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Detection of astrophysical gravitational wave sources by tianqin and LISA

Science China(physics,Mechanics & astronomy) 2024年第5期67卷 123-163页

作者： Alejandro Torres-Orjuela Shun-Jia Huang Zheng-Cheng Liang Shuai Liu Hai-tian Wang Chang-qing Ye Yi-Ming Hu Jianwei Mei MOE Key Laboratory of tian qin Mission Tian Qin Research Center for Gravitational PhysicsSchool of Physics and AstronomyFrontiers Science Center for Tian QinGravitational Wave Research Center of CNSASun Yat-Sen University(Zhuhai Campus)Zhuhai 519082China Department of physics The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Kavli Institute for astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing100871China

tianqin and LISA are space-based laser interferometer gravitational wave(GW)detectors planned to be launched in the mid-2030s.Both detectors will detect low-frequency GWs around 10^(-2)Hz;however,tian qin is more sensitive to frequencies above this common sweet-spot while LISA is more sensitive to frequencies below 10^(-2)Hz.Therefore,tian qin and LISA will be able to detect the same sources but with different accuracy depending on the source and its parameters.We consider some of the most important astrophysical sources—massive black hole binaries,stellar-mass black hole binaries,double white dwarfs,extreme mass ratio inspirals,light and heavy intermediate mass ratio inspirals,as well as the stochastic gravitational background of astrophysical origin—that tian qin and LISA will be able to detect.For each of these sources,we analyze how far they can be detected(detection distance)and how well their parameters can be measured(detection accuracy)using a Fisher Matrix analysis.We compare the results obtained by the three detection scenarios(tian qin alone,LISA alone,and joint detection by LISA and tian qin)highlighting the gains from joint detection as well as the contribution of tian qin and LISA to a combined study of astrophysical sources.In particular,we consider the different orientations,lifetimes,and duty cycles of the two detectors to explore how they can give a more complete picture when working together.

关键词： wave extreme stochastic

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Near real-time gravitational wave data analysis of the massive black hole binary with tianqin

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & astronomy) 2024年第7期67卷 175-186页

作者： Hong-Yu Chen Xiang-Yu Lyu En-Kun Li Yi-Ming Hu MOE Key Laboratory of tianqin Mission TianQin Research Center for Gravitational Physics&School of Physics and AstronomyFrontiers Science Center for TianQinGravitational Wave Research Center of CNSASun Yat-sen University(Zhuhai Campus)Zhuhai 519082China

Space-borne gravitational wave(GW)detectors can detect the merger of massive black holes.The early warning and localization of GW events before merging can be used to inform electromagnetic telescopes and conduct multimessenger observations.However,this requires real-time data transmission and analysis capabilities.The geocentric orbit of the space-borne GW detector tian qin makes it possible to conduct real-time data transmission.In this study,we develop a search and localization pipeline for massive black hole binaries(MBHBs)with tian qin under both regular and real-time data transmission modes.We demonstrate that,with real-time data transmission,MBHBs can be accurately localized on the fly.With the approaching merger,each analysis can be finished in only 40 min.For an MBHB system at a distance of 1 Gpc,if we receive data every hour,then we can pinpoint its location to within less than 1 deg^(2)on the final day before the merger.

关键词： gravitational wave detectors and experiments black holes data analysis algorithms and implementation data management

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Optimization of performance of the KM2A full array using the Crab Nebula

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Chinese physics C 2024年第6期48卷 169-178页

作者：曹臻 F.Aharonian 安琪阿西克古白云翔包逸炜 D.Bastieri 毕效军毕玉江蔡金庭曹晴曹文羽曹喆常进常劲帆陈尚明陈恩生陈亮陈林陈龙陈明君陈玛丽陈起辉陈素弘陈天禄陈阳程宁程耀东崔明阳崔树旺崔晓红崔昱东戴本忠代洪亮戴子高单增罗布 D.della Volpe 董绪强段凯凯樊军辉范一中方军方堃冯存峰封莉冯少辉丰晓婷冯有亮 S.Gabici 高博高川东高林青高启高卫高伟康葛茂茂耿利斯 G.Giacinti 龚光华苟全补顾旻皓郭福来郭晓磊郭义庆郭莹莹韩毅昂何会海贺昊宁何佳银何新波何钰 M.Heller 贺远强侯博文侯超侯贤胡红波胡铨胡世聪黄代绘黄天奇黄文俊黄性涛黄晓渊黄勇黄志成季筱璐贾焕玉贾康江琨姜晓巍姜泽军金敏康明铭柯通 D.Kuleshov.K.Kurinov 李兵兵李澄李骢李丹李飞李海波李会财李华阳李军李剑李捷李凯李文龙李文莲李秀荣李昕李一卓李哲黎卓梁恩维梁云峰林苏杰刘冰刘成刘栋刘虎刘海东刘佳刘江来刘金艳刘茂元柳若愚刘四明刘伟刘怡刘以农鲁睿罗晴吕洪魁马伯强马玲玲马欣华毛基荣闵振 W.Mitthumsiri 穆慧君南云程 A.Neronov 区子维庞彬宇 P.Pattarakijwanich 裴致远齐孟尧祁业情乔冰强秦家军 D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz D.Semikoz 邵澄宇邵琅 O.Shchegolev 盛祥东舒富文宋慧超 Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov 苏扬孙秦宁孙晓娜孙志斌谭柏轩唐庆文唐泽波田文武王超王昌贝王广威王洪光王惠惠王建成汪凯王利苹王玲玉王培汉王冉王为王祥高王祥玉王阳王玉东王岩谨王忠海王仲翔王振王铮韦大明魏俊杰魏永健文韬吴超勇吴含荣武莎吴雪峰吴雨生席邵强夏捷夏君集项光漫肖迪泫肖刚辛广广辛玉良邢祎熊峥徐东莲徐仁峰徐仁新徐伟立薛良闫大海颜景志颜田杨朝文杨帆杨冯帆杨何文杨佳盈杨莉莉杨明洁杨睿智杨深邦姚玉华姚志国叶一锰尹丽巧尹娜游晓浩游智勇于艳红袁强岳华曾厚敦曾婷轩曾玮查敏张彬彬张丰张海明张恒英张建立张丽霞张力张鹏飞张佩佩张瑞张少博张少如张寿山张潇张笑鹏张云峰张毅张勇赵兵赵静赵雷赵立志赵世平郑福周斌周浩周佳能周猛周平周荣周勋秀祝成光祝凤荣朱辉朱科军左雄 LHAASO Collaboration Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental physics Division&Computing center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China tianfu Cosmic Ray research center Chengdu 610000China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2 DublinIreland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear physics P.O.Box 10398069029 HeidelbergGermany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China school of Physical Science and Technology&school of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China school of astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space astronomy&Key Laboratory of Radio astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&school of physics and astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory for research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000TibetChina National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China school of physics and astronomy(Zhuhai)&school of physics(Guangzhou)&Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000&Guangzhou 510275China school of physics and astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Facultéde SciencesUniversitéde Genève24 Quai Ernest Ansermet1211 GenevaSwitzerland Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China APC Universit'e Paris Cit'eCNRS/IN2P3CEA/IRFUObservat

The full array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)has been in operation since July 2021.For its kilometer-square array(KM2A),we optimized the selection criteria for very high and ultrahigh energyγ-rays using data collected from August 2021 to August 2022,resulting in an improvement in significance of the detection in the Crab Nebula of approximately 15%,compared with that of previous cuts.With the implementation of these new selection criteria,the angular resolution was also significantly improved by approximately 10%at tens of TeV.Other aspects of the full KM2A array performance,such as the pointing error,were also calibrated using the Crab Nebula.The resulting energy spectrum of the Crab Nebula in the energy range of 10-1000 TeV are well fitted by a log-parabola model,which is consistent with the previous results from LHAASO and other experiments.

关键词： γ-ray Crab Nebula significance

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Constraining the Hubble constant to a precision of about 1% using multi-band dark standard siren detections

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & astronomy) 2022年第5期65卷 114-140页

作者： Liang-Gui Zhu Ling-Hua Xie Yi-Ming Hu Shuai Liu En-Kun Li Nicola R.Napolitano Bai-tian Tang Jian-Dong Zhang Jianwei Mei school of physics and astronomy Sun Yat-sen University(Zhuhai Campus)Zhuhai 519082China MOE Key Laboratory of tian qin Mission Tian Qin Research Center for Gravitational PhysicsFrontiers Science Center for Tian QinCNSA Research Center for Gravitational WavesSun Yat-sen University(Zhuhai Campus)Zhuhai 519082China

gravitational wave signal from the inspiral of stellar-mass binary black hole can be used as standard sirens to perform cosmological inference.This inspiral covers a wide range of frequency bands,from the millihertz band to the audio-band,allowing for detections by both space-borne and ground-based gravitational wave detectors.In this work,we conduct a comprehensive study on the ability to constrain the Hubble constant using the dark standard sirens,or gravitational wave events that lack electromagnetic counterparts.To acquire the redshift information,we weight the galaxies within the localization error box with photometric information from several bands and use them as a proxy for the binary black hole redshift.We discover that tian qin is expected to constrain the Hubble constant to a precision of roughly 30%through detections of 10 gravitational wave events;in the most optimistic case,the Hubble constant can be constrained to a precision oftian qin I+II.In the optimistic case,the multi-detector network of tian qin and LISA is capable of constraining the Hubble constant to within 5%precision.It is worth highlighting that the multi-band network of tian qin and Einstein Telescope is capable of constraining the Hubble constant to a precision of about 1%.We conclude that inferring the Hubble constant without bias from photo-z galaxy catalog is achievable,and we also demonstrate self-consistency using the P-P plot.On the other hand,high-quality spectroscopic redshift information is crucial for improving the estimation precision of Hubble constant.

关键词： gravitational wave standard siren Hubble constant stellar-mass binary black hole photometric luminosity multi-band gravitational wave detection

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Type I critical dynamical scalarization and descalarization in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & astronomy) 2024年

作者： Jia-Yan Jiang Qian Chen Yunqi Liu Yu tian Wei Xiong Cheng-Yong Zhang Bin Wang center for Gravitation and Cosmology College of Physical Science and Technology Yangzhou University Department of physics and Siyuan Laboratory Jinan University school of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Theoretical physics Chinese Academy of Sciences school of physics and Optoelectronics South China University of Technology school of Aeronautics and Astronautics Shanghai Jiao Tong University

We investigated the critical dynamical scalarization and descalarization of black holes within the framework of the EinsteinMaxwell-scalar theory featuring higher-order coupling functions. Both the critical scalarization and descalarization displayed first-order phase transitions. When examining the nonlinear dynamics near the threshold, we always observed critical solutions that are linearly unstable static scalarized black holes. The critical dynamical scalarization and descalarization share certain similarities with the type I critical gravitational collapse. However, their initial configurations, critical solutions, and final outcomes differ significantly. To provide further insights into the dynamical results, we conducted a comparative analysis involving static solutions and perturbative analysis.

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由超拍电子伏特加速器产生的超高能伽马射线气泡

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Science Bulletin 2024年第4期69卷 449-457页

作者： LHAASO Collaboration Zhen Cao Chuandong Gao Cong Li Ruo-Yu Liu Ruizhi Yang 不详 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental physics Division&Computing center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China tianFU Cosmic Ray research center ChengduChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China school of astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China

We report the detection of aγ-ray bubble spanning at least 100deg2 in ultra-high energy(UHE)up to a few PeV in the direction of the star-forming region Cygnus X,implying the presence super PeVatron(s)accelerating protons to at least 10 PeV.A log-parabola form with the photon indexΓ(E)=(2.71±0.02)+(0.11±0.02)×log10(E/10 TeV)is found fitting the gamma-ray energy spectrum of the bubble well.UHE sources,“hot spots”correlated with very massive molecular clouds,and a quasi-spherical amorphousγ-ray emitter with a sharp central brightening are observed in the bubble.In the core of~0.5°,spatially associating with a region containing massive OB association(Cygnus OB2)and a microquasar(Cygnus X-3),as well as previously reported multi-TeV sources,an enhanced concentration of UHEγ-rays is observed with 2 photons at energies above 1 PeV.The general feature of the bubble,the morphology,and the energy spectrum,are reasonably reproduced by the assumption of a particle accelerator in the core,continuously injecting protons into the ambient medium.

关键词： Cosmic rays γ-rays Interstellar medium Star cluster

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TypeⅠcritical dynamical scalarization and descalarization in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & astronomy) 2024年第2期67卷 40-58页

作者： Jia-Yan Jiang Qian Chen Yunqi Liu Yu tian Wei Xiong Cheng-Yong Zhang Bin Wang Department of physics and Siyuan Laboratory Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China school of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China center for Gravitation and Cosmology College of Physical Science and TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Institute of Theoretical physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China school of physics and Optoelectronics South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China school of Aeronautics and Astronautics Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

We investigated the critical dynamical scalarization and descalarization of black holes within the framework of the EinsteinMaxwell-scalar theory featuring higher-order coupling functions.Both the critical scalarization and descalarization displayed first-order phase transitions.When examining the nonlinear dynamics near the threshold,we always observed critical solutions that are linearly unstable static scalarized black holes.The critical dynamical scalarization and descalarization share certain similarities with the typeⅠcritical gravitational collapse.However,their initial configurations,critical solutions,and final outcomes differ significantly.To provide further insights into the dynamical results,we conducted a comparative analysis involving static solutions and perturbative analysis.

关键词： black hole(de)scalarization dynamical critical behavior attractor

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Precision measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant

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National Science Review 2020年第12期7卷 1803-1817页

作者： Chao Xue Jian-Ping Liu qing Li Jun-Fei Wu Shan-qing Yang Qi Liu Cheng-Gang Shao Liang-Cheng Tu Zhong-Kun Hu Jun Luo tian qin research center for gravitational physics & school of physics and astronomy Sun Yat-sen University(Zhuhai Campus) MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement & Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum physics PGMF and School of PhysicsHuazhong University of Science and Technology

The Newtonian gravitational constant G,which is one of the most important fundamental physical constants in nature,plays a significant role in the fields of theoretical physics,geophysics,astrophysics and astronomy.Although G was the first physical constant to be introduced in the history of science,it is considered to be one of the most difficult to measure accurately so far.Over the past two decades,eleven precision measurements of the gravitational constant have been performed,and the latest recommended value for G published by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology(CODATA) is(6.674 08 ±0.000 31) × 10m~3 kgswith a relative uncertainty of 47 parts per million.This uncertainty is the smallest compared with previous CODATA recommended values of G;however,it remains a relatively large uncertainty among other fundamental physical constants.In this paper we briefly review the history of the G measurement,and introduce eleven values of G adopted in CODATA 2014 after 2000 and our latest two values published in 2018 using two independent methods.

关键词： precision measurement Newtonian gravitational constant CODATA

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Penumbra lunar eclipse observations reveal anomalous thermal performance of Lunakhod 2 reflectors

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Chinese physics B 2022年第5期31卷 212-218页

作者：高添泉张才士赵宏超周立祥吴先霖叶贤基李明 MOE Key Laboratory of tianqin Mission TianQin Research Center for Gravitational Physics&School of Physics and AstronomyFrontiers Science Center for TianQinCNSA Research Center for Gravitational WavesSun Yat-sen University(Zhuhai Campus)Zhuhai 519082China

As the signal reflected by the corner-cube reflector arrays is very weak and easily submerged during the full moon,we analyze the influence of the thermal effect of corner-cube reflector arrays on the intensity of lunar laser ranging echo.Laser ranging measurements during the penumbra lunar eclipse verify suspected thermal deformation in the Lunakhod 2 reflectors.Signal levels vary over two orders of magnitude as the penumbra eclipse progresses.This can be explained by the change in the dihedral angle of the corner-cube reflectors caused by the temperature.The results show that when the dihedral angle errors reach 1,the energy is reduced by 100 times compared with the ideal corner-cube reflector.In the experiment,our findings suggest that when the corner-cube reflector arrays enter the penumbra of the earth,the effective echo signal level which reaches 0.18 photons/s far exceeds the historical level of the full moon.However,11 minutes after the penumbra lunar eclipse,the effective echo rate of Lunakhod 2 will drop two orders of magnitude.The mechanism can explain the acute signal deficit observed at full moon.

关键词： lunar laser ranging corner-cube reflector arrays dihedral angle errors penumbra lunar eclipse

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Critical scalarization and descalarization of black holes in a generalized scalar-tensor theory

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & astronomy) 2023年第10期66卷 44-52页

作者： Yunqi Liu Cheng-Yong Zhang Qian Chen Zhoujian Cao Yu tian Bin Wang center for Gravitation and Cosmology College of Physical Science and TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Department of physics and Siyuan Laboratory Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China school of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of astronomy Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China school of Fundamental physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China Institute of Theoretical physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Shanghai Frontier Science center for gravitational Wave Detection Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

We study the critical dynamics in scalarization and descalarization in the fully nonlinear dynamical evolution in the class of theories with a scalar field coupling with both Gauss-Bonnet(GB) invariant and Ricci scalar. We explore the manner in which the GB term triggers black hole(BH) scalarization. A typical type Ⅰ critical phenomenon is observed, in which an unstable critical solution emerges at the threshold and acts as an attractor in the dynamical scalarization. For the descalarization, we reveal that a marginally stable attractor exists at the threshold of the first-order phase transition in shedding off BH hair. This is a new type Ⅰ critical phenomenon in the BH phase transition. Implications of these findings are discussed from the perspective of thermodynamic properties and perturbations for static solutions. We examine the effect of scalar-Ricci coupling on the hyperbolicity in the fully nonlinear evolution and observe that such coupling can suppress the elliptic region and enlarge parameter space in computations.

关键词： black hole(de)scalarization dynamical critical behavior marginally attractor

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