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Global Energy Interconnection 2024年第3期7卷 324-335页

作者： Chen Wang Guozheng Peng Rui Song Jun Zhang Li Yan China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100192P.R.China Information&telecommunications company State Grid Shandong Electric Power CompanyJinan 250001P.R.China

Achieving a balance between accuracy and efficiency in target detection applications is an important research *** detect abnormal targets on power transmission lines at the power edge,this paper proposes an effective method for reducing the data bit width of the network for floating-point *** performing exponent prealignment and mantissa shifting operations,this method avoids the frequent alignment operations of standard floating-point data,thereby further reducing the exponent and mantissa bit width input into the training *** enables training low-data-bit width models with low hardware-resource consumption while maintaining *** tests were conducted on a dataset of real-world images of abnormal targets on transmission *** results indicate that while maintaining accuracy at a basic level,the proposed method can significantly reduce the data bit width compared with single-precision *** suggests that the proposed method has a marked ability to enhance the real-time detection of abnormal targets in transmission ***,a qualitative analysis indicated that the proposed quantization method is particularly suitable for hardware architectures that integrate storage and computation and exhibit good transferability.

关键词： Power edge Data format Quantification Compute-in-memory

E2E-MFERC:AMulti-Face Expression Recognition Model for Group Emotion Assessment

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1105-1135页

作者： Lin Wang Juan Zhao Hu Song Xiaolong Xu Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Security&Intelligent Processing Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing210042China School of Network Security Jinling Institute of TechnologyNanjing211169China State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power company Limited Nanjing210000China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing210042China

In smart classrooms, conducting multi-face expression recognition based on existing hardware devices to assessstudents’ group emotions can provide educators with more comprehensive and intuitive classroom effect analysis,thereby continuouslypromotingthe improvementof teaching ***,most existingmulti-face expressionrecognition methods adopt a multi-stage approach, with an overall complex process, poor real-time performance,and insufficient generalization ability. In addition, the existing facial expression datasets are mostly single faceimages, which are of low quality and lack specificity, also restricting the development of this research. This paperaims to propose an end-to-end high-performance multi-face expression recognition algorithm model suitable forsmart classrooms, construct a high-quality multi-face expression dataset to support algorithm research, and applythe model to group emotion assessment to expand its application value. To this end, we propose an end-to-endmulti-face expression recognition algorithm model for smart classrooms (E2E-MFERC). In order to provide highqualityand highly targeted data support for model research, we constructed a multi-face expression dataset inreal classrooms (MFED), containing 2,385 images and a total of 18,712 expression labels, collected from smartclassrooms. In constructing E2E-MFERC, by introducing Re-parameterization visual geometry group (RepVGG)block and symmetric positive definite convolution (SPD-Conv) modules to enhance representational capability;combined with the cross stage partial network fusion module optimized by attention mechanism (C2f_Attention),it strengthens the ability to extract key information;adopts asymptotic feature pyramid network (AFPN) featurefusion tailored to classroomscenes and optimizes the head prediction output size;achieves high-performance endto-end multi-face expression detection. Finally, we apply the model to smart classroom group emotion assessmentand provide design refe

关键词： Multi-face expression recognition smart classroom end-to-end detection group emotion assessment

Design of digital calibration based on variable step size of sub-binary SAR ADC

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and telecommunications 2024年第2期31卷 62-71页

作者： Liu Wei Zhao Yanke Shang Shiguang School of Electronic Engineering Xi'an University of Posts and TelecommunicationsXi'an 710121China

Addressing the impact of capacitor mismatch on the conversion accuracy of successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter(SAR ADC),a 12-bit 1 MS/s sub-binary SAR ADC designed using variable step size digital calibration was *** least mean square(LMS)calibration algorithm was employed with a ramp signal used as the calibration *** errors,extracted under injected disturbances,underwent iterative training to optimize weight *** address the trade-off between conversion accuracy and speed caused by a fixed step size,a novel variable step size algorithm tailored for SAR ADC calibration was *** core circuit and layout of the SAR ADC were implemented using the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing company(TSMC)0.35μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)commercial *** of the SAR ADC calibration algorithm was conducted using Simulink,demonstrating quick convergence and meeting conversion accuracy requirements compared to fixed step size *** results indicated that the convergence speed of the LMS digital calibration algorithm with variable step size was approximately eight times faster than that with a fixed step size,also yielding a lower mean square error(MSE).After calibration,the simulation results for the SAR ADC exhibited an effective number of bit(ENOB)of 11.79 bit and a signal-to-noise and distortion ratio(SNDR)of 72.72 dB,signifying a notable enhancement in the SAR ADC performance.

关键词： successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter(SAR ADC) variable step size digital calibration disturbance technique

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Naive-LSTM enabled service identification of edge computing in power internet of things

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and telecommunications 2024年

作者： Bai Huifeng Huo Chao Zhang Ganghong Yin Zhibin Beijing SmartChip Microelectronics Technology company Limited

Great challenges and demands are presented by increasing edge computing services for current Power Internet of Things (Power IoT) to deal with serious diversity and complexity of these services. To improve the matching degree between edge computing and complex services， the services identification function is necessary for Power IoT. This article proposes a naive long short-term memory (Naive-LSTM) based services identification scheme of edge computing devices in the Power IoT， where the Naive-LSTM model makes full use of the most simplified structure and conducts discretization of the LSTM model. Moreover， the Naive-LSTM based services identification scheme can generate the probability output result to determine the task schedule police of Power IoT. After well learning operation， these Naive-LSTM classification engine module in edge computing devices of Power IoT can perform services identification， by obtaining key characteristics from various services traffics. Testing results show that the Naive-LSTM based services identification scheme is feasible and efficient in improving the edge computing ability of the Power IoT.

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Covariance matrix estimation with pipeline structure in array signal processing

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and telecommunications 2024年

作者： Chen Ligang Cai Weijie Liu Zhihui Dong Tao Zeng Hao School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering Chongqing University Space Star Technology company Limited

Estimating the covariance matrix of the received signal is a vital step in array signal processing. The traditional estimation method is completed generally by offline way after receiving the continuous sampling snapshots， which can not meet requirements of real-time performance. In this paper， the calculation of covariance matrix is divided into four pipeline operations， which are multiplication， accumulation， subtraction and division， *** new method leverages the parallel computing function of field programmable gate array(FPGA) to calculate the covariance matrix adopting a pipeline estimation method at each time when the array receives a new sampling snapshot. Compared with the traditional method， the new method not only improves the real-time performance， but also reduces the error in calculation caused by the rapid direction of arrival(DOA) change of the interested signal when the target is highly maneuverable.

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Fast Fourier transform convolution neural network accelerator based on overlap addition

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and telecommunications 2024年

作者： You Chen Li Dejian Feng Xi Shen Chongfei Wei Jizeng Liu Yu School of Microelectronics Tianjin University College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin University Beijing Smart-Chip Microelectronics Technology company Limited

In convolutional neural networks（CNNs）， the floating point computation in the traditional convolution layer is enormous， and the execution speed of the network is limited by intensive computing， which makes it challenging to meet the real-time response requirements of complex applications. This work is based on the principle that the time domain convolution result equals the frequency domain dot multiplication result to reduce the amount of floating-point calculations for convolution. The input feature map and the convolution kernel are converted to the frequency domain by the fast Fourier transform（FFT）， and the corresponding dot multiplication is performed. Then the frequency domain result is converted back to the time domain， and the output result of the convolution is obtained. In the shared CNN， the input feature map is much larger than the convolution kernel， resulting in many invalid operations. The overlap addition method is proposed to reduce invalid calculations and speed up network execution better. This work designs a hardware accelerator for frequency domain convolution and verifies its efficiency on the Xilinx ZYNQ UltraScale+MPSoC ZCU102 board: comparing the calculation time of Visual Geometry Group16(VGG16) under the ImageNet dataset， compared to traditional convolution accelerators， the hardware acceleration of frequency-domain convolution has improved performance by 8.5 times.

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Augmented reality-based BIM multi-user collaboration system

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and telecommunications 2022年第1期29卷 71-80页

作者： Sun Heng Qiao Xiuquan Shanxi Transportation Planning Survey and Design Institute company Limited Taiyuan 030024China State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China

The rapid development of building information modelling(BIM) and its enabling technologies has attracted extensive attention in the field of architecture, engineering and construction(AEC). By combining BIM models with the real world, the potential of BIM can be further exploited with the help of augmented reality(AR) technology. However, a BIM model usually involves a huge amount of data. Considering the limited computing capability of current mobile devices, these applications therefore suffer from significant performance problems, especially model loading and rendering problems. To this end, an AR-based multi-user BIM collaboration system, which can realise the on-demand dynamical loading of the BIM model by using the block-wise loading strategy of model transformation, thus solving the problem of model loading delay, was proposed. In addition, dynamic rendering technology is adopted to solve the problem of rendering lag. Experimental results show that the realisation of virtual-reality fusion and interaction for the BIM model and remote multi-user collaboration can effectively improve work efficiency and intelligence in the engineering field.

关键词： building information modelling augmented reality multi-user collaboration block-wise loading dynamic rendering

Secure Blockchain-Enabled Internet of Vehicles Scheme with Privacy Protection

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第6期75卷 6185-6199页

作者： Jiansheng Zhang Yang Xin Yuyan Wang Xiaohui Lei Yixian Yang Information Security Center State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching TechnologyBeijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China Beijing Everyone Crowdsourcing Technology company Ltd. Beijing100018China

The car-hailing platform based on Internet of Vehicles(IoV)tech-nology greatly facilitates passengers’daily car-hailing,enabling drivers to obtain orders more efficiently and obtain more significant ***,to match the driver closest to the passenger,it is often necessary to process the location information of the passenger and driver,which poses a considerable threat to privacy disclosure to the passenger and *** these issues,in this paper,by combining blockchain and Paillier homomorphic encryption algorithm,we design a secure blockchain-enabled IoV scheme with privacy protection for online *** this scheme,firstly,we propose an encryp-tion scheme based on the ***,the location information of passengers and drivers is encrypted in this ***,by introducing Paillier homomorphic encryption algorithm,the location matching of passengers and drivers is carried out in the ciphertext state to protect their location *** last,blockchain technology is used to record the transactions in online car-hailing,which can provide a security guarantee for passengers and *** we further analyze the security and performance of this *** with other schemes,the experimental results show that the proposed scheme can protect the user’s location privacy and have a better performance.

关键词： Blockchain IoV privacy protection anti-quantum

A Secure Energy Internet Scheme for IoV Based on Post-Quantum Blockchain

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第6期75卷 6323-6336页

With the increasing use of distributed electric vehicles(EV),energy management in the Internet of vehicles(IoV)has attracted more attention,especially demand response(DR)management to achieve efficient energy management in ***,it is a tendency to introduce distributed energy such as renewable energy into the existing supply *** optimizing the energy internet(EI)for IoV,in this paper,we introduce blockchain into energy internet and propose a secure EI scheme for IoV based on post-quantum blockchain,which provides the new information services and an incentive cooperation mechanism for the current energy IoV ***,based on the principles of constructing a short lattice basis and preimage sampling,a lattice signature scheme is proposed and used in blockchain for authentication,which provides anti-quantum ***,we design the EI based on the post-quantum blockchain ***,based on this model,we design a secure EI scheme for IoV based on post-quantum *** our analysis and experiment,this new scheme can increase the efficiency of energy utilization and enrich EI’s application in *** particular,we further illustrate and analyze its *** is shown that EI based on post-quantum blockchain is more secure and efficient in information communications and energy trading.

关键词： EI blockchain IoV information security anti-quantum

Integration of Utility Distributed Energy Resource Management System and Aggregators for Evolving Distribution System Operators

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第2期10卷 277-285页

作者： Luka Strezoski Harsha Padullaparti Fei Ding Murali Baggu the Department for Power Electronicsand TelecommunicationsFaculty of Technical SciencesUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbiaand he is also with Schneider Electric DMS CompanyNovi SadSerbia Energy System Integration National Renewable Energy LaboratoryGoldenUSA

With the rapid integration of distributed energy resources(DERs),distribution utilities are faced with new and unprecedented *** challenges introduced by high penetra-tion of DERs range from poor observability to overload and reverse power flow problems,under-/over-voltages,maloperation of legacy protection systems,and requirements for new planning *** utility personnel are not adequately trained,and legacy control centers are not properly equipped to cope with these ***,distribution energy resource management systems(DERMSs)are emerging software technologies aimed to provide distribution system operators(DSOs)with a specialized set of tools to enable them to overcome the issues caused by DERs and to maximize the benefits of the presence of high penetration of these novel ***,as DERMS technology is still emerging,its definition is vague and can refer to very different levels of software hierarchies,spanning from decentralized virtual power plants to DER aggregators and fully centralized enterprise systems(called utility DERMS).Although they are all frequently simply called DERIMS,these software technologies have different sets of tools and aim to provide different services to different *** paper explores how these different software technologies can complement each other,and how they can provide significant benefits to DSOs in enabling them to successfully manage evolving distribution networks with high penetration of DERs when they are integrated together into the control centers of distribution utilities.

关键词： Distributed generation distributed energy resource(DER) aggregator distributed energy resource management system(DERMS) non-wire alternatives.