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Recent Developments in Numerical Techniques for Transport-Based Medical Imaging Methods

Communications in Computational Physics 2010年第6期8卷 1-50页

作者： Kui Ren Department of Mathematics University of Texas at Austin1 University Station C1200AustinTX 78712USA

The objective of this paper is to review recent developments in numerical reconstruction methods for inverse transport problems in imaging applications,mainly optical tomography,fluorescence tomography and bioluminescence *** those inverse problems,one aims at reconstructing physical parameters,such as the absorption coefficient,the scattering coefficient and the fluorescence light source,inside heterogeneous media,from partial knowledge of transport solutions on the boundaries of the *** physical parameters recovered can be used for diagnostic *** reconstruction techniques for those inverse transport problems can be roughly classified into two categories:linear reconstruction methods and nonlinear reconstruction *** the first type of methods,the inverse problems are linearized around some known background to obtain linear inverse *** regularization techniques are then applied to solve those inverse *** second type of methods are either based on regularized nonlinear least-square techniques or based on gradient-driven iterative methods for nonlinear operator *** either case,the unknown parameters are iteratively updated until the solutions of the transport equations with the those parameters match the measurements to a certain *** review linear and nonlinear reconstruction methods for inverse transport problems in medical imaging with stationary,frequency-domain and time-dependent *** materials presented include both existing and new ***,we attempt to present similar algorithms for different problems in the same framework to make it more straightforward to generalize those algorithms to other inverse(transport)problems.

关键词： Inverse problem radiative transport equation optical tomography bioluminescence tomography fluorescence tomography iterative reconstruction

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Tunable filter Raman spectroscopy of purified semiconducting and metallic carbon nanotubes

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Nano Research 2016年第9期9卷 2715-2728页

作者： Paul Finnie Security and Disruptive Technologies Portfolio National Research Council Canada1200 Montreal RoadOttawaOntarioK1A 0R6Canada

Tunable filter Raman spectroscopy is used to efficiently produce Raman excitation maps of unpurified and type-purified single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Maps with fine excitation resolution (1 nm) are created over a wide wavelength range (727 to 980 nm), extending from metallic to semiconducting resonances. At a given wavelength, the wide bandwidth (>3,000 cm–1) allows the comparison of the G band with the radial breathing mode (RBM), and shows the 2D band and other less prominent bands. Materials examined included unsorted powders, aqueous sorted semiconductors, aqueous sorted metals, and polyfluorene sorted semiconductors in toluene. The Raman excitation profiles of the G band are broad, relative to the RBM bands. The maps offer evidence of minority species contamination, except in the case of the polyfluorene sorted semiconductors. Tunable Raman spectroscopy data help validate the simpler fixed wavelength Raman spectroscopy approaches to purity assessment. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2016, Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) tunable Raman spectroscop purity metallicity

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An integrated microfluidic platform for nucleic acid testing

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 181-194页

作者： Antao Sun Petra Vopařilová Xiaocheng Liu Bingqian Kou TomášŘezníček TomášLednický Sheng Ni JiříKudr Ondřej Zítka Zdenka Fohlerová Petr Pajer Haoqing Zhang Pavel Neužil Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace School of Mechanical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical University127 West Youyi RoadXi’anShaanxi 710072P.R.China Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Mendel University in BrnoZemědělská161300 BrnoCzech Republic ITD Tech s.r.o Osvoboditelů100573581 BohumínCzech Republic Central European Institute of Technology Brno University of TechnologyPurkyňova 123Brno 61200Czech Republic Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong SARChina Department of Microelectronics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and CommunicationBrno University of TechnologyTechnická3058/10Brno 61600Czech Republic Military Health Institute U Vojenskénemocnice 120016200 Praha 6Czech Republic The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Life Science and TechnologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710049P.R.China Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center(BEBC) Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049P.R.China

This study presents a rapid and versatile low-cost sample-to-answer system for SARS-CoV-2 *** system integrates the extraction and purification of nucleic acids,followed by amplification via either reverse transcriptionquantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT–qPCR)or reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification(RT–LAMP).By meeting diverse diagnostic and reagent needs,the platform yields testing results that closely align with those of commercial RT-LAMP and RT‒qPCR *** advantages of our system include its speed and *** assay is completed within 28 min,including sample loading(5 min),ribonucleic acid(RNA)extraction(3 min),and RT-LAMP(20 min).The cost of each assay is≈$9.5,and this pricing is competitive against that of Food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved commercial *** some RNA loss during on-chip extraction is observed,the platform maintains a potential limit of detection lower than 297 *** makes the system particularly useful in environments where centralized laboratories are either unavailable or inconveniently *** key feature is the platform’s versatility,allowing users to choose between RT‒qPCR or RT‒LAMP tests based on specific requirements.

关键词： testing maintain versatile

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Raman microscopy mapping for the purity assessment of chirality enriched carbon nanotube networks in thin- film transistors

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Nano Research 2015年第7期8卷 2179-2187页

作者： Zhao Li Jianfu Ding Paul Finnie Jacques Lefebvre Fuyong Cheng ChristopherT. Kingston Patrick R. L. Malenfant Security and Disruptive Technologies Portfolio National Research Council Canada 1200 Montreal Road Ottawa Ontario K1A OR6 Canada

With recent improvements in carbon nanotube separation methods, the accurate determination of residual metallic carbon nanotubes in a purified nanotube sample is important, particularly for those interested in using semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWCNTs） in electronic device applications such as thin-film transistors （TFTs）. This work demonstrates that Raman microscopy mapping is a powerful characterization tool for quantifying residual metallic carbon nanotubes present in highly enriched semiconducting nanotube networks. Raman mapping correlates well with absorption spectroscopy, yet it provides greater differentiation in purity. Electrical data from TFTs with channel lengths of 2.5 and 5μ m demonstrate the utility of the method. By comparing samples with nominal purities of 99.0% and 99.8%, a clear differentiation can be made when evaluating the current on/off ratio as a function of channel length, and thus the Raman mapping method provides a means to guide device fabrication by correlating SWCNT network density and purity with TFT channel scaling.

关键词： raman spectroscopy carbon nanotubes thin film transistors microscopy mapping purity assessment

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Advanced high-pressure plasma diagnostics with hairpin resonator probe surrounded by film and sheath

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Chinese Physics B 2010年第7期19卷 387-393页

作者：徐金洲石建军张菁张琪中村圭二菅井秀郎 Department of Applied Physics College of ScienceDonghua University Department of Electrical Engineering School of EngineeringChubu University 1200 Matsumoto-choKasugaiAichi 487-8501Japan

The hairpin probe using microwave resonance in plasma is applicable to high pressure 1.33 ×10^3-1.01×10^5 Pa）） as developed recently. In this work, an analytic model of the hairpin resonator probe surrounded by a thin dielectric layer and a sheath layer is proposed. The correction factor due to these surroundings is analytically found and confirmed by electromagnetic field finite difference time domain simulation, thus enabling the accurate measurement of electron density in a high-pressure non-equilibrium uniform discharge.

关键词： hairpin resonator probe simulation high-pressure plasma transmission line model

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Stem cells for liver tissue repair:Current knowledge and perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第6期14卷 864-875页

作者： Philippe A Lysy David Campard Fran oise Smets Mustapha Najimi Etienne M Sokal Université Catholique de Louvain & Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc HPED Department Unit PEDI Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy Brussels 1200 Belgium

Stem cells from extra-or intrahepatic sources have been recently characterized and their usefulness for the generation of hepatocyte-like lineages has been demonstrated. Therefore, they are being increasingly considered for future applications in liver cell therapy. In that field, liver cell transplantation is currently regarded as a possible alternative to whole organ transplantation, while stem cells possess theoretical advantages on hepatocytes as they display higher in vitro culture performances and could be used in autologous transplant procedures. However, the current research on the hepatic fate of stem cells is still facing difficulties to demonstrate the acquisition of a full mature hepatocyte phenotype, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the lack of obvious demonstration of in vivo hepatocyte-like cell functionality remains associated to low repopulation rates obtained after current transplantation procedures. The present review focuses on the current knowledge of the stem cell potential for liver therapy. We discuss the characteristics of the principal cell candidates and the methods to demonstrate their hepatic potential in vitro and in vivo. We finally address the question of the future clinical applications of stem cells for liver tissue repair and the technical aspects that remain to be investigated.

关键词： Stem cells Hepatocyte differentiation Liver regeneration Cell therapy

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Towards the development of cavitation technology for upgrading bitumen： Viscosity change and chemical cavitation yield measurements

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Petroleum Science 2017年第2期14卷 404-411页

作者： Deepak M. Kirpalani Dipti Prakash Mohapatra Energy Mining and Environment Portfolio National Research Council of Canada 1200 Montreal Road Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada

Among the different methods used for reducing viscosity of bitumen,acoustic cavitation during sonication is well *** chemical methods were used to detect the production of reactive species such as hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide during acoustic cavitation ***,quantification of cavitation yield in sonochemical systems is generally limited to low frequencies and has not been applied to bitumen *** empirical determination of the cavitation yield in midto high-frequency range（378,574,850,992,and1173 k Hz）was carried out by measuring the amount of iodine liberated from the oxidation of potassium iodide（KI）.Further,cavitation yield and the effects of different sonic operating conditions such as power input（16.67%–83.33%）and solute concentration on cavitation yield were carried out in KI solution and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose–water mixture to obtain benchmark changes in rheology and chemistry using these two model *** findings were then applied to bitumen upgrading through *** this study,it was found that the chemical cavitation yield peaked with a sonication frequency of 574 k *** was also found that cavitation yield and viscosity change were correlated directly in bitumen and a 38%lower bitumen viscosity could be obtained by acoustic cavitation.

关键词： Bitumen Cavitation yield CMC-water KI solution Viscosity correlation

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Liver cell transplantation for Crigler-Najjar syndrome type Ⅰ: Update and perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第22期14卷 3464-3470页

作者： Philippe A Lysy Mustapha Najimi Xavier Stéphenne Annick Bourgois Franoise Smets Etienne M Sokal Université Catholique de Louvain Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc HPED Department PEDI Unit Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy Brussels B-1200 Belgium

Liver cell transplantation is an attractive technique to treat liver-based inborn errors of metabolism. The feasibility and efficacy of the procedure has been demonstrated, leading to medium term partial metabolic control of various diseases. Crigler-Najjar is the paradigm of such diseases in that the host liver is lacking one function with an otherwise normal parenchyma. The patient is at permanent risk for irreversible brain damage. The goal of liver cell transplantation is to reduce serum bilirubin levels within safe limits and to alleviate phototherapy requirements to improve quality of life. Preliminary data on Gunn rats, the rodent model of the disease, were encouraging and have led to successful clinical trials. Herein we report on two additional patients and describe the current limits of the technique in terms of durability of the response as compared to alternative therapeutic procedures. We discuss the future developments of the technique and new emerging perspectives.

关键词： Hepatocyte transplantation Cell therapy Inborn error of metabolism Crigler-Najjar Liver regeneration Animal models

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The Man Who Organized Nature: The Life of Linnaeus by Gunnar Broberg

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昆虫分类学报(英文) 2023年第3期45卷 239-240页

作者： John Richard Schrock Division of Biology Emporia State University1200 CommercialEmporiaKansas

GunnarBroberg(1942–2022),a professor of history ideas and sciences at the Lund University in Sweden,has assembled and summarized virtually all of the contemporary documents relating to the life of Carl Linnaeus(1707–1778).This is therefore a fact-laden and definitive personal biography of the founder of our systems of plant and animal ***’childhood included much time in nature that forever provided him an experience background for the huge amount of plant and animal species he would *** his early days,his country was in an era of poverty where“hordes of starving,homeless people drifted along the roads in the years when the harvest failed.”Linnaeus himself“...could lie awake all night as he lacked the money for evening meals when he was a student.”He inserted paper into his shoes to cover the holes on which he walked.

关键词： money himself Nature

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1200bookshop

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出版人 2018年第8期 14-15页

作者：彭利强 1200bookshop

(坐标|广州)2013年的下半年,在台湾读研究所期间,我用了51天,走了将近1200公里,徒步环岛台湾一圈。徒步环岛远不止是一场旅行,它更像一场修行。——1200bookshop创办人刘二囍1200公里,是1200bookshop名字的来源。作为广州第一间不打烊书... 详细信息

(坐标|广州)2013年的下半年,在台湾读研究所期间,我用了51天,走了将近1200公里,徒步环岛台湾一圈。徒步环岛远不止是一场旅行,它更像一场修行。——1200bookshop创办人刘二囍1200公里,是1200bookshop名字的来源。作为广州第一间不打烊书店,自2014年7月开业以来,我们已经在广州开设5家书店。很快,以音乐为主题的北京路店也将和大家见面。4年来,我们举办了170多场周六晚上12点开始的,致力于让普通人分享经历的深夜故事分享会、也持续采访了1400多个来

关键词：沙发客人情味阅读区

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