from 2015 to 2021

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第4期126卷 506-516页

作者： Jing Ding Qili Dai Wenyan Fan Miaomiao Lu Yufen Zhang Suqin Han Yinchang Feng tianjin environmental Meteorological Center Qi xiangtai roadTianjin 300074China state environmental protection key laboratory of urban ambient air particulate matter pollution prevention and control College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China CMA-NKU Cooperative laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health research Tianjin 300074China

Deterioration of surface ozone (O_(3)) pollution in Northern China over the past few years received much *** many cities,it is still under debate whether the trend of surface O_(3)variation is driven by meteorology or the change in precursors *** this work,a time series decomposition method (Seasonal-Trend decomposition procedure based on Loess (STL)) and random forest (RF) algorithm were utilized to quantify the meteorological impacts on the recorded O_(3)trend and identify the key meteorological factors affecting O_(3)pollution in tianjin,the biggest coastal port city in Northern *** “removing” the meteorological fluctuations from the observed O_(3)time series,we found that variation of O_(3)in tianjin was largely driven by the changes in precursors *** meteorology was unfavorable for O_(3)pollution in period of 2015-2016,and turned out to be favorable during ***,meteorology contributed 9.3μg/m^(3)O_(3)(13%) in 2019,together with the increase in precursors emissions,making 2019 to be the worst year of O_(3)pollution since *** then,the favorable effects of meteorology on O_(3)pollution tended to be *** was the most important factor affecting O_(3)level,followed by air humidity in O_(3)pollution *** the midday of summer days,O_(3)pollution frequently exceeded the standard level (>160μg/m^(3)) at a combined condition with relative humidity in 40%-50%and temperature>31℃.Both the temperature and the dryness of the atmosphere need to be subtly considered for summer O_(3)forecasting.

关键词： Ozone Meteorological conditions Time series decomposition Random forest Meteorological adjustment

Machine learning and theoretical analysis release the non-linear relationship among ozone,secondary organic aerosol and volatile organic compounds

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2022年第4期34卷 75-84页

作者： Feng Wang Zhongcheng Zhang Gen Wang Zhenyu Wang Mei Li Weiqing Liang Jie Gao Wei Wang Da Chen Yinchang Feng Guoliang Shi state environmental protection key laboratory of urban ambient air particulate matter pollution prevention and control Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission ResearchCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China CMA-NKU Cooperative laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health research(CLAER) College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China state key laboratory on Odor pollution control Tianjin Academy of Environmental SciencesTianjin 300191China Guangdong Provincial Engineering research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of air pollution Jinan University Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric EnvironmentGuangzhou 510632China Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for environmental Quality Guangzhou 510632China Trusted AI System laboratory College of Computer ScienceNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China key laboratory of Civil Aviation Thermal Hazards prevention and Emergency Response Civil Aviation University of ChinaTianjin 300300China

Fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and ozone(O_(3))pollutions are prevalent air quality issues in *** organic compounds(VOCs)have significant impact on the formation of O_(3)and secondary organic aerosols(SOA)contributing PM_(2.5).Herein,we investigated 54 VOCs,O_(3)and SOA in tianjin from June 2017 to May 2019 to explore the non-linear relationship among O_(3),SOA and *** monthly patterns of VOCs and SOA concentrations were characterized by peak values during October to March and reached a minimum from April to September,but the observed O_(3)was exactly the *** learning methods resolved the importance of individual VOCs on O_(3)and SOA that alkenes(mainly ethylene,propylene,and isoprene)have the highest importance to O_(3)formation;alkanes(C_(n),n≥6)and aromatics were the main source of SOA *** learning methods revealed and emphasized the importance of photochemical consumptions of VOCs to O_(3)and SOA *** formation potential(OFP)and secondary organic aerosol formation potential(SOAFP)calculated by consumed VOCs quantitatively indicated that more than 80%of the consumed VOCs were alkenes which dominated the O_(3)formation,and the importance of consumed aromatics and alkenes to SOAFP were 40.84%and 56.65%,***,isoprene contributed the most to OFP at 41.45%regardless of the season,while aromatics(58.27%)contributed the most to SOAFP in ***,our findings can provide scientific evidence on policymaking for VOCs controls on seasonal scales to achieve effective reduction in both SOA and O_(3).

关键词： VOCs Machine learning Photochemical consumption Ozone formation potential Secondary organic aerosol formation potential

Drivers of PM2.5-O3 co-pollution:from the perspective of reactive nitrogen conversion pathways in atmospheric nitrogen cycling

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Science Bulletin 2022年第18期67卷 1833-1836页

作者： Feng Wang Weichao Wang Zhenyu Wang Zhongcheng Zhang Yinchang Feng Armistead G.Russell Guoliang Shi state environmental protection key laboratory of urban ambient air particulate matter pollution prevention and control Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission ResearchCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University(CMA-NKU)Cooperative laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health research College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Department of Electronics and tianjin key laboratory of Photo-Electronic Thin Film Device and Technology Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China School of Civil and environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta GA 30332-0512USA

Fine particulate matter(PM)and ozone(O),two globally signifcant air pollutants,have exerted substantial adverse impacts on climate and human health[1].From 2013 to 2020,China has achieved a signifcant decline of PMlevels,though O3pollution has deteriorated over time[2].PM-Oco-pollution includes not only both high levels of PMand O,but also high PMor Oeven when the other remain ***,the coordinated control of PMand Oshould not only focus on reducing high concentrations of PMand Osimultaneously.

关键词：活性氮转化途径 PM 驱动因素

Insight into the critical factors determining the particle number concentrations during summer at a megacity in China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2019年第1期31卷 169-180页

作者： Baoshuang Liu Xiaohui Bi Jiaying Zhang Jie Yuan Zhimei Xiao Qili Dai Yinchang Feng Yufen Zhang state environmental protection key laboratory of urban ambient air particulate matter pollution prevention and control & Center for urban transport emission research College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai University tianjin environmental Monitoring Center

To identify the critical factors impacting the number concentration of particles with the aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm(PNC_(2.5)), the continuous measurement of PNC_(2.5),chemical components in PM_(2.5), gaseous pollutants and meteorological conditions were conducted at an urban site in tianjin in June 2015. Results indicated that the average PNC_(2.5) was 2839 ± 2430 d N/dlog Dp 1/cm^3 during the campaign. Compared to other meteorological parameters, the relative humidity(RH) had the strongest relationship with PNC_(2.5), with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.53, and RH larger than 30% influenced strongly PNC_(2.5).The important influence of secondary reactions on PNC_(2.5) was inferred due to higher correlation coefficients between PNC_(2.5) and SO_4^(2-), NO_3^-, NH_4^+(r = 0.78–0.89; p particulate matter(r = 0.42–0.49; p emission and coal combustion might be major contributors to PNC_(2.5). Backward trajectory and potential source contribution function(PSCF) analysis suggested that the transport of air masses originated from these regions around tianjin(Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong and Jiangsu) influenced critically PNC_(2.5). The north of Jiangsu, the west of Shandong, and the east of Hebei were distinguished as major potential source-areas of PNC_(2.5) by PSCF model.

关键词： Particle number concentration Correlation analysis emission sources PSCF

New insights into the formation of ammonium nitrate from a physical and chemical level perspective

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第11期17卷 209-221页

作者： Yuting Wei Xiao Tian Junbo Huang Zaihua Wang Bo Huang Jinxing Liu Jie Gao Danni Liang Haofei Yu Yinchang Feng Guoliang Shi state environmental protection key laboratory of urban ambient air particulate matter pollution prevention and control Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission ResearchCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China CMA-NKU Cooperative laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health research(CLAER) College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Institute of Resources Utilization and Rare Earth Development Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China Guangzhou Hexin Instrument Co.Ltd. Guangzhou 510530China state key laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments Tianjin Key Laboratory of Air pollutants Monitoring TechnologySchool of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Gigantic Technology(tianjin)Co.Ltd. Tianjin 300384China Department of Civil Environmental and Construction EngineeringUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32816USA

High levels of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))is linked to poor air quality and premature deaths,so haze pollution deserves the attention of the *** abundant inorganic components in PM_(2.5),ammonium nitrate(NH_(4)NO_(3))formation includes two processes,the diffusion process(molecule of ammonia and nitric acid move from gas phase to liquid phase)and the ionization process(subsequent dissociation to form ions).In this study,we discuss the impact of meteorological factors,emission sources,and gaseous precursors on NH4NO3 formation based on thermodynamic theory,and identify the dominant factors during clean periods and haze *** show that aerosol liquid water content has a more significant effect on ammonium nitrate formation regardless of the severity of *** dust source is dominant emission source in clean periods;while a combination of coal combustion and vehicle exhaust sources is more important in haze *** the control of ammonia emission is more effective in reducing the formation of ammonium *** findings of this work inform the design of effective strategies to control particulate matter pollution.

关键词： Ammonium nitrate formation Thermodynamic theory Aerosol liquid water content Source apportionment

Influence of Exposure Pathways on Tissue Distribution and Health Impact of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives

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Environment & Health 2023年第3期1卷 150-167页

作者： Yu Zhang Qian Hu Jiaqi Fu Xinting Li Hongjun Mao Ting Wang tianjin key laboratory of urban transport emission research State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and ControlCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

The oxygen(OPAHs),nitro(NPAHs),hydroxyl(OH-PAHs),and alkylated(APAHs)derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAHs)are ubiquitous pollutants in the *** concentrations of NPAHs,OPAHs,OH-PAHs,and APAHs are lower than that of PAHs in the environment,but the carcinogenic abilities of the derivatives are usually 10 to 1,000-fold higher than that of parent *** are three main pathways for the exposure of polycyclic aromatic compounds to humans,including inhalation,direct contact,and *** exposure by inhalation,they are mainly distributed in the lungs,affecting lung function and causing inflammation,asthma,*** to the digestive system’s strong capacity for metabolism,intake of PAHs and the derivatives is primarily distributed in the digestive system and metabolized *** it may lead to dysplasia of these organs and even to *** skin is the primary site of direct contact with PAH *** derivatives can enter the bloodstream through all three contact pathways,thereby accumulating in various *** study aimed to summarize the influence of exposure pathways on tissue distribution and the health impact of PAH derivatives to provide references for future research and evaluation on public health.

关键词： PAH derivatives concentration tissue distribution exposure pathway health impact

Size distribution and chemical characteristics of particles from crop residue open burning in North China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2021年第11期33卷 66-76页

作者： Tingkun Li Qili Dai Xiaohui Bi Jianhui Wu Yufen Zhang Yinchang Feng state environmental protection key laboratory of urban ambient air particulate matter pollution prevention and control College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350China.

Crop residue open burning is an important emission source of ambient particles in *** study analyzed the particle emission characteristics of crop residue open burning through combustion experiments with a novel open combustion simulation device using three typical crop straws in north China(corn,wheat,and rice).Particle samples size ranging from 0.006–9.890μm were collected by an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor plus,a high size-resolution instrument capable of dividing particles into 14 size *** size distributions of organic carbon(OC),elemental carbon(EC),water-soluble ions,and elements were analyzed,and source chemical profiles were constructed for PM0.1,PM1,PM2.5,and *** number concentration of particles was concentrated in the Aiken nuclei mode(0.006–0.054μm),accounting for 75%of the total number,whereas the mass concentration was concentrated in the accumulation mode(0.054–0.949μm),accounting for 85.43%of the mass ***,EC,Cl−,and K(include total K and water-soluble K)were the major chemical components of the particles,whose mass percentage distributions differed from those of other *** fivemain components exhibited a bell-shaped size distribution in the 0.006–9.890μm range,whereas the other components exhibited a U-shaped *** the chemical profiles for PM0.1–PM10,OC was the most important component at 10–30%,followed by EC at 2%–8%.The proportions of K^(+),Cl^(−),and K varied substantially in different experimental groups,ranging from 0–15%,and K+and Cl−were significantly correlated(r=0.878,α=0.000).

关键词： Crop residue Open burning Size distribution Source profile Electrical Low Pressure Impactor plus(ELPI+)