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Impacts of artificial dams on terrestrial water storage changes and the Earth's elastic load response during 1950-2016: A case study of medium and large reservoirs in Chinese mainland

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geodesy and geodynamics 2024年第3期15卷 252-263页

作者： Linsong Wang Mingtao Zhu Yulong Zhong Jianwei Sun Zhenran Peng Hubei Subsurface Multiscale Image Key Laboratory School of Geophysics and GeomaticsChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China three gorges research center for geo-hazard Ministry of EducationChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China School of geography and Information Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China

The construction of dams for intercepting and storing water has altered surface water distributions, landsea water exchanges, and the load response of the solid Earth. The lack of accurate estimation of reservoir properties through the land surface and hydrological models can lead to water storage simulation and extraction errors. This impact is particularly evident in many artificial reservoirs in China. The study aims to comprehensively assess the spatiotemporal distribution and trends of water storage in medium and large reservoirs(MLRs) in Chinese mainland during 1950-2016, and to investigate the gravity,displacement, and strain effects induced by the reservoir mass concentration using the load elasticity theory. In addition, the impoundment contributions of MLRs to the relative sea level changes were assessed using a sea-level equation. The results show impoundment increases in the MLRs during1950-2016, particularly in the Yangtze River(Changjiang) and southern basins, causing significant elastic load effects in the surrounding areas of the reservoirs and increasing the relative sea level in China's offshore. However, long-term groundwater estimation trends are overestimated and underestimated in the Yangtze River and southwestern basins, respectively, due to the neglect of the MLRs impacts or the uncertainty of the hydrological model's output(e.g., soil moisture, etc.). The construction of MLRs may reduce the water mass input from land to the ocean, thus slowing global sea level rise. The results of the impact of human activities on the regional water cycle provide important references and data support for improving the integration of hydrological models, evaluating Earth's viscoelastic responses under longterm reservoir storage, enhancing in-situ and satellite geodetic measurements, and identifying the main factors driving sea level changes.

关键词： Man-made dams Terrestrial water storage Elastic load response Sea level changes Chinese mainland

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Modeling Near-Field Impulsive Waves Generated by Deformable Landslide Using the HBP Model Based on the SPH Method

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第2期23卷 328-344页

作者： WANG Wei WEI Weicheng CHAI Bo XIA Hao WANG Yang DU Juan LIU Jizhixian School of Environmental Studies China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science Wuhan 430078China Faculty of Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China research center for geohazards Monitoring and Warning in three gorges Reservoir Wanzhou 404000China

Landslide-generated impulsive waves(LGWs)in reservoir areas can seriously threaten waterway safety as well as hu-man life and properties around the two side *** risk reduction and mitigation of such a hazard require the accurate prediction of near-field wave characteristics,such as wave amplitude and ***,near-field LGW involves complicated fluid-solid ***,the wave characteristics are closely related to various aspects,including the geometry and physical features of the slide,river,and body of ***,the empirical or analytical methods used for rough estimation cannot derive accurate results,especially for deformable landslides,due to their significant geometry changes during the sliding *** this study,the near-field waves generated by deformable landslides were simulated by smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)based on multi-phase *** deformable landslides were generalized as a kind of viscous flow by adopting the Herschel-Bulkley-Papanastasiou(HBP)-based nonNewtonian rheology *** HBP model is capable of producing deformable landslide dynamics even though the high-speed sliding process is *** this study,an idealized experiment case originating from Lituya LGW and a practical case of Gongjiafang LGW were reproduced for verification and *** simulation results of both cases show satisfactory consistency with the experiment/investigation data in terms of landslide movement and near-field impulsive wave characteristics,thus indicating the applicability and accuracy of the proposed ***,the effects of the HBP model’s rheological parameters on the landslide dynamics and near-field wave characteristics are discussed,providing a parameter calibration method along with sug-gestions for further applications.

关键词： deformable landslide impulsive waves near-field SPH nonNewtonian fluids

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Post-disaster spatial reconstruction from the perspective of a rural settlement niche in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1630-1646页

作者： LIU Yanguo WANG Li ZOU Qiang LI Jingji LU Yafeng LI Lin XU Binni WANG Lihui Tianfu Institute of research and Innovation Southwest University of Science and TechnologyChengdu 610299China Mianyang Science and Technology City Division the National Remote Sensing Center of ChinaSouthwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China Institute of Mountain hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China State Key Laboratory of geo-hazard Prevention and geo-environment Protection(Chengdu University of Technology) Chengdu 610059China Tianfu New Area Park City Construction Bureau Chengdu Municipal Bureau of Planning and Nature ResourcesChengdu 610218China

Post-disaster recovery and reconstruction provide an effective way to reduce the disaster vulnerability of, and promote leapfrog development in, an affected area. To date, studies that have used administrative boundaries to investigate the reconstruction of settlement space have not been able to clearly define the real boundaries of land use changes or quantify the degree of response to the ‘Build-Back-Better’ initiative, and have lacked any consideration of the fourth reconstruction stage–development period(10 years). This study constructed a mountain settlement niche and analyzed the characteristics, spatial reconstruction, and drivers of rural settlements during 2009–2019 in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, southwest China. The results showed the following:(1) Natural factors were the basis for the formation and development of mountain settlement niches. The scale of the settlement niche and its land use structure depended on the physical geography features and the ethnic farming and grazing traditions. The settlement niche provided a realistic boundary for the spatial reconstruction.(2) The layout of residential land around cropland was the common feature of the mountain settlement niche. Of all the land use types, the roads and rural residential lands showed the most change over the 10 years;13,860 residential patches increased in size and 4,742 patches were abandoned.(3) The area of orchards, planted to reconstruct the economy in the mountains, increased by nearly 2.5 times.(4) Collapses, landslides, and debris flow disasters and the ecological red line influenced the spatial reconstruction. While the main focus of post-disaster recovery is spatial reconstruction, initiatives should include economic and spiritual recovery, and should also achieve sustainable development of the region.

关键词： Rural settlements Spatial reconstruction Settlement niche Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Reconstruction Southwest China

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Déjàvu:Might Future Eruptions of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcano be a Repeat of the Devastating Eruption of Santorini,Greece(1650 BC)?

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第2期33卷 229-235页

作者： Timothy M.Kusky center for Global Tectonics Three Gorges Research Center for Geo-HazardsChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

The remote Pacific islands nation of Tonga(about 170 islands,with a population of 105000),and surrounding countries,are suffering from the damage from one of the largest,most explosive volcanic eruptions in at least several decades,at least since the 1991 eruption of Pinatubo in the *** data is still coming in from the Jan.15,2022 *** reports show(remarkably)few casualties,but the islands are still(as of this writing)inaccessible because of thick volcanic ash coverings。

关键词： volcanic eruption thick

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Thermo-hydro-poro-mechanical responses of a reservoir-induced landslide tracked by high-resolution fiber optic sensing nerves

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and geotechnical Engineering 2024年第3期16卷 1018-1032页

作者： Xiao Ye Hong-Hu Zhu Gang Cheng Hua-Fu Pei Bin Shi Luca Schenato Alessandro Pasuto School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing210023China School of Computer Science North China Institute of Science and Technology(National Safety Training Center of Coal Mines)Beijing101601China State Key Lab of Coastal and Offshore Engineering Department of Geotechnical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China National research Council-research Institute for geo-Hydrological Protection(CNR-IRPI) Padova35127Italy Department of Information Engineering University of PadovaPadova35131Italy

Thermo-poro-mechanical responses along sliding zone/surface have been extensively ***,it has not been recognized that the potential contribution of other crucial engineering geological interfaces beyond the slip surface to progressive ***,we aim to investigate the subsurface multiphysics of reservoir landslides under two extreme hydrologic conditions(*** and dry),particularly within sliding *** on ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating(UWFBG)technology,we employ specialpurpose fiber optic sensing cables that can be implanted into boreholes as“nerves of the Earth”to collect data on soil temperature,water content,pore water pressure,and *** Xinpu landslide in the middle reach of the three gorges Reservoir Area in China was selected as a case study to establish a paradigm for in situ thermo-hydro-poro-mechanical *** UWFBG-based sensing cables were vertically buried in a 31 m-deep borehole at the foot of the landslide,with a resolution of 1 m except for the pressure *** reported field measurements covering the period 2021 and 2022 and produced the spatiotemporal profiles throughout the *** show that wet years are more likely to motivate landslide motions than dry *** annual thermally active layer of the landslide has a critical depth of roughly 9 m and might move downward in warmer *** dynamic groundwater table is located at depths of 9e15 m,where the peaked strain undergoes a periodical response of leap and withdrawal to annual hydrometeorological *** interface behaviors may support the interpretation of the contribution of reservoir regulation to slope stability,allowing us to correlate them to local damage events and potential global *** paper also offers a natural framework for interpreting thermo-hydro-poro-mechanical signatures from creeping reservoir bank slopes,which may form the basis for a landslide monitoring and early warning system.

关键词： Reservoir landslide Thermo-hydro-poro-mechanical response Ultra-weak fiber bragg grating(UWFBG) subsurface evolution Engineering geological interface geotechnical monitoring

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Load transfer laws of tensile anchors in rock masses with weak interlayers based on a shear-slipping updating model

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第3期19卷 812-825页

作者： WANG Yan XIANG Xin LI Chang-dong ZHU Guo-qiang SONG Cheng-bin XIAN Jin-ye ZHANG Jia-jun Faculty of Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China China three gorges Corporation Limited Beijing 100038China three gorges research center for geo-hazards Ministry of Education China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

The load transfer characteristics of a tensile anchor in the rock mass with weak interlayers were investigated,considering the nonuniform stress of the horizontally layered rock mass along *** improved shear-slipping model was proposed to describe the stress evolution characteristics of the bolt-rock *** on the improved model,analytical solutions of the axial force,shear stress distribution and load-displacement relationship considering the residual stress stage were *** effects of the stratigraphic sequence,pulling force and bolt diameter on the stress distribution of the anchorage interface were evaluated by using analytical *** results were verified by applying the finite difference numerical simulation *** sensitivity of each parameter to the axial force and shear stress of the rock bolt was determined based on calculation of the sensitivity *** study results show that the axial force and shear stress tend to decrease nonuniformly along the rock bolt towards the anchorage *** to the existence of weak interlayers,the shear stress mutates at the weak and hard rock interface,and the axial force appears to“rebound”at the bottom of the anchored *** has more significant effects on the axial force and shear stress at the bottom of the anchor than at the top of the *** pulling force is more sensitive to the anchor stress than stratigraphic sequence when the bolt diameter is *** study provides a theoretical framework for the fundamental problem of tensile bolts in horizontally or vertically laminated rock masses,providing a theoretical basis for anchor design.

关键词： Weak interlayer Tensile anchor Residual stress Shear-slipping updating model Sensitivity

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From the Area to the Point-Study on the Key Technology of 3D geological hazard Modeling in three gorges Reservoir Area

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Journal of Earth Science 2012年第2期23卷 199-206页

作者：刘军旗黄学斌吴冲龙程温鸣项伟夏鹤 three gorges research center for geo-hazard Ministry of EducationChina University of Geosciences The Headquarters of Prevention and Control for geo-hazard in the three gorges Reservoir Area Faculty of Computer China University of Geosciences Faculty of Engineering China University of Geosciences

Taking hundreds of pieces of hazardous geological maps （1 ： 10 000） of three gorges res-ervoir area （3GR） as background, we establish regional three-dimensional （3D） geo-hazard modelusing DEM （digital elevation model） superposed surface images and geo-hazards elements. Based on landslides and other geo-hazard survey data,using improved B-REP（boundary representa-tion）entity data structure （two-body 3D data structure）, we set up 3D solid models for each hazardous bodies in each hazardous geological maps. Then we integrate the two types of 3D models with different scales from area to point, which are the regional geo-hazard 3D model and the solid models of each disaster body, in order to provide a visual processing and analysis plat-form for danger partition, stability evaluation, disaster prevention and control, early warning and command.

关键词： investigation database regional 3D geological model three-dimensional solid model of disaster body disaster prevention and control early warning command.

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Dynamic Stability Analysis of Wedge in Rock Slope Based on Kinetic Vector Method

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Journal of Earth Science 2014年第4期25卷 749-756页

作者： Weida Ni Huiming Tang Xiao Liu Rui Yong Zongxing Zou Faculty of Engineering China University of Geosciences three gorges research center for geo-hazard Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences

A new method （kinetic vector method, KVM） is presented for analyzing the dynamic stability of wedge in rock slope. The dynamic analysis is carried out based on three dimensional distinct element code （3DEC）, and the kinetic inertial force of the wedge under seismic loading can be obtained via calculating the net vectorial nodal force of the finite difference grid. Then, the factor of safety （FOS） of the wedge can be calculated based on limit equilibrium method （LEM） at each dynamic analysis step, therefore time series of the FOS for whole earthquake process can be obtained. For the purpose of evaluating the entire dynamic stability of the wedge, dynamic factor of safety （DFOS） is proposed and defined as a numerical value corresponding with a given rate of probability guarantee based on reliability theory. Consequently, the KVM inherits the merits of the LEM and also has fully nonlinear dynamic analysis capabilities, and the feasibility and correctness of the KVM are tested by an example given by Hoek and Bray （1981）. Finally, a rock slope case in Wenchuan Earthquake regions of China is presented to verify the engineering practicability of the KVM, and the results matched the actual situation well.

关键词： dynamic stability limit equilibrium discrete element kinetic vector method rock slope Wenchuan Earthquake.

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Quantitative evaluation of rock brittle property based on energy evolution and its application in three gorges Reservoir area

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年

作者： Tao Wen Yankun Wang Huiming Tang School of geosciences， Yangtze University three gorges research center for geo-hazards of Ministry of Education， China University of geosciences

Brittleness is of great significance for evaluating the mechanical properties of the slope rock in reservoir area and revealing the brittle failure mechanism of the rocks. Although a series of definitions of the brittleness and evaluation methods of brittleness index have been proposed， there is still lack of a widely recognized and remarkable standards in these aspects due to the differences in diagenetic process， depositional environment and mineral composition. The previous methods to quantitively estimate the rock brittleness based on energy balance analysis are summarized， which neglect multiple influencing factors of the rock brittleness， such as the weight of pre-peak or post-peak mechanical behaviors on the prediction performance of the brittleness index. Based on the typical curves about stress and strain， the relationships between the brittle failure behaviors and the energy evolutions are comprehensively analyzed， then a new method for assessing the brittleness is proposed. Based on pre-peak brittleness index to represent brittle property at pre-peak stage and post-peak brittleness index to determine brittle characteristic at post-peak stage， a new brittleness index is established by additive synthesis method in consideration of the weight of brittleness indexes before and after peak strength， and either of the two brittleness indexes can be punished or compensated by setting different parameter values. The results indicate that the proposed brittleness index can represent the brittle change laws for different rock types when α≤0.5， β≥0.5. When evaluating the brittleness of the slope rock in three gorges Reservoir (TGR) area， the results present that the rock brittleness in the slope affects the stability of the slope. Therefore， the novel evaluation method can provide reliable results， so the proposed brittleness index considering the energy evolution can be applied to assess the brittle property in the reservoir bank project.

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Situation and Prevention of Loess Water Erosion Problem along the West-to-East Gas Pipeline in China

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第6期21卷 968-973页

作者：王菁莪项伟左勖 three gorges research center for geo-hazard Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Faculty of Engineering China University of Geosciences China Institute of geo-environmental Monitoring

Loess water erosion constitutes a great threat to the safety of the West-to-East Gas Pipeline in China. Through aerial-photo interpretation and investigation of the typical region （Zichang （子长）-Yongping （水坪） Section） where the loess water erosion problem is intensely developed, the influence of water erosion on the pipeline in the loess area can be manifested as the following 3 aspects：（1） surface and gully erosion causes the base overhead and pipeline exposure; （2） underground erosion forms caves, which may cause surface subsidence and foundation failure; （3） water erosion of loess may destroy the balance of slopes and cause geological hazards like landslide, collapse and debris flow. Presently, the controlling methods are mainly concrete or grouted rubble protection. These methods are not only high in cost but also have poor effect and poor durability. This article suggests a method of controlling the loess water erosion problem with soil solidified material. Then, related tests are conducted. The results of uniaxial compression, permeability, and anti-erosion ability tests indicate that the mechanical properties and anti-erosion ability of solidified loess were improved significantly.

关键词： West-to-East Gas Pipeline loess water erosion soil solidified material.

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