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Human radiological safety assessment for petawatt laser-driven ion acceleration experiments in CLAPA-T

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 8-15页

作者： Xiaopeng Zhang Jiarui Zhao Shengxuan Xu Xun Chen Ying Gao Shiyou Chen Kun Zhu Xueqing Yan Wenjun Ma State key laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of EducationCAPTPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China key laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsCASBeijing 100049China Beijing Laser Acceleration Innovation Center HuairouBeijing 101400China Institute of Guangdong Laser Plasma Technology BaiyunGuangzhou 510540China

The newly built Compact Laser Plasma Accelerator-Therapy facility at Peking University will deliver 60 J/1 Hz laser pulses with 30 fs *** by this petawatt laser facility,proton beams with energy up to 200 MeV are expected to be generated for tumor *** high-repetition operation,both prompt radiation and residual radiation may cause safety ***,human radiological safety assessment before commissioning is *** this paper,we simulate both prompt and residual radiation using the Geant4 and FLUKA Monte Carlo codes with reasonable proton and as-produced electron beam *** find that the prompt radiation can be shielded well by the concrete wall of the experimental hall,but the risk from residual radiation is nonnegligible and necessitates adequate radiation *** the basis of the simulation results,we discuss the constraints imposed by radiation safety considerations on the annual working time,and we propose radiation cooling strategies for different shooting modes.

关键词： laser prompt acceleration

Diverse nucleotide substitutions in rice base editing mediated by novel TadA variants

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Plant Communications 2024年第8期5卷 104-112页

作者： Man Yu Yongjie Kuang Chenyang Wang Xuemei Wu Shaofang Li Dawei Zhang Wenxian Sun Xueping Zhou Bin Ren Huanbin Zhou State key laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Department of Plant Pathology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Scientific Observing and experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guilin Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuilin 541399China ministry of education key laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment College of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China State key laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding National Engineering Research Center for VegetablesBeijing Vegetable Research CenterBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry ScienceBeijing 100097China State key laboratory of Rice Biology Institute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China key laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies(Hainan) Ministry of Agricultural and Rural AffairsSanya 572024China

CRISPR-mediated base editors have been widely used to correct defective alleles and create novel alleles by artificial evolution for the rapid genetic improvement of *** editing capabilities of base editors strictly rely on the performance of various nucleotide modification *** with the welldeveloped adenine base editors(ABEs),cytosine base editors(CBEs)and dual base editors suffer from unstable editing efficiency and patterns at different genomic loci in rice,significantly limiting their ***,we comprehensively examined the base editing activities of multiple evolved TadA8e variants in *** found that both TadA-CDd and TadA-E27R/N46L achieved more robust C-to-T editing than previously reported hyperactive hAID*D,and TadA-CDd outperformed TadA-E27R/N46L.A C-to-G base editor(CGBE)engineered with TadA-CDd and OsUNG performed highly efficient C-to-G editing in rice compared with that of *** addition,a dual base editor constructed with a single protein,TadDE,enabled simultaneous,highly efficient C-to-T and A-to-G editing in ***,our results demonstrate that TadA8e derivatives improve both CBEs and dual base editors in rice,providing a powerful way to induce diverse nucleotide substitutions for plant genome editing.

关键词： CRISPR TadA variants cytosine base editing dual base editor rice

A modified smoothed particle hydrodynamics method considering residual stress for simulating failure and its application in layered rock mass

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 2091-2112页

作者： XIA Chengzhi SHI Zhenming KOU Huanjia Department of Geotechnical Engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China key laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of ministry of education Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Residual strength is an indispensable factor in evaluating rock fracture,yet the current Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH)framework rarely considers its influence when simulating *** improved cracking strategy considering residual stress in the base bond SPH method was proposed to simulate failures in layered rocks and slopes and verified by experimental results and other simulation methods(i.e.,the discrete element method).Modified Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion was applied to distinguish the mixed failure of tensile and *** fracture markψwas introduced to improve the kernel function after tensile damage,and the calculation of residual stress after the damage was derived after shear *** simulations were carried out to evaluate its performance under different stress and scale conditions and to verify its effectiveness in realistically reproducing crack initiation and propagation and coalescence,even fracture and *** results indicate that the improved cracking strategy precisely captures the fracture and failure pattern in layered rocks and rock *** residual stress of brittle tock is correctly captured by the improved SPH *** improved SPH method that considers residual strength shows an approximately 13%improvement in accuracy for the safety factor of anti-dip layered slopes compared to the method that does not consider residual strength,as validated against analytical *** infer that the improved SPH method is effective and shows promise for applications to continuous and discontinuous rock masses.

关键词： Smoothed particle hydrodynamics Cracking strategy Residual stress Layered rock Crack propagation

Temperature-dependent solubility of Rebaudioside A in methanol/ethanol and ethyl acetate mixtures:experimental measurements and thermodynamic modeling

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第8期72卷 164-176页

作者： Zhenguang Liu Zexiang Ding Yifeng Cao Baojian Liu Qiwei Yang Zhiguo Zhang Qilong Ren Zongbi Bao key laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of ministry of education College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou Quzhou 324000China

The equilibrium solubility of Rebaudioside A(Reb A)FormⅡin binary mixtures of methanol/ethanol and ethyl acetate was quantitatively determined within the temperature range of 283.15—328.15 K at ambient *** experimental findings indicate a positive correlation between the solubility of Reb A(FormⅡ)and both the temperature and the methanol/ethanol content in the solvent *** describe the solubility data,six distinct models were employed:the modified Apelblat equation,theλh model,the combined nearly ideal binary solvent/Redlich—Kister(CNIBS/R—K)model,the van't HoffJouyban-Acree(VJA)model,the Apelblat-Jouyban-Acree(AJA)model,and the non-random two-liquid(NRTL)*** combined nearly ideal binary solvent/Redlich—Kister model exhibited the most precise fit for solubility in methanol+ethyl acetate mixtures,reflected by an average relative deviation(ARD)of 0.0011 and a root mean square deviation(RMSD)of 12×10^(-7).Conversely,for ethanol+ethyl acetate mixtures,the modified Apelblat equation provided a superior correlation(ARD=0.0014,RMSD=4×10^(-7)).Furthermore,thermodynamic parameters associated with the dissolution of Reb A(FormⅡ),including enthalpy,entropy,and the Gibbs energy change,were inferred from the *** findings underscore that the dissolution process is predominantly endothermic across the solvent systems ***,the entropy changes appear to have a significant influence on the Gibbs free energy associated with the dissolution of Reb A(FormⅡ),suggesting that entropic factors may play a pivotal role in the studied systems.

关键词： Rebaudioside A Solubility Thermodynamic modeling Dissolution Binary solvent

Two polyoxovanadoborates with over 100 nuclei assembled from a {V_(14)Co_(12)B_(72)} cluster

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第8期67卷 2578-2585页

作者： Shuang-Xue Wu Yu-Jiao Dong Yang Yang Chao Qin Chun-Yi Sun Wei Guan Xin-Long Wang Zhong-Min Su key laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of ministry of education Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Changchun University of Science and TechnologyChangchun 130013China key laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China

Combining theoretical prediction and experimental exploration, the first sandwich-type polyoxovanadoborate(POVB) with an odd number of nuclei, [V_(11)B_(26)O_(73)(OH)_(10)]^(8-)(1), was discovered under hydrothermal conditions. Density-functional theory(DFT)gives a rationalization for the existence of this structure and the structural feature is consistent with the {V_NB_(2N+X)}(X = 2, 4, 6, 8)general formula. Excitingly, when Co and 1,10-phenanthroline(phen) are introduced into the synthesis of vanadoborates system,a 100-nuclei [Co_6(phen)_(10)(H_(2)O)_8][V_(14)Co_(12)B_(72)O_(144)(OH)_(20)]·28H_(2)O(2) and a 102-nuclei [Co_6(phen)_(14)(H_(2)O)_(4)][V_(14)Co_(12)B_(72)O_(144)(OH)_(20)]·23H_(2)O(3) with the same core structure of [V_(14)Co_(12)B_(72)]^(12-)are obtained. The vase-shaped [V_(14)Co_(12)B_(72)] polyanion is a multilayered sandwich-type structure containing seven distinct structural layers and is the largest known POVB. Furthermore, 2demonstrates exceptional thermal and chemical stability and serves as an efficient and stable catalyst for the photoreduction of carbon dioxide.

关键词： boronate metallic materials polyoxovanadoborates density functional theory photocatalysis CO_(2)reduction

experimental investigation of engineered geopolymer composite for structural strengthening against blast loads

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第2期32卷 496-509页

作者： Shan Liu Chunyuan Liu Yifei Hao Yi Zhang Li Chen Zhan Li key laboratory of Coast Civil Structure Safety of ministry of education Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Tianjin key laboratory of Prefabricated Buildings and Intelligent Construction Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300400China Institute of Defense Engineering AMSPLABeijing 100850China Engineering Research Center of Safety and Protection of Explosion&Impact of ministry of education Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189JiangsuChina State key laboratory of Disaster Prevention&Mitigation of Explosion&Impact Army Engineering University of the PLANanjing 210007JiangsuChina

The recent increase in blast/bombing incidents all over the world has pushed the development of effective strengthening approaches to enhance the blast resistance of existing civil *** geopolymer composite(EGC)is a promising material featured by eco-friendly,fast-setting and strain-hardening characteristics for emergent strengthening and ***,the fiber optimization for preparing EGC and its protective effect on structural elements under blast scenarios are *** this study,laboratory tests were firstly conducted to evaluate the effects of fiber types on the properties of EGC in terms of workability,dry shrinkage,and mechanical properties in compression,tension and *** experimental results showed that EGC containing PE fiber exhibited suitable workability,acceptable dry shrinkage and superior mechanical properties compared with other types of *** that,a series of field tests were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of EGC retrofitting layer on the enhancement of blast performance of typical *** tests include autoclaved aerated concrete(AAC)masonry walls subjected to vented gas explosion,reinforced AAC panels subjected to TNT explosion and plain concrete slabs subjected to contact *** was found that EGC could effectively enhance the blast resistance of structural elements in different *** AAC masonry walls and panels,with the existence of EGC,the integrity of specimens could be maintained,and their deflections and damage were significantly *** plain concrete slabs,the EGC overlay could reduce the diameter and depth of the crater and spallation of specimens.

关键词： Engineered geopolymer composites Fiber optimization Strengthening material Blast resistance Masonry wall Reinforced AAC panel Plain concrete slab

SH2B1 Tunes Hippocampal ERK Signaling to Influence Fluid Intelligence in Humans and Mice

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Research 2024年第3期2023卷 369-389页

作者： Xiujuan Du Yuhua Yan Juehua Yu Tailin Zhu Chu-Chung Huang Lingli Zhang Xingyue Shan Ren Li Yuan Dai Hui LV Xiao-Yong Zhang Jianfeng Feng Wei-Guang Li Qiang Luo Fei Li Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental HealthXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department Shanghai Xinhua Children's HospitalShanghai 200092China National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine at Huashan Hospital Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-lnspired IntelligenceMinistry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-lnspired IntelligenceFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China State key laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and ministry of education Frontiers Center for Brain Science Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenom InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Shanghai key laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics(ministry of education) School of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Huashan HospitalInstitute for Translational Brain ResearchState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Center for experimental Studies and Research The First Affliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming 650032China Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-lnspired Intelligence Shanghai201210China Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience School of Psychology and Cognitive ScienceEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China.

Fluid intelligence is a cognitive domain that encompasses general reasoning, pattern recognition, and problem-solving abilities independent of task-specific experience. Understanding its genetic and neural underpinnings is critical yet challenging for predicting human development, lifelong health, and well-being. One approach to address this challenge is to map the network of correlations between intelligence and other constructs. In the current study, we performed a genome-wide association study using fluid intelligence quotient scores from the UK Biobank to explore the genetic architecture of the associations between obesity risk and fluid intelligence. Our results revealed novel common genetic loci (SH2B1, TUFM, ATP2A1, and FOXO3) underlying the association between fluid intelligence and body metabolism. Surprisingly, we demonstrated that SH2B1 variation influenced fluid intelligence independently of its effects on metabolism but partially mediated its association with bilateral hippocampal volume. Consistently, selective genetic ablation of Sh2b1 in the mouse hippocampus, particularly in inhibitory neurons, but not in excitatory neurons, significantly impaired working memory, short-term novel object recognition memory, and behavioral flexibility, but not spatial learning and memory, mirroring the human intellectual performance. Single-cell genetic profiling of Sh2B1-regulated molecular pathways revealed that Sh2b1 deletion resulted in aberrantly enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, whereas pharmacological inhibition of ERK signaling reversed the associated behavioral impairment. Our cross-species study thus provides unprecedented insight into the role of SH2B1 in fluid intelligence and has implications for understanding the genetic and neural underpinnings of lifelong mental health and well-being.

关键词： metabolism impaired reversed

PRC2 primes bivalent genes for transcription induction independent of histone methyltransferase activity

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 2033-2035页

作者： Meihan Gong Ye Yuan Zhongye Dai Xuejiao Lv Jiacheng Su Dawei Huo Lin Niu Xu Chen Xudong Wu State key laboratory of experimental Hematology The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease(Ministry of Education)Department of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070China Bone Marrow Transplantation Center the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineLiangzhu LaboratoryInstitute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 311113China

Dear Editor,Polycomb group proteins,conserved epigenetic transcriptional repressors,are crucial for orchestrating diverse developmental gene expression programs(Schuettengruber et al.,2017).The polycomb repressive complex 2(PRC2)catalyzes H3 lysine-27 trimethylation(H3K27me3)to establish a delicate balance with H3K4me3,forming a bivalent chromatin state at target gene promoters and thereby poising them for subsequent transcription activation(Bernstein et al.,2006).

关键词： valent thereby subsequent

Low H_(2)O_(2)consumption Fenton-like catalysts for pollutant cleavage based on the construction of a dual reaction center

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第11期145卷 107-116页

作者： Weixiang Liao Ziwen Zhao Lai Lyu Chun Hu Fan Li key laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta Ministry of EducationInstitute of Environmental Research at Greater BayGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China key laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China South China Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentGuangzhou 510345China

High energy consumption has seriously hindered the development of Fenton-like reactions for the removal of refractory organic pollutants in *** solve this problem,we designed a novel Fenton-like catalyst(Cu-PAN3)by coprecipitation and carbon thermal *** catalyst exhibits excellent Fenton-like catalytic activity and stability for the degradation of various pollutants with low H_(2)O_(2)*** experimental results indicate that the dual reaction centers(DRCs)are composed of Cu-N-C and Cu-O-C bridges between copper and graphene-like carbon,which form electron-poor/rich centers on the catalyst surface.H_(2)O_(2)is mainly reduced at electron-rich Cu centers to free radicals for pollutant ***,pollutants can be oxidized by donating electrons to the electron-poor C centers of the catalyst,which inhibits the ineffective decomposition of H_(2)O_(2)at the electron-poor *** therefore significantly reduces the consumption of H_(2)O_(2)and reduces energy consumption.

关键词： Water purification Fenton-like Dual reaction centers Graphene-like carbon Low H_(2)O_(2)consumption