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Impact of wetting-drying cycles and acidic conditions on the soil aggregate stability of yellow‒brown soil

Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 2075-2090页

作者： XIA Zhenyao NI Yuanzhen LIU Deyu WANG Di XIAO Hai Key Laboratory of geological hazards on three gorges Reservoir Area Ministry of EducationYichang 443002China College of Civil Engineering&Architecture China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China Engineering research center of Eco-environment in three gorges Reservoir Region Ministry of EducationChina Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China

Soil aggregate is the basic structural unit of soil,which is the foundation for supporting ecosystem functions,while its composition and stability is significantly affected by the external *** study was conducted to explore the effect of external environment(wetting-drying cycles and acidic conditions)on the soil aggregate distribution and stability and identify the key soil physicochemical factors that affect the soil aggregate *** yellow‒brown soil from the three gorges Reservoir area(TGRA)was used,and 8 wetting-drying conditions(0,1,2,3,4,5,10 and 15 cycles)were simulated under 4 acidic conditions(pH=3,4,5 and 7).The particle size distribution and soil aggregate stability were determined by wet sieving method,the contribution of environmental factors(acid condition,wetting-drying cycle and their combined action)to the soil aggregate stability was clarified and the key soil physicochemical factors that affect the soil aggregate stability under wetting-drying cycles and acidic conditions were determined by using the Pearson’s correlation analysis,Partial least squares path modeling(PLS‒PM)and multiple linear regression *** results indicate that wetting-drying cycles and acidic conditions have significant effects on the stability of soil aggregates,the soil aggregate stability gradually decreases with increasing number of wetting-drying cycles and it obviously decreases with the increase of ***,the combination of wetting-drying cycles and acidic conditions aggravate the reduction in the soil aggregate *** wetting-drying cycles,acidic conditions and their combined effect imposes significant impact on the soil aggregate stability,and the wetting-drying cycles exert the greatest *** soil aggregate stability is significantly correlated with the pH,Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),maximum disintegration index(MDI)and soil bulk density(SBD).The PLS‒PM and multiple linear regression analysis further reveal that the soil aggre

关键词： Yellow‒brown soil Wetting-drying cycles Acidic conditions Soil aggregate stability Soil disintegration

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Quantifying the impact of earthquakes and geological factors on spatial heterogeneity of debris-flow prone areas:A case study in the Hengduan Mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1522-1533页

作者： HU Xudong SHEN Yitong HU Kaiheng XU Wennian LIU Daxiang HE Songtang GAO Jiazhen WEI Li LIU Shuang Hubei Provincial Engineering research center of Slope Habitat Construction Technique Using Cement-based Materials(China three gorges University) Yichang 443002China Hubei Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation(China three gorges University) Yichang 443002China College of Civil Engineering and Architecture China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China Shanghai Investigation Design&Research Institute Co.Ltd.Shanghai 200335China Key Laboratory of Mountain hazards and Earth Surface Processes Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Institute of Mountain hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Wuhan Polytechnic Wuhan 430074China

Understanding the spatial heterogeneity of debris-flow-prone areas holds significant implications for regional risk management, particularly in seismically active regions with geological faults. Despite the significance of this knowledge, a comprehensive quantification of the influence of regional topographical and geological factors on the spatial heterogeneity of debris-flow-prone areas has been lacking. This study selected the Hengduan Mountains, an earthquake-prone region characterized by diverse surface conditions and complex landforms, as a representative study area. An improved units zoning and objective factors identification methodology was employed in earthquake and fault analysis to assess the impact of seismic activity and geological factors on spatial heterogeneity of debrisflow prone areas. Results showed that the application of GIS technology with hydrodynamic intensity and geographical units analysis can effectively analyze debris-flow prone areas. Meanwhile, earthquake and fault zones obviously increase the density of debrisflow prone catchments and make them unevenly distributed. The number of debris-flow prone areas shows a nonlinear variation with the gradual increase of geomorphic factor value. Specifically, the area with 1000 m-2500 m elevation difference, 25°-30° average slope, and 0.13-0.15 land use index is the most favorable conditions for debris-flow occurrence;The average annual rainfall from 600 to 1150 mm and landslides gradient from 16° to 35° are the main causal factors to trigger debris flow. Our study sheds light on the quantification of spatial heterogeneity in debris flow-prone areas in earthquake-prone regions, which can offer crucial support for post-debris flow risk management strategies.

关键词： debris-flow prone areas causal factors GIS-based method spatial heterogeneity Hengduan Mountains

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Impacts of artificial dams on terrestrial water storage changes and the Earth's elastic load response during 1950-2016: A case study of medium and large reservoirs in Chinese mainland

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geodesy and geodynamics 2024年第3期15卷 252-263页

作者： Linsong Wang Mingtao Zhu Yulong Zhong Jianwei Sun Zhenran Peng Hubei Subsurface Multiscale Image Key Laboratory School of Geophysics and GeomaticsChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China three gorges research center for geo-hazard Ministry of EducationChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China School of geography and Information Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China

The construction of dams for intercepting and storing water has altered surface water distributions, landsea water exchanges, and the load response of the solid Earth. The lack of accurate estimation of reservoir properties through the land surface and hydrological models can lead to water storage simulation and extraction errors. This impact is particularly evident in many artificial reservoirs in China. The study aims to comprehensively assess the spatiotemporal distribution and trends of water storage in medium and large reservoirs(MLRs) in Chinese mainland during 1950-2016, and to investigate the gravity,displacement, and strain effects induced by the reservoir mass concentration using the load elasticity theory. In addition, the impoundment contributions of MLRs to the relative sea level changes were assessed using a sea-level equation. The results show impoundment increases in the MLRs during1950-2016, particularly in the Yangtze River(Changjiang) and southern basins, causing significant elastic load effects in the surrounding areas of the reservoirs and increasing the relative sea level in China's offshore. However, long-term groundwater estimation trends are overestimated and underestimated in the Yangtze River and southwestern basins, respectively, due to the neglect of the MLRs impacts or the uncertainty of the hydrological model's output(e.g., soil moisture, etc.). The construction of MLRs may reduce the water mass input from land to the ocean, thus slowing global sea level rise. The results of the impact of human activities on the regional water cycle provide important references and data support for improving the integration of hydrological models, evaluating Earth's viscoelastic responses under longterm reservoir storage, enhancing in-situ and satellite geodetic measurements, and identifying the main factors driving sea level changes.

关键词： Man-made dams Terrestrial water storage Elastic load response Sea level changes Chinese mainland

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Projecting Spring Consecutive Rainfall Events in the three gorges Reservoir Based on Triple-Nested Dynamical Downscaling

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1539-1558页

作者： Yanxin ZHENG Shuanglin LI Noel KEENLYSIDE Shengping HE Lingling SUO Department of Atmospheric Science CMA-CUG Joint Centre for Severe Weather and Climate and Hydro-geological HazardsChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Institute of Atmospheric Physics and Climate Change research center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China three gorges National Climatological Observatory Yichang 443099China geophysical Institute University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchBergen 5007Norway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing center and Bjerknes Centre for Climate research Bergen 5007Norway Nansen-Zhu International research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Spring consecutive rainfall events(CREs) are key triggers of geological hazards in the three gorges Reservoir area(TGR), China. However, previous projections of CREs based on the direct outputs of global climate models(GCMs) are subject to considerable uncertainties, largely caused by their coarse resolution. This study applies a triple-nested WRF(Weather research and Forecasting) model dynamical downscaling, driven by a GCM, MIROC6(Model for Interdisciplinary research on Climate, version 6), to improve the historical simulation and reduce the uncertainties in the future projection of CREs in the TGR. Results indicate that WRF has better performances in reproducing the observed rainfall in terms of the daily probability distribution, monthly evolution and duration of rainfall events, demonstrating the ability of WRF in simulating CREs. Thus, the triple-nested WRF is applied to project the future changes of CREs under the middle-of-the-road and fossil-fueled development scenarios. It is indicated that light and moderate rainfall and the duration of continuous rainfall spells will decrease in the TGR, leading to a decrease in the frequency of CREs. Meanwhile, the duration, rainfall amount, and intensity of CREs is projected to regional increase in the central-west TGR. These results are inconsistent with the raw projection of MIROC6. Observational diagnosis implies that CREs are mainly contributed by the vertical moisture advection. Such a synoptic contribution is captured well by WRF, which is not the case in MIROC6,indicating larger uncertainties in the CREs projected by MIROC6.

关键词： triple-nested downscaling three gorges Reservoir area consecutive rainfall events geological hazards projection

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Physics-informed optimization for a data-driven approach in landslide susceptibility evaluation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and geotechnical Engineering 2024年第8期16卷 3192-3205页

作者： Songlin Liu Luqi Wang Wengang Zhang Weixin Sun Yunhao Wang Jianping Liu School of Civil Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing400045China Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area Chongqing UniversityMinistry of EducationChongqing400045China National Joint Engineering research center of geohazards Prevention in the Reservoir Areas Chongqing UniversityChongqing400045China Chongqing Field Scientific Observation Station for Landslide hazards in three gorges Reservoir Area Chongqing UniversityChongqing400045China Chongqing Mingfeng Construction Engineering Co. LtdChongqing405800China

Landslide susceptibility mapping is an integral part of geological hazard ***,the emphasis of many studies has been on data-driven models,notably those derived from machine learning,owing to their aptitude for tackling complex non-linear ***,the prevailing models often disregard qualitative research,leading to limited interpretability and mistakes in extracting negative samples,*** non-landslide *** this study,Scoops 3D(a three-dimensional slope stability analysis tool)was utilized to conduct a qualitative assessment of slope stability in the Yunyang section of the three gorges Reservoir *** depth of the bedrock was predicted utilizing a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),incorporating local boreholes and building on the insights from prior *** Random Forest(RF)algorithm was subsequently used to execute a data-driven landslide susceptibility *** proposed methodology demonstrated a notable increase of 29.25%in the evaluation metric,the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC-AUC),outperforming the prevailing benchmark ***,the landslide susceptibility map generated by the proposed model demonstrated superior *** result not only validates the effectiveness of amalgamating mathematical and mechanistic insights for such analyses,but it also carries substantial academic and practical implications.

关键词： Physics-informed Machine learning Bedrock depth Scoops 3D Landslide susceptibility

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Post-disaster spatial reconstruction from the perspective of a rural settlement niche in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1630-1646页

作者： LIU Yanguo WANG Li ZOU Qiang LI Jingji LU Yafeng LI Lin XU Binni WANG Lihui Tianfu Institute of research and Innovation Southwest University of Science and TechnologyChengdu 610299China Mianyang Science and Technology City Division the National Remote Sensing Center of ChinaSouthwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China Institute of Mountain hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China State Key Laboratory of geo-hazard Prevention and geo-environment Protection(Chengdu University of Technology) Chengdu 610059China Tianfu New Area Park City Construction Bureau Chengdu Municipal Bureau of Planning and Nature ResourcesChengdu 610218China

Post-disaster recovery and reconstruction provide an effective way to reduce the disaster vulnerability of, and promote leapfrog development in, an affected area. To date, studies that have used administrative boundaries to investigate the reconstruction of settlement space have not been able to clearly define the real boundaries of land use changes or quantify the degree of response to the ‘Build-Back-Better’ initiative, and have lacked any consideration of the fourth reconstruction stage–development period(10 years). This study constructed a mountain settlement niche and analyzed the characteristics, spatial reconstruction, and drivers of rural settlements during 2009–2019 in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, southwest China. The results showed the following:(1) Natural factors were the basis for the formation and development of mountain settlement niches. The scale of the settlement niche and its land use structure depended on the physical geography features and the ethnic farming and grazing traditions. The settlement niche provided a realistic boundary for the spatial reconstruction.(2) The layout of residential land around cropland was the common feature of the mountain settlement niche. Of all the land use types, the roads and rural residential lands showed the most change over the 10 years;13,860 residential patches increased in size and 4,742 patches were abandoned.(3) The area of orchards, planted to reconstruct the economy in the mountains, increased by nearly 2.5 times.(4) Collapses, landslides, and debris flow disasters and the ecological red line influenced the spatial reconstruction. While the main focus of post-disaster recovery is spatial reconstruction, initiatives should include economic and spiritual recovery, and should also achieve sustainable development of the region.

关键词： Rural settlements Spatial reconstruction Settlement niche Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Reconstruction Southwest China

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Déjàvu:Might Future Eruptions of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcano be a Repeat of the Devastating Eruption of Santorini,Greece(1650 BC)?

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第2期33卷 229-235页

作者： Timothy M.Kusky center for Global Tectonics Three Gorges Research Center for Geo-HazardsChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

The remote Pacific islands nation of Tonga(about 170 islands,with a population of 105000),and surrounding countries,are suffering from the damage from one of the largest,most explosive volcanic eruptions in at least several decades,at least since the 1991 eruption of Pinatubo in the *** data is still coming in from the Jan.15,2022 *** reports show(remarkably)few casualties,but the islands are still(as of this writing)inaccessible because of thick volcanic ash coverings。

关键词： volcanic eruption thick

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Load transfer laws of tensile anchors in rock masses with weak interlayers based on a shear-slipping updating model

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第3期19卷 812-825页

作者： WANG Yan XIANG Xin LI Chang-dong ZHU Guo-qiang SONG Cheng-bin XIAN Jin-ye ZHANG Jia-jun Faculty of Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China China three gorges Corporation Limited Beijing 100038China three gorges research center for geo-hazards Ministry of Education China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

The load transfer characteristics of a tensile anchor in the rock mass with weak interlayers were investigated,considering the nonuniform stress of the horizontally layered rock mass along *** improved shear-slipping model was proposed to describe the stress evolution characteristics of the bolt-rock *** on the improved model,analytical solutions of the axial force,shear stress distribution and load-displacement relationship considering the residual stress stage were *** effects of the stratigraphic sequence,pulling force and bolt diameter on the stress distribution of the anchorage interface were evaluated by using analytical *** results were verified by applying the finite difference numerical simulation *** sensitivity of each parameter to the axial force and shear stress of the rock bolt was determined based on calculation of the sensitivity *** study results show that the axial force and shear stress tend to decrease nonuniformly along the rock bolt towards the anchorage *** to the existence of weak interlayers,the shear stress mutates at the weak and hard rock interface,and the axial force appears to“rebound”at the bottom of the anchored *** has more significant effects on the axial force and shear stress at the bottom of the anchor than at the top of the *** pulling force is more sensitive to the anchor stress than stratigraphic sequence when the bolt diameter is *** study provides a theoretical framework for the fundamental problem of tensile bolts in horizontally or vertically laminated rock masses,providing a theoretical basis for anchor design.

关键词： Weak interlayer Tensile anchor Residual stress Shear-slipping updating model Sensitivity

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Thermo-hydro-poro-mechanical responses of a reservoir-induced landslide tracked by high-resolution fiber optic sensing nerves

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and geotechnical Engineering 2024年第3期16卷 1018-1032页

作者： Xiao Ye Hong-Hu Zhu Gang Cheng Hua-Fu Pei Bin Shi Luca Schenato Alessandro Pasuto School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing210023China School of Computer Science North China Institute of Science and Technology(National Safety Training Center of Coal Mines)Beijing101601China State Key Lab of Coastal and Offshore Engineering Department of Geotechnical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China National research Council-research Institute for geo-Hydrological Protection(CNR-IRPI) Padova35127Italy Department of Information Engineering University of PadovaPadova35131Italy

Thermo-poro-mechanical responses along sliding zone/surface have been extensively ***,it has not been recognized that the potential contribution of other crucial engineering geological interfaces beyond the slip surface to progressive ***,we aim to investigate the subsurface multiphysics of reservoir landslides under two extreme hydrologic conditions(*** and dry),particularly within sliding *** on ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating(UWFBG)technology,we employ specialpurpose fiber optic sensing cables that can be implanted into boreholes as“nerves of the Earth”to collect data on soil temperature,water content,pore water pressure,and *** Xinpu landslide in the middle reach of the three gorges Reservoir Area in China was selected as a case study to establish a paradigm for in situ thermo-hydro-poro-mechanical *** UWFBG-based sensing cables were vertically buried in a 31 m-deep borehole at the foot of the landslide,with a resolution of 1 m except for the pressure *** reported field measurements covering the period 2021 and 2022 and produced the spatiotemporal profiles throughout the *** show that wet years are more likely to motivate landslide motions than dry *** annual thermally active layer of the landslide has a critical depth of roughly 9 m and might move downward in warmer *** dynamic groundwater table is located at depths of 9e15 m,where the peaked strain undergoes a periodical response of leap and withdrawal to annual hydrometeorological *** interface behaviors may support the interpretation of the contribution of reservoir regulation to slope stability,allowing us to correlate them to local damage events and potential global *** paper also offers a natural framework for interpreting thermo-hydro-poro-mechanical signatures from creeping reservoir bank slopes,which may form the basis for a landslide monitoring and early warning system.

关键词： Reservoir landslide Thermo-hydro-poro-mechanical response Ultra-weak fiber bragg grating(UWFBG) subsurface evolution Engineering geological interface geotechnical monitoring

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Quantitative evaluation of rock brittle property based on energy evolution and its application in three gorges Reservoir area

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年

作者： Tao Wen Yankun Wang Huiming Tang School of geosciences， Yangtze University three gorges research center for geo-hazards of Ministry of Education， China University of geosciences

Brittleness is of great significance for evaluating the mechanical properties of the slope rock in reservoir area and revealing the brittle failure mechanism of the rocks. Although a series of definitions of the brittleness and evaluation methods of brittleness index have been proposed， there is still lack of a widely recognized and remarkable standards in these aspects due to the differences in diagenetic process， depositional environment and mineral composition. The previous methods to quantitively estimate the rock brittleness based on energy balance analysis are summarized， which neglect multiple influencing factors of the rock brittleness， such as the weight of pre-peak or post-peak mechanical behaviors on the prediction performance of the brittleness index. Based on the typical curves about stress and strain， the relationships between the brittle failure behaviors and the energy evolutions are comprehensively analyzed， then a new method for assessing the brittleness is proposed. Based on pre-peak brittleness index to represent brittle property at pre-peak stage and post-peak brittleness index to determine brittle characteristic at post-peak stage， a new brittleness index is established by additive synthesis method in consideration of the weight of brittleness indexes before and after peak strength， and either of the two brittleness indexes can be punished or compensated by setting different parameter values. The results indicate that the proposed brittleness index can represent the brittle change laws for different rock types when α≤0.5， β≥0.5. When evaluating the brittleness of the slope rock in three gorges Reservoir (TGR) area， the results present that the rock brittleness in the slope affects the stability of the slope. Therefore， the novel evaluation method can provide reliable results， so the proposed brittleness index considering the energy evolution can be applied to assess the brittle property in the reservoir bank project.

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