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Review of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides:Extraction process,structural features, bioactivities and applications

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2025年第1期17卷 56-69页

作者： Hongyue Tian Lingzhuo An Pengwang Wang Xuemin Zhang Wenyuan Gao Xia Li tianjin key laboratory for Modern drug delivery & high-efficiency School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University key laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Resources Research Enterprises College of Pharmacy Qinghai Minzu University

Astragalus membranaceus possesses the function of enhancing immunity,protecting the liver,diuretic,anti-aging,anti-stress,anti-hypertensive,and more extensive antibacterial ***,one kind of the major active ingredients of ***,are considered to be responsible for their versatile ***,a systematic summary of research progress and prospects of polysaccharides from *** polysaccharides(AMPs) is necessary to facilitate their further study and *** this review,the optimal extraction methods,structural features,biological activities,and applications of AMPs were *** structure-activity relationships are also analyzed and ***,ultrasonic,microwave,enzyme-assisted,ultra-high pressure,and combined methods have been used to extract *** them,solvent extraction is the most commonly used method because it is simple and easy to operate,but the efficiency needs to be improved *** ultra-high pressure method is the most efficient but has a low economic *** exhibited various bioactivities,including immunomodulation,antitumor,and *** structure-activity relationships revealed that different structure configurations,chain conformations,and physical properties would have different ***,the new method for purification of certain polysaccharides,detailed structure-activity relationships(SAR),mechanisms of bioactivities,and quality control of AMPs need to be extensively investigated.

关键词： antidiabetic activity antitumor applications Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides extraction process immunomodulation structure-activity relationship

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Excellent high-temperature strength of(HfZrTiTaNb)C high-entropy carbide diffusion-bonded joint via in-situ alloying of Ni/Nb/Ni composite interlayer

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Journal of advanced Ceramics 2025年第1期14卷 127-133,136-139页

作者： Ruijie Mu Ying Wang Shiyu Niu Kongbo Sun Zhenwen Yang tianjin key laboratory of advanced Joining Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China key laboratory of advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology Ministry of EducationTianjin 300350China

To obtain high-entropy carbide(HEC)joints with excellent high-temperature performance,a(HfZrTiTaNb)C HEC joint featuring a direct diffusion-bonded interface with a Nb-based interlayer was successfully fabricated at relatively low temperatures of 1150–1250℃for 60 min under 10 *** from a modified Ni/Nb/Ni composite interlayer with a Nb content of>64 at%,an alloyed Nb2Ni layer was constructed in situ by accelerating the directional diffusion of Ni atoms from the high-entropy interface into the remaining pure Nb through the Ni‒Nb eutectic ***,the excess liquid phase was squeezed out of the bonding region,ensuring the absence of Ni-based *** the intrinsic interfacial stability and sluggish diffusion effect,the HEC with its original lattice structure,was capable of developing diffusion bonding with the Nb2Ni layer instead of interacting with the liquid *** high reliability of the HEC/Nb2Ni bonded interface was confirmed by the coherence of(11¯3)HEC//(141)Nb2Ni and a calculated lattice misfit of *** HEC joint had a high room-temperature strength of 174 MPa because of the homogenous Nb2Ni layer,which exhibited nanohardness(15.2±1.5 GPa)and an elastic modulus of 219.9±17.5 ***,the strength of the HEC joint did not decrease at 1000℃,increasing by~49%over that of HEC/Ni/HEC diffusion-bonded joints,which have stringent surface flatness *** suggested that the HEC/Nb2Ni interface had excellent resistance to high-temperature softening,even though it was invariably the initial failure *** work is informative for designing bonding structures and preparing HEC components.

关键词： high-entropyceramic diffusionbonding insitualloyed interlayer mechanical properties

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Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy: electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy and new technologies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 917-935页

作者： Dian Jiao Lai Xu Zhen Gu Hua Yan Dingding Shen Xiaosong Gu Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina key laboratory of advanced drug delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University NantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

Epilepsy is a severe,relapsing,and multifactorial neurological *** regarding the accurate diagnosis,prognosis,and in-depth pathogenesis are crucial for the precise and effective treatment of *** pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex and involves alterations in variables such as gene expression,protein expression,ion channel activity,energy metabolites,and gut microbiota *** results are lacking for conventional treatments for *** resection of lesions,drug therapy,and non-drug interventions are mainly used in clinical practice to treat pain associated with ***-pharmacological treatments,such as a ketogenic diet,gene therapy for nerve regeneration,and neural regulation,are currently areas of research *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis,diagnostic methods,and treatments of *** also elaborates on the theoretical basis,treatment modes,and effects of invasive nerve stimulation in neurotherapy,including percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation,deep brain electrical stimulation,repetitive nerve electrical stimulation,in addition to non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current *** studies have shown that electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy can markedly improve neurological function and reduce the frequency of epileptic ***,many new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy are being ***,current research is mainly focused on analyzing patients’clinical manifestations and exploring relevant diagnostic and treatment methods to study the pathogenesis at a molecular level,which has led to a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms related to the disease.

关键词： diagnosis drug treatment electroencephalography epilepsy monitoring epilepsy nerve regeneration neurostimulation non-drug interventions pathogenesis prediction

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Metal nanoparticles decorated CoFe-(oxy)hydroxysulfides nanosheets fabricated by a general strategy for electrocatalytic water splitting

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 26-38页

作者： Xiaodong Yang Haochen Shen Xiaoming Xiao Zhichao Li Qi Zhou Wei Yang Bin Jiang Yongli Sun Luhong Zhang Zhenhua Yan School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China key laboratory of advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

This study presents a novel method to fabricate metal-decorated,sulfur-doped layered double hydroxides(M/SLDH)through spontaneous redox and sulfurization *** developed Ag/SLDH and Pt/SLDH catalysts with abundant heterogeneous interfaces and hierarchical nanostructures demonstrated outstanding oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)performance,achieving low overpotentials of 212 and 35 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)in 1 M KOH,*** both anode and cathode in water splitting,they required only 1.47 V to reach 10 mA cm^(-2)and exhibited high structural robustness,maintaining stability at 1000 mA cm^(-2)for 300 ***-situ Raman analysis revealed that the synergistic effects of metal nanoparticles and S doping significantly promote the transformation into the S-Co1-xFexOOH layer,which serves as the active phase for water ***,ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS)and density functional theory(DFT)analyses indicated that incorporating metal nanoparticles and S doping increase electron density near the Fermi level and reduce reaction energy barriers,thus enhancing intrinsic OER and HER *** study provides a scalable strategy for synthesizing high-performance electrocatalysts for water splitting,with promising potential for broader applications.

关键词： LDH Spontaneous reaction Metal nanoparticles Water splitting

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In situ construction of Cu(Ⅰ)-Cu(Ⅱ) pairs for efficient electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction to ammonia

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 106-113页

作者： Muyun Zheng Yuchi Wan Leping Yang Shen Ao Wangyang Fu Zhengjun Zhang Zheng-Hong Huang Tao Ling Feiyu Kang Ruitao Lv State key laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of New Energy Materials and Engineering School of Materials Science and EngineeringFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108FujianChina key laboratory of advanced Materials(MOE) School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China key laboratory for advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO_(3)-RR) to ammonia under ambient conditions is expected to be a green process for ammonia synthesis and alleviate water pollution *** report a CuO nanoparticles incorporated on nitrogen-doped porous carbon (CuO@NC) catalyst for NO_(3)-*** of Cu(Ⅱ) is reduced to Cu(Ⅰ) during the NO_(3)-RR process to construct Cu(Ⅰ)-Cu(Ⅱ) pairs,confirmed by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman *** functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the formation of Cu(Ⅰ) could provide a reaction path with smaller energy barrier for NO_(3)-RR,while Cu(Ⅱ) effectively suppressed the competition of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).As a result,CuO@NC catalyst achieved a Faradaic efficiency of 84.2% at -0.49 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE),and a NH_(3)yield rate of 17.2 mg h^(-1)mg^(-1)*** -0.79 V ***,higher than the HaberBosch process (<3.4 g h^(-1)g^(-1)cat.).This work may open a new avenue for effective NO_(3)-RR by modulating oxidation states.

关键词： Ammonia synthesis Cu oxidation state Electrochemistry Nitrate reduction In situ XPS

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Effect of surface species on the alcohol-acid adsorption from FTS wastewater on graphene:A structure-capacity study

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第3期149卷 651-662页

作者： Xiao Liu Xiaolong Zhang Chunyu Geng Qinglan Hao Jie Chang Xin Hu Yongwang Li Botao Teng tianjin key laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization College of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceTianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin 300457China State key laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer MaterialsCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids Synfuels China Co.Ltd.Beijing 101407China Institute of Sustainability of Chemical Energy and EnvironmentAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research627833Singapore key laboratory of the Ministry of Education for advanced Catalysis Materials Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS)wastewater retaining low-carbon alcohols and acids are organic pollutants as a limiting factor for FTS *** this work,the structurecapacity relationships between alcohol-acid adsorption and surface species on graphene were reported,shedding light into their intricate *** graphene oxide(GO)and reduced graphene oxide(rGO)were synthesized via improved Hummers method with flake graphite(G).The physicochemical properties of samples were characterized via SEM,XRD,XPS,FT-IR,and *** alcohol-acid adsorption behaviors and adsorption quantities on G,GO,and rGO weremeasured via theoretical and *** was revealed that the presence of COOH,C=O and C–O species on graphene occupy the adsorption sites and increase the interactions of water with graphene,which are unfavorable for alcoholacid *** equilibrium adsorption quantities of alcohols and acids grow in pace with carbon *** monolayer adsorption occurs on graphene was verified viamodel *** has the highest FTS modeling wastewater adsorption quantity(110 mg/g)due to the reduction of oxygen *** novel findings provide a foundation for the alcoholacid wastewater treatment,as well as the design and development of high-performance carbon-based adsorbent materials.

关键词： Alcohol-acid adsorption Fischer-Tropsch synthesis wastewater Graphene Surface species Density functional theory

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Synergistically S/N self-doped biochar as a green bifunctional cathode catalyst in electrochemical degradation of organic pollutant

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Green Energy & Environment 2025年第1期10卷 214-230页

作者： Xuechun Wang Huizhong Wu Jiana Jing Ge Song Xuyang Zhang Minghua Zhou Raf Dewil key laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria Ministry of EducationCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350China tianjin key laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution Nankai UniversityTianjin300350China tianjin advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin300350China Department of Chemical Engineering KU LeuvenJ.De Nayerlaan 5Sint-Katelijne-Waver B2860Belgium

Biomass-derived heteroatom self-doped cathode catalysts has attracted considerable interest for electrochemical advanced oxidation processes(EAOPs)due to its high performance and sustainable ***,we illustrated the morphological fates of waste leaf-derived graphitic carbon(WLGC)produced from waste ginkgo leaves via pyrolysis temperature regulation and used as bifunctional cathode catalyst for simultaneous H_(2)O_(2) electrochemical generation and organic pollutant degradation,discovering S/N-self-doping shown to facilitate a synergistic effect on reactive oxygen species(ROS)*** the optimum temperature of 800℃,the WLGC exhibited a H_(2)O_(2) selectivity of 94.2%and tetracycline removal of 99.3%within 60 *** functional theory calculations and in-situ Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy verified that graphitic N was the critical site for H_(2)O_(2) *** pyridinic N and thiophene S were the main active sites responsible for OH generation,N vacancies were the active sites to produce ^(1)O_(2) from O_(2).The performance of the novel cathode for tetracycline degradation remains well under a wide pH range(3–11),maintaining excellent stability in 10 *** is also industrially applicable,achieving satisfactory performance treating in real water *** system facilitates both radical and non-radical degradation,offering valuable advances in the preparation of cost-effective and sustainable electrocatalysts and hold strong potentials in metal-free EAOPs for organic pollutant degradation.

关键词： Biochar S and N self-doping H_(2)O_(2)production In-situ FTIR Metal-free electrochemical advanced oxidation processes

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Polarization variable terahertz metasurface along the propagation path

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Fundamental Research 2025年第1期5卷 124-131页

作者： Jitao Li Jingyu Liu Zhen Yue Jie Li Chenglong Zheng Fan Yang Hui Li Yating Zhang Yan Zhang Jianquan Yao key laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology(tianjin University) Ministry of EducationSchool of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Beijing key laboratory for Metamaterials and Devices Key Laboratory of Terahertz OptoelectronicsMinistry of Educationand Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging TechnologyDepartment of PhysicsCapital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China

Conventional metasurfaces for terahertz polarization are limited to performing lateral(in the x-y plane)polarization control of the output *** such cases,the polarization state remains unchanged in each output plane along the propagation ***,we propose a terahertz polarization metasurface that operates longitudinally(i.e.,along the z-axis direction of propagation),which modifies the polarization state of each output plane throughout the propagation *** designed metasurface can control the phase delays of the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized(LCP and RCP)components of the incident terahertz *** enables the LCP beam and RCP beam to converge to the z-axis through distinct paths,creating a Bessel *** proposed design achieved a linearly polarized terahertz wave including both LCP and RCP components with a precise phase differenceΔφat each point within a certain range along the ***Δφvaries as the propagation distance,resulting in a rotated linearly polarized output wave along the propagation path,while the rotation angle ranges from 0 toπ.Based on the variable property of longitudinal polarization,we propose an application concept of dielectric refractive index sensing,in which an additional medium is placed in the terahertz propagation path and the unknown refractive index is determined by detecting the rotation angle of the output polarization ***,the device might find potential applications in variable media excitation,terahertz communication,and terahertz radar ranging.

关键词： Terahertz Metasurface Propagation path Polarization manipulation Longitudinal polarization Refractive index sensing

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Forming limit and failure behavior of fiber metal laminates under low-constraint conditions

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第1期38卷 638-653页

作者： Yao WANG Feng DING Yong LI Yunhua ZHANG Sifa ZHENG Libin ZHAO Ning HU School of Mechanical Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300401China Suzhou Automotive Research Institute(Xiangcheng) Tsinghua UniversitySuzhou 215134China State key laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence Electrical Equipment Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300130China School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Henan Benjie Technology Co. Ltd.Zhengzhou 450003China key laboratory of advanced Intelligent Protective Equipment Technology Ministry of EducationTianjin 300401China key laboratory of Hebei Province on Scale-span Intelligent Equipment Technology Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300401China

Fiber Metal Laminates(FMLs),as high-performance composite materials,demonstrate exceptional potential in a wide range of applications,such as aeronautical and astronautical ***,the traditional cured FMLs possess complex interlayer stresses and low forming limits,restricting further promotion and application of ***-constraint FMLs exhibit a lower forming resistance and better formability due to no curing during the forming process;however,the formation mechanism and response are not *** paper presents the Forming Limit Diagram(FLD)of low-constraint GLARE(glass fiber reinforced aluminum laminates)based on the forming limit test,and compares it with the conventionally cured laminates to evaluate the differences in the forming *** addition,combined with the analysis of failure mechanism and micro-deformation mechanism of specimens,the influence of different temperatures(20–80℃)and forming states(width)on the deformation performance of laminates is further *** results reveal that the forming limit curve of low-constraint laminates shifts up with the increase of temperature,the forming limit initially increases with the increase of width,then followed by a gradual decrease,and the maximum principal strain of low-constraint laminates is increased by 29% at 80℃ compared to 20℃.The cured laminate has a principal strain range of 0–0.02,while the low-constraint laminates have a principal strain range of 0.03–*** with cured laminates,low-constraint laminates possess a higher forming limit due to the improvement in deformable degree between layers by resin flow and fiber slippage,which enhances their *** study is expected to serve as a reference for establishing forming limit criteria and optimizing forming schemes for low-constraint laminates.

关键词： Fiber Metal Laminates(FMLs) GLARE Low-constraint state Forming limit Failure mechanism

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Adjusting *CO adsorption configuration over tandem trimetallic AuAgCu heterojunction boosts CO_(2) electroreduction to ethanol via asymmetric C–C coupling

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Science China Materials 2025年第1期68卷 173-179页

作者： Yongxia Shi Junjun Li Zhiwen Min Xinyi Wang Man Hou Hao Ma Zechao Zhuang Yuchen Qin Yuanmiao Sun Dingsheng Wang Zhicheng Zhang key laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuit Ministry of Education&Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesDepartment of ChemistrySchool of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China Department of Chemistry Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China College of Sciences Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450000China

Rationally modulating the adsorption configuration of the key*CO intermediate could facilitate carbon±carbon(C±C)coupling to generate multi-carbon products in the electrochemical CO_(2) reduction *** this work,theoretical calculations reveal that C±C coupling via atopadsorbed*CHO and hollow-adsorbed*CO over Cu sites is an energetically favorable *** a proof of concept,a tandem trimetallic AuAgCu heterojunction(Au@Ag/Cu)was prepared,where the atop-adsorbed*CO over Au@Ag sites could migrate to Cu sites with hollow adsorption configuration,and then the asymmetric C±C coupling via transferred hollow-adsorbed*CO and existed atop-adsorbed*CHO over Cu sites facilitates the formation of the ethanol product,exhibiting a maximum Faraday efficiency of 65.9%at a low potential of−0.3 V *** hydrogen *** work provides new insights into the intrinsic understanding of tandem catalysis by regulating adsorption configuration of the intermediate products.

关键词： CO_(2)electroreduction C–C coupling tandem catalysis adsorption configuration ethanol

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