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Simultaneous quantification of greenhouse gas and nitric oxide emissions from subtropical conventional vegetable systems:a 2-site field case study in Sichuan Basin

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Journal of mountain Science 2021年第3期18卷 671-682页

作者： ZHANG Bo-wen ZHOU Ming-hua ZHU Bo key laboratory of mountain surface processes and ecological regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Quantification of greenhouse gases[nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)and methane(CH_(4))]and nitric oxide(NO)emissions from subtropical conventional vegetable systems through multi-site field measurements are needed to obtain accurate regional and global estimates.N2 O,NO and CH4 emissions from subtropical conventional vegetable systems were simultaneously measured at two different sites with hilly topography in the Sichuan basin,southwest China by using the static chamber gas chromatography *** showed that annual soil N_(2)O and NO fluxes for the treatment receiving N fertilizer ranged from 6.34-7.71 kg N ha^(-1) yr^(-1) and 0.69-0.85 kg N ha^(-1) yr^(-1),respectively,while decreased soil CH4 uptakes by 26.4%as compared with no N fertilizer addition across our two sites of ***,the average direct N2 O and NO emission factor(EFd)were 0.71%and 0.12%,respectively,which were both lower than the available EFd for subtropical conventional vegetable *** finding indicates that current regional and global estimates of N_(2)O and NO emissions from vegetable fields are likely *** N_(2)O emissions(3.42-3.62 kg N ha^(-1) yr^(-1))from the subtropical conventional vegetable systems were relatively high as compared with available field measurements worldwide,suggesting that background N_(2)O emissions cannot be ignored for regional estimate of N_(2)O emissions in subtropical ***,the significantly intra-and inter-annual variations in N_(2)O,CH_(4) and NO emissions were also observed in the present study,which could be explained by temporal variations of environmental variables(*** temperature and moisture).The differences in N_(2)O and NO EFd and CH_(4)emissions between various vegetable systems in particular under subtropical conditions should be taken into account when compiling regional or global inventories and proposing mitigation practices.

关键词： Subtropical vegetable system Nitrous oxide Nitric oxide Methane Emission factor Background emissions

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Tempo-spatial variations of sediment-associated nutrients and contaminants in the Ruxi tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China

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Journal of mountain Science 2018年第2期15卷 319-326页

作者： SHI Zhong-lin WANG Yong-yan WEN An-bang YAN Dong-chun CHEN Jia-cun key laboratory of mountain surface processes and ecological regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Ruxi River is a tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir. This study examined the temporal and spatial dynamics in particle size characteristics and the associated nutrients and contaminants of the fluvial suspended and deposited sediments along the Ruxi River. Temporal variations in the particle size distribution of the suspended sediment are controlled mainly by differences in sediment source during different seasons. Total organic carbon （TOC）, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorous （TP） in the 〈 62 μm fraction of the suspended sediment exhibit considerably higher concentrations in spring, indicating high probability of algal blooms in the backwater areas. Downstream trends in the nutrient contents of 〈 62 pm deposited sediments imply the greatest potential for eutrophication in the backwater ends, where highest nutrient concentrations were detected. Assessment of metal contamination shows that the sediments deposited in the water-level fluctuation zone were moderately to strongly contaminated by Cadmium （Cd）, with a considerably high potential ecological risk. The findings reported have emphasized the impacts of reservoir impoundment on aquatic and/or terrestrial environment in this region. More information on physical, chemical and biological processes of sediment and sediment-associated materials are needed for developing ecologically sound policies management. environmentally and of water and sediment

关键词： Sediments Nutrients Trace metals Water-level fluctuation zone Ruxi tributary ThreeGorges Reservoir

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Effect of mixture sowing on biomass allocation in the artificially-planted pastures, Southeastern Tibetan

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Journal of mountain Science 2019年第1期16卷 54-63页

作者： CHEN Fan XIA Hao QIN Xiao-jing Power China Guiyang engineering corporation limited key laboratory of mountain surface processes and ecological regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Artificial planting is an important measure to promote the restoration of degraded grassland and protect the ecological environment. The objectives of the current study were to investigate the allocation pattern between aboveground biomass(AGB) and belowground biomass(BGB) in different seeding types of artificially-planted pastures. We explored the variation in biomass and the relationship between above-and belowground biomass in four artificiallyplanted pastures with one species from Elymus nutans Griseb(EN, perennial), Elymus sibiricus Linn(ES, perennial), Medicago sativa Linn(MS, perennial), and Avena sativa Linn(AS, annual) and in six artificially-planted communities with mixtures of two species by seeding ratio 1:1 from the abovementioned grasses(EN + AS, MS + AS, EN + ES, MS + EN, MS + ES, AS + ES) in 2015 and 2016. The results showed that E. nutans is the most productive species with the highest biomass production among the single crops. MS + ES was the most productive group in 2015, while the group with the highest biomass production changed to AS + ES in 2016. AGB was positively correlated to BGB in the surface soil layer in the first year, but positively related to BGB in the subsoil layer in the second year. In the early stageof artificial grassland succession, plants allocated more biomass to aboveground parts, with a root to shoot(R/S) ratio of 1.98. The slope of the log-log relationship between AGB and BGB was 1.07 in 2016, which is consistent with the isometric theory. Different sowing patterns strongly affected the accumulation and allocation of biomass in artificiallyplanted grassland, E. sibiricus was the suitable plant in the alpine regions, which will be conducive to understanding vegetation restoration and plant interactions in the future.

关键词： Artificial grassland Aboveground biomass Belowground biomass Mono seeding Mixed seeding Elymus

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The regional difference in engineering-control and tillage factors of Chinese Soil Loss Equation

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Journal of mountain Science 2021年第3期18卷 658-670页

作者： CHEN Rui-yin YAN Dong-chun WEN An-bang SHI Zhong-lin CHEN Jia-cun LIU Yuan CHEN Tai-li key laboratory of mountain surface processes and ecological regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Accurate assessment of soil erosion is an important prerequisite for controlling soil *** engineering-control(E)and tillage(T)factors are the keys for Chinese Soil Loss Equation(CSLE)to accurately evaluate water erosion in ***,the E and T factors can reflect the water and soil conservation effects of engineering-control and tillage *** in the current full coverage of soil erosion surveys in China(such as soil erosion dynamic monitoring),for the same practice,the E or T factors are assigned the same value across the *** selected 469 E and T factors data based on runoff plots from 73 publications,and they came from six soil and water conservation *** analysis,regression analysis,and nonparametric tests were used to determine the comparability of the data,and it was proved that the runoff plots dimensions are consistent with the local *** results of one-way ANOVA and nonparametric tests for E and T factors in different regions showed that the engineering-control practices have good soil and water conservation effects and weaken the regional differences of other environmental factors,so there were no significant differences in E factors between different ***,there were significant differences in T factors between different regions,and the geodetector was applied to explore the intrinsic driving force of the spatial distribution of T *** results of the geodetector showed that the dominant driving forces of the spatial distribution of different types of tillage practices were not completely the *** using CSLE to calculate water erosion,the E factor of the same practice can be used uniformly throughout the country,and the T factor needs to be considered and selected according to regional *** the same time,when choosing tillage practices in each water and soil conservation region,practices with better sediment reduction benefits should also be selected according to the regiona

关键词： Engineering-control factor Tillage factor Runoff plot Soil and water conservation regions Geodetector

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Farmer's Adaptive Strategies on Land Competition between Societal Outcomes and Agroecosystem Conservation in the Purple-soiled Hilly Region,Southwestern China

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Journal of mountain Science 2012年第1期9卷 77-86页

作者： TANG Qiang BAO Yuhai HE Xiubin ZHU Bo ZHANG Xinbao key laboratory of mountain surface processes and ecological regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The worldwide extension and intensification of farming during the last century has led to ecosystem degradation and caused a series of environmental *** of ecosystem services in agricultural regions has been implemented by top-down government actions or initiated by resilience scientists in the developed countries,but little attention was paid in the developing countries,especially in some remote mountainous *** present paper presents a case study showing how local farmers obtained both maximal societal outcomes and agroecosystem conservation interests in the absence of distinct boundaries between agricultural and protected ecological areas in the densely populated purple-soiled hilly region of southwestern *** local community(Yanting County) has developed a mosaic agricultural-forestry-fishery-stock breeding system with spatially targeted land uses,diverse agricultural productions and multiple ecological *** indicates that the local farmers have hereditarily perceived sound strategies on maximizing sustainable societal outcomes and optimizing tradeoffs among macro-market,state policy,new technological facility and ecological reinforcement.

关键词： Mosaic agroforestry system Adaptive strategies Land competition Agroecosystem conservation Purple-soiled hilly region China

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Incubation experiment demonstrates effects of carbon and nitrogen on microbial phosphate-solubilizing function

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2017年第4期60卷 436-438页

作者： Hongyang Sun Yanhong Wu Jun Zhou Haijian Bing key laboratory of mountain surface Process and ecological regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences

Dear Editor,Phosphorus（P）ultimately comes from rock weathering in natural ecosystems（Porder et al.,2007）,and thus solubilization of rock phosphate plays a crucial ecological role in P supply for the ***,microbial solubilization of rock phosphate is a vital process for the replenishment of available P in alpine ecosystems where the weathering degree of soil is low.

关键词： microbial rock vital comes alpine phosphorus ultimately weathering dissolved phospholipid

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Distribution of fluoride in surface water and a health risk assessment in the upper reaches of the Yongding River

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第6期30卷 908-920页

作者： WANG Tao SHAO Zhijiang YU Hui BAH Hamidou key laboratory of mountain surface processes and ecological regulation CAS:Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentCASChengdu 610041China Institute of Superior Agronomy and Veterinary of Faranah(ISAV/F) Faranah 131Guinea

The excessive exposure to high concentrations of fluoride in drinking water can lead to a serious disease called *** upstream region of the Yongding River is an ecological protection area for *** studies have reported that there is a high concentration of fluoride in the groundwater in this ***,there are few data on the distribution of fluoride in surface water and health risk assessments in this *** this study,the fluoride concentrations were determined by using the spectrophotometric method using data from 2013 to 2017 from 9 surface water quality monitoring stations in the upper reaches of the Yongding *** health risks of fluoride were assessed using the approach developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA).The results indicated that the fluoride content in the drinking water ranged from 0.30 to 1.50 mg L 1,with an average of 0.86 mg L"*** total,22.7%of the analyzed samples exceeded the Chinese limit of 1.0 mg L"1 for fluoride,and 5.5%of samples had less than the permissible limit of 0.5 mg L"*** fluoride concentrations and fluorosis hotspots were found to be predominately located downstream of the Yanghe River close to the Guanting Reservoir,where 71.4%of samples exceeded the limit of 1.0 mg/L'*** spatial distribution of high fluoride concentrations was found to be primarily determined by *** hazard quotient(HQ)index for children,teenagers and adults indicated that 19.6%,15.6%,and 5.1%of the samples in the upper reaches of the Yongding River,respectively,posed health hazards to the associated ***,the HQ index more than 1 for children,teenagers and adults had values of 64.3%,56.1%,and 19.4%,respectively,in samples from the downstream region of the Yanghe ***,there are potential risks of dental and skeletal fluorosis in the upper river reaches of the Yongding *** is imperative to take measures to reduce the fluoride pollution in surface water and contro

关键词： fluoride hazard quotient index surface water health risk Yongding River

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Rebirth after death: forest succession dynamics in response to climate change on Gongga mountain, Southwest China

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Journal of mountain Science 2018年第8期15卷 1671-1681页

作者： CHENG Gen-wei LU Xu-yang WANG Xiao-dan SUN Jian Institute of mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences key laboratory of mountain surface processes and ecological regulation Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Global climate change is having long-term impacts on the geographic distribution of forest species. However, the response of vertical belts of mountain forests to climate change is still little known. The vertical distribution of forest vegetation(vertical vegetation belt) on Gongga mountain in Southwest China has been monitored for 30 years. The forest alternation of the vertical vegetation belt under different climate conditions was simulated by using a mathematical model GFSM(the Gongga Forest Succession Model). Three possible Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) climate scenarios(increase of air temperature and precipitation by 1.8℃/5%, 2.8℃/10% and 3.4℃/15% for B_1, A_1B and A_2 scenarios, respectively) were chosen to reflect lower, medium and higher changes of global climate. The vertical belts of mountainous vegetation will shift upward by approximately 300 m, 500 m and 600 m in the B_1, A_1B and A_2 scenarios, respectively, according to the simulated results. Thus, the alpine tree-line will move to a higher altitude. The simulation also demonstrated that, in a changing climate, the shift in the vegetation community will be a slow and extended process characterized by two main phases. During the initial phase, trees of the forest community degrade or die, owing to an inability to adapt to a warmer climate. This results in modest environment for the introduction of opportunistic species, consequently, the vegetation with new dominant tree species becomes predominant in the space vacated by the dead trees at the expense of previously dominated original trees as the succession succeed and climate change advance. Hence, the global climate change would dramatically change forest communities and tree species in mountainous regions because that the new forest community can grow only through the death of the original tree. Results indicated that climate change will cause the change of distribution and composition of forest communities on Gongga mountain, a

关键词： Climate change Forest Succession Model Forest vegetation Vertical vegetation belt Forest succession Gongga mountain

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Air-drying changes the distribution of Hedley phosphorus pools in forest soils

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Pedosphere 2020年第2期30卷 272-284页

作者： Jipeng WANG Yanhong WU Jun ZHOU Haijian BING Hongyang SUN Ji LUO Shengyan PU key laboratory of mountain surface processes and ecological regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China State key laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China

Hedley labile phosphorus(P)pools in soil tend to be several times larger than annual forest requirements,even in highly weathered soils characterized by P *** discrepancy between plant and soil P status could be partly attributable to the frequently adopted air-drying pretreatment that tends to increase soil P *** this study,the effects of air-drying on the distribution of Hedley P fractions were examined using soils collected under 4 forest types at Gongga mountain,southwestern *** results showed that the microbial biomass P(Pmic)in the organic horizon decreased markedly after *** concentrations of Hedley labile P in the air-dried samples were 31%–73%more than those in the field-moist ***,the air-drying-induced increments of Hedley labile P pools in the surface soil horizons were 0.8–3.8 times the annual plant P *** organic horizon was more susceptible to the air-drying-induced increases in Hedley labile P than the mineral horizon,probably because of the stronger release of Pmicand disruption of soil organic *** quality of P,indexed by the ratio of Hedley labile P to slowly cycling P,shifted in favor of the Hedley labile fractions after air-drying,further revealing that air-drying changed the distribution of Hedley P pools in forest *** indicated that the effects of air-drying could not be ignored when interpreting the discrepancy between the P status of plants and the Hedley labile P pools in forest *** more efficiently evaluate the P status in forest soils via the Hedley fractionation procedure,the use of field-moist soils is recommended.

关键词： Hedley fractionation labile phosphorus microbial biomass phosphorus phosphorous limitation slowly cycling phosphorus soil pretreatment

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Temporal stability of aboveground net primary production in northern Tibet alpine steppe in response to nitrogen addition

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Journal of mountain Science 2019年第11期16卷 2679-2686页

作者： WU Jian-bo WANG Xiao-dan key laboratory of mountain Environment Evolution and ecological regulation Institute of Mountain Hazard and Environment CAS

The mechanism that sustains the temporal stability of aboveground net primary production(ANPP)respond to nitrogen deposition is still ***,we investigated the mechanism of temporal stability of ANPP through the effect of N addition on diversity,species asynchrony andportfolio effects in northern Tibet alpine steppe over a period of three *** results showed that the community temporal stability did not significantly correlate with the species richness and Shannon–Wiener *** asynchrony and stability was also not significantly affected by N addition(p>0.05).Furthermore,there was no significant relationship between species asynchrony and temporal *** the value of portfolio effects(z)(z=1.304,95%confidence intervals:1.029–1.597)was more than 1,the portfolio effects was not a primary driver of temporal stability due to the biodiversity being *** above results suggested that the richness,species asynchrony and portfolio effect could not support for mechanism of stability at the alpine *** the results of path analysis,species temporal stability positively supports the community temporal stability in the alpine steppe *** to the character of environment and vegetation of alpine steppe at North Tibet,we inferred that dominance species stability is more important than species richness for the community temporal stability.

关键词： Community temporal stability Species richness Species asynchrony Species temporal stability Portfolio effects Nitrogen deposition

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