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Regulation of mitochondrial NAD pool via NAD^+ transporter 2 is essential for matrix NADH homeostasis and ROS production in Arabidopsis

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science China(Life sciences) 2019年第8期62卷 991-1002页

作者： Lilan Luo Yajun He Yannan Zhao Qian Xu Jian Wu Haiyan Ma Hongyan Guo Lin Bai Jianru Zuo Jian-Min Zhou Hong Yu Jiayang Li State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyTheInnovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing100049China Department of Plant sciences Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel

Reactive oxygen species(ROS) play a crucial role in numerous biological processes in plants, including development, responses to environmental stimuli, and programmed cell death(PCD). Deficiency in MOSAIC DEATH 1(MOD1), a plastid-localized enoyl-ACP reductase essential for de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana, leads to the increased malate export from chloroplasts to mitochondria, and the subsequent accumulation of mitochondria-generated ROS and PCD. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a mod1 suppressor, som592. SOM592 encodes mitochondrion-localized NAD^+ transporter 2(NDT2). We show that the mitochondrial NAD pool is elevated in the mod1 mutant. The som592 mutation fully suppressed mitochondrial NADH hyper-accumulation, ROS production, and PCD in the mod1 mutant, indicating a causal relationship between mitochondrial NAD accumulation and ROS/PCD phenotypes. We also show that in wild-type plants, the mitochondrial NAD+uptake is involved in the regulation of ROS production in response to continuous photoperiod. Elevation of the alternative respiration pathway can suppress ROS accumulation and PCD in mod1, but leads to growth restriction. These findings uncover a regulatory mechanism for mitochondrial ROS production via NADH homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana that is likely important for growth regulation in response to altered photoperiod.

关键词： mitochondrial NAD pool NAD^+ transporter 2 mtROS

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The polyketide synthase OsPKS2 is essential for pollen exine and Ubisch body patterning in rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第9期59卷 612-628页

作者： Xiaolei Zhu Jing Yu Jianxin Shi Takayuki Tohge Alisdair R.Fernie Sagit Meir Asaph Aharoni Dawei Xu Dabing Zhang Wanqi Liang Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic&Developmental sciences Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and HealthSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Central Metabolism Group Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology14476 Potsdam-GolmGermany Department of Plant sciences Weizmann Institute of SciencePO Box 26Rehovot 76100Israel School of Agriculture Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusSA 5005Australia

Lipid and phenolic metabolism are important for pollen exine formation. In Arabidopsis, polyketide synthases （PKSs） are essential for both sporopollenin biosynthesis and exine formation. Here, we characterized the role of a polyketide synthase （OsPKS2） in male reproduction of rice （Oryza sativa）. Recombinant OsPKS2 catalyzed the condensation of fatty acyl-CoA with malonyl- CoA to generate triketide and tetraketide α-pyrones, the main components of pollen exine. Indeed, the ospks2 mutant had defective exine patterning and was male sterile. However, the mutant showed no significant reduction in sporopollenin accumulation. Compared with the WT （wild type）, ospks2 displayed unconfined and amorphous tectum and nexine layers in the exine, and less organized Ubisch bodies. Like the pksb/lap5 mutant of the Arabidopsis ortholog, ospks2 showed broad alterations in the profiles of anther-related phenolic compounds. However, unlike pksb/laps, in which most detected phenolics were substantially decreased, ospks2 accumu- lated higher levels of phenolics. Based on these results and our observation that OsPKS2 is unable to fully restore the exine defects in the pksb/laps, we propose that PKS proteins have functionally diversified during evolution. Collectively, our results suggest that PKSs represent a conserved and diversified biochemical pathway for anther and pollen development in higher plants.

关键词： PKS The polyketide synthase OsPKS2 is essential for pollen exine and Ubisch body patterning in rice Figure

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The Arabidopsis Cysteine-Rich GASA5 Is a Redox-Active Metalloprotein that Suppresses Gibberellin Responses

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Molecular Plant 2014年第1期7卷 244-247页

作者： Lior Rubinovich Sharon Ruthstein David Weiss institute of Plant sciences and Genetics in Agriculture The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem PO Box 12 Rehovot 76100 Israel Department of Chemistry Faculty of Exact Science Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan 5290002 Israel

The plant-specific GIBBERELLIN （GA）-STIMULATED TRANSCRIPT 1 （GAST1）-like genes have been identified in numerous plant species and many of them are regulated by the phytohormone GA. All encode small proteins with a conserved cysteine-rich C-terminus, containing 12 cysteines in conserved positions. The fact that the number and positions of all 12 cysteines have not changed during the course of evolution strongly implies fundamental and important biochemical and bioloaical functions.

关键词： SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASES PROTEIN STRESS GENES

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Gene Expression Profiles Predict Sensitivity of Prostate Cancer to Radiotherapy

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2013年第4期4卷 11-26页

作者： Lilach Agemy Itai Kela Tova Waks Raphael M. Pfeffer Anat Bar-Shira Avi Orr-Urtreger Eytan Domany Zelig Eshhar Department of Immunology Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel Department of Radiation Oncology The Sheba Medical Center Ramat Gan Israel Genetic institute Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Tel-Aviv University Tel-Aviv Israel Physics of Complex Systems Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel

Ionizing radiation (IR) is the most common treatment used to control localized primary prostate cancer (PC). However, for a significant number of patients, radiotherapy fails to adequately control the tumor. Thus, a main clinical problem today is the lack of a specific marker that may be used to predict the treatment outcome and to identify prostate cancer patients who are unlikely to respond to radiation therapy. In this study, we used human PC xenografts with predetermined radioresistant/sensitive phenotypes, and gene expression microarrays, correlated their specific transcripttional profiles with response to radiation. Employing unsupervised two-way hierarchical clustering, we identified four gene clusters displaying different expression patterns. Two clusters showed higher expression levels in the resistant xenografts and the other two clusters showed higher expression levels in the sensitive xenografts. Expression levels of 113 genes differed by at least 3 fold between sensitive and resistant xenografts. These genes represent members of several cellular pathways, some of which are known to be associated with response to radiation. All or several of these genes could serve as predictive tools to determine at biopsy the expected response of a particular tumor to radiotherapy. Indeed, the profiles we identified enabled us to predict the degree of radiosensitivity of a panel of established PC cell lines. Importantly, irradiation of the PC xenografts did not induce any significant changes in gene expression, regardless of their susceptibility phenotype. These data strongly support the first of two models: a: a random effect of irradiation on a homogeneous population of cells, rather than b: of a tumor comprised of a mixture of radioresistant and radiosensitive cell subpopulations. Our findings imply that each of the radio-phenotypes represents different intrinsic characteristics that affect the ability of a tumor to survive radiotherapy.

关键词： Prostate Cancer Ionizing Radiation Radioresistance Radiosensitive Gene Microarray Transcription Profiles

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Bemisia tabaci Biotype Dynamics and Resistance to Insecticides in Israel During the Years 2008-2010

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 312-320页

作者： Svetlana Kontsedalov Fauzi Abu-Moch Galina Lebedev Henryk Czosnek A Rami Horowitz Murad Ghanim Department of Entomology Agricultural Research OrganizationVolcani CenterBet Dagan 50250Israel institute of Plant sciences Faculty of AgricultureRehovot 76100Israel Department of Entomology Agricultural Research OrganizationGilat Research CenterM.P.Negev 85280Israel

The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci（Hemiptera：Aleyrodidae）is an extremely polyphagous insect pest that causes significant crop losses in Israel and *** is a species complex of which the B and Q biotypes are the most widespread and damaging *** change in biotype composition and resistance to insecticide in Israel was monitored during the years 2008-2010 to identify patterns in population dynamics that can be correlated with resistance *** results show that B biotype populations dominate crops grown in open fields,while Q biotype populations gradually dominate crops grown in protected conditions such as greenhouses and nethouses,where resistance outbreaks usually develop after several insecticide *** in previous years,Q biotype populations were widely detected in many regions in Israel,significant domination of the B biotype across populations collected was observed during the year 2010,indicating the instability of the *** population from one year to *** for the changing dynamics and the shift in the relative abundance of *** biotype,and their resistance status,are discussed.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci biotype insecticide monitoring resistance

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Involvement of the Hexose Transporter Gene LeHT1 and of Sugars in Resistance of Tomato to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus

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Molecular Plant 2013年第5期6卷 1707-1710页

作者： Dagan Sade Yariv Brotman Assa f Eybishtz Alvaro Cuadros-lnostroza Alisdair R. Fernie Lothar Willmitzer Henry Czosnek institute of Plant sciences and Genetics in Agriculture The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot 76100 Israel Max-Planck institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Muhlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany

Dear Editor, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus （TYLCV） is a whitefly-trans- mitted geminivirus infecting tomato crops （Czosnek, 2007）. TYLCV-resistant （R） and susceptible （S） lines with the same genetic background have been bred using Solanum habro- chaites as the resistance source. The gene（s） conferring resist- ance are unknown. Previously, we demonstrated that the hexose transporter gene LeHT1 is up-regulated upon infec- tion in R plants and its silencing in R plants （RH） leads to the collapse of resistance （Eybishtz et al., 2010）. To uncover the role of LeHT1 in resistance, we （1） analyzed the transcriptome reprogramming in leaves of S, R, and RH plants using a home- designed microarray, before and 7 d after TYLCV inoculation （0, 7 dpi）, and （2） measured the concentration of sugars and their derivatives in S, R, and RH leaves at 1 and 7 dpi because LeHT1 is transporting both glucose and fructose （McCurdy et al., 2010）.

关键词： curl virus whitefly-transmitted geminivirus TYLCV inoculation

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Tissue Culture of Calla Lily (Zantedeschia spreng.): An Updated Review on the Present Scenario and Future Prospects

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第8期92卷 2413-2428页

作者： Xuan Sun Xue Wang Bijaya Sharma Subedi Yin Jiang Di Wang Rongxin Gou Guojun Zhang Wenting Xu Zunzheng Wei institute of Grassland Flowers and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing100097China College of Horticultural science&Technology Hebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative UtilizationHebei Normal University of Science&TechnologyQinhuangdao066004China Department of Agroecology and Plant Health The Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot7610001Israel Zhejiang institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou311251China

The calla lily(Zantedeschia spreng.)is a bulbousﬂower native to the tropical regions of *** lily has gained signiﬁcant popularity in the international market owing to its intricate morphology and prolonged flowering *** such advantages,for two sub-groups of calla lily,known as group Zantedeschia and group Aestivae,there are challenges in terms of hybrid production due to the‘plastome-genome incompatibility’*** culture is a fundamental biotechnological tool used in gene editing research,with a focus on disease resistance andﬂower color in calla lily breeding *** present review provides a brief background on the history and development of the calla lily,as well as a comprehensive and critical summary of calla lily tissue culture *** regeneration pathways for both group Zantedeschia and group Aestivae can be divided into de novo organogenesis and somatic *** groups are capable of obtaining replants through such ***,only some species in group Aestivae have been reported to be successful in the somatic embryogenesis *** the present review,special attention was paid to the inﬂuence of explant types,plant growth regulators,and culture conditions on both de novo organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in calla lily tissue ***,future research prospects were determined based on integrated analysis of recent progress in calla lily tissue culture research.

关键词： Calla lily tissue culture organogenesis somatic embryogenesis

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Affinity-induced covalent protein-protein ligation via the SpyCatcherSpyTag interaction

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Green Carbon 2023年第1期1卷 33-42页

作者： Jacob O.Fierer Omar E.Tovar-Herrera Jonathan Y.Weinstein Amaranta Kahn Sarah Moraïs Itzhak Mizrahi Edward A.Bayer Department of Biomolecular sciences the Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel Department of Life sciences Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva 84105Israel National institute of Biotechnology in the Negev Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBe’er Sheva 84105Israel The Goldman Sonnenfeldt School of Sustainability and Climate Change Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer Sheva 84105Israel

Production of economically viable bioethanol is potentially an environmentally and financially worthwhile *** major source for fermentable sugars is ***,lignocellulosic biomass is difficult to degrade,owing to its inherent structural *** are complexes of cellulases and associated polysaccharide-degrading enzymes bound to a protein scaffold that can efficiently degrade *** of the enzyme subunits into the complex depends on intermodular cohesin-dockerin interactions,which are robust but nonetheless *** modular architecture of these complexes can be used to assemble artificial designer cellulosomes for advanced nanotechnological *** that promote lignocellulose degradation involve high temperatures and acidic or alkaline conditions that could dismember designer cellulosomes,thus requiring separation of reaction steps,thereby increasing overall process *** overcome these challenges,we developed a means of covalently locking cohesin-dockerin interactions by integrating the chemistry of SpyCatcher-SpyTag approach to target and secure the *** resultant cohesin-conjugated dockerin complex was resistant to high temperatures,SDS,and urea while high affinity and specificity of the interacting modular components were *** this approach,a covalently locked,bivalent designer cellulosome complex was produced and demonstrated to be enzymatically active on cellulosic *** combination of affinity systems with SpyCatcher-SpyTag chemistry may prove of general use for improving other types of protein ligation systems and creating unconventional,biologically active,covalently locked,affinity-based molecular architectures.

关键词： Synthetic Biology Protein Ligation Cellulosomes Cohesin Dockerin Protein Engineering Cellulose Degradation

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Timing and regulation of hematopoietic stem cell colonization of the human fetal bone marrow by endothelial and CAR stromal cells during pregnancy

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Blood science 2023年第2期5卷 140-140页

作者： Tsvee Lapidot Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology(IRB) Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael

The bone marrow(BM)contains the major reservoir of immature and maturing hematopoietic and immune cells throughout adult life while also harboring most hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells(HSPCs).BM-retained hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)are mostly maintained in a quiescent,non-motile mode.A small fraction of BM-retained HSPC daily proliferate,differentiate,and migrate to the circulation,to replenish the blood with new immature and maturing blood and(all)immune(both myeloid and lymphoid)cells with a finite life span.1 The anti-coagulation and anti-inflammatory receptor EPCR is also functionally expressed by primitive BM-retained HSCs which are endowed with the highest competitive long-term repopulation potential(LT-HSC).Only BM-retained,quiescent EPCR-positive LT-HSCs are protected from DNA damaging insults including clinical chemotherapy and radiation treatments.

关键词： hematopoietic fetal reservoir

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Stable femtosecond X-rays with tunable polarization from a laser-driven accelerator

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Light(science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 410-416页

作者： Andreas Döpp Benoit Mahieu Agustin Lifschitz Cedric Thaury Antoine Doche Emilien Guillaume Gabriele Grittani Olle Lundh Martin Hansson Julien Gautier Michaela Kozlova Jean Philippe Goddet Pascal Rousseau Amar Tafzi Victor Malka Antoine Rousse Sebastien Corde Kim Ta Phuoc Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée ENSTACNRS UMR7639Ecole PolytechniqueChemin de la Hunière91761 PalaiseauFrance Present address:Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Fakultät für PhysikAm Coulombwall 1Garching 85748Germany ELI Beamlines Project Institute of Physics of the ASCRNa Slovance 218221 Prague 8Czech Republic Department of Physics Lund UniversityPO Box 11822100 LundSweden Department of Physics and Complex Systems Weizmann Institute of Science76100 RehovotIsrael

Technology based on high-peak-power lasers has the potential to provide compact and intense radiation sources for a wide range of innovative *** particular,electrons that are accelerated in the wakefield of an intense laser pulse oscillate around the propagation axis and emit *** betatron source,which essentially reproduces the principle of a synchrotron at the millimeter scale,provides bright radiation with femtosecond duration and high spatial ***,despite its unique features,the usability of the betatron source has been constrained by its poor control and *** this article,we demonstrate the reliable production of X-ray beams with tunable *** ionization-induced injection in a gas mixture,the orbits of the relativistic electrons emitting the radiation are reproducible and *** observe that both the signal and beam profile fluctuations are significantly reduced and that the beam pointing varies by less than a tenth of the beam *** polarization ratio reaches 80%,and the polarization axis can easily be *** anticipate a broad impact of the source,as its unprecedented performance opens the way for new applications.

关键词： laser-plasma interaction laser-wakefield acceleration synchrotron light sources

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