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Millimetric devices for nerve stimulation:a promising path towards miniaturization

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1702-1706页

作者： Ryan M.Dorrian Anna V.Leonard Antonio Lauto Spinal Cord Injury Research Group School of BiomedicineThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia School of Science Western Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia

Nerve stimulation is a rapidly developing field,demonstrating positive outcomes across several conditions.Despite potential benefits,current nerve stimulation devices are large,complicated,and are powered via implanted pulse generators.These facto rs necessitate invasive surgical implantation and limit potential applications.Reducing nerve stimulation devices to millimetric sizes would make these interventions less invasive and facilitate broader therapeutic applications.However,device miniaturization presents a serious engineering challenge.This review presents significant advancements from several groups that have overcome this challenge and developed millimetricsized nerve stimulation devices.These are based on antennas,mini-coils,magneto-electric and optoelectronic materials,or receive ultrasound power.We highlight key design elements,findings from pilot studies,and present several considerations for future applications of these devices.

关键词： biomedical engineering deep brain stimulation electrical engineering electrical stimulation neuromodulation peripheral nerve stimulation

Safety for all temperature zinc-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 299-301页

作者： Sailin Liu Zaiping Guo School of Chemical Engineering the University of AdelaideSA 5000Australia

Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have emerged as a promising candidate in the grid scale energy storage,offering an alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries.However,as research and development efforts in this field progress,it becomes increasingly important to address potential hazards associated with flammable gases and electrolyte components.This future paper aims to raise awareness of safety issues that may be overlooked and underscore two primary temperature-induced hazards:long-term cycling H_(2) gas accu-mulation and flammable organic solvents.We evaluate various electrolytes aimed at minimizing gas pro-duction and improving high-temperature adaptability.Particularly,we emphasize the effectiveness of electrolyte modifications,especially co-solvent approach in addressing the above safety concerns and suggest pathways for formulating practical safe electrolytes.Notably,apart from examining the inherent electrochemical stability window(EsW)of the electrolyte,we urge consideration of side reaction prod-ucts on electrode interfaces and high temperatures as factors influencing a battery's EsW.

关键词： battery electrolyte offering

Periodic event-triggered secure consensus for networked mechanical systems under Denial-of-Service attacks

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Control Theory and Technology 2024年第1期22卷 1-13页

作者： Shiqi Zheng Zhipeng Li Chao Zhai Peng Shi School of Automation China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074HubeiChina School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA5005Australia School of Electronic Electrical Engineering and PhysicsFujian University of TechnologyFuzhou350100FujianChina

This paper concentrates on the secure consensus problem of networked mechanical/Euler–Lagrange systems.First,a new periodic event-triggered(PET)secure distributed observer is proposed to estimate the leader information.The proposed distributed observer only relies on the PET data from its neighbors,which can significantly reduce the communication and computational burden.More importantly,it is secure in the sense that it can work normally regardless of the Denial-of-Service(DoS)attacks.Second,based on the proposed distributed observer,an adaptive fuzzy control law is proposed for each Euler–Lagrange system.A PET mechanism is integrated into the controller,which can reduce the control update.This is helpful for both energy saving and fault tolerance of actuators.Moreover,the PET mechanism naturally makes the controller easy to be implemented in digital platform.The property of fuzzy logic systems and Gronwall inequality are skillfully utilized to show the stability of the closed-loop system.Finally,the proposed control scheme is verified on real Euler–Lagrange systems,which contain a robot manipulator and several servo motors.

关键词： Output regulation Mechanical/Euler-Lagrange systems Periodic event-triggered mechanism Denial-of-Service attacks

Microwave shock motivating the Sr substitution of 2D porous GdFeO_(3) perovskite for highly active oxygen evolution

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 232-241,I0006页

作者： Jinglin Xian Huiyu Jiang Zhiao Wu Huimin Yu Kaisi Liu Miao Fan Rong Hu Guangyu Fang Liyun Wei Jingyan Cai Weilin Xu Huanyu Jin Jun Wan State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing&FinishingWuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200HubeiChina Future Industries Institute STEMUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5095Australia Institute for Sustainability Energy and ResourcesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia

The incorporation of partial A-site substitution in perovskite oxides represents a promising strategy for precisely controlling the electronic configuration and enhancing its intrinsic catalytic activity.Conventional methods for A-site substitution typically involve prolonged high-temperature processes.While these processes promote the development of unique nanostructures with highly exposed active sites,they often result in the uncontrolled configuration of introduced elements.Herein,we present a novel approach for synthesizing two-dimensional(2D)porous GdFeO_(3) perovskite with A-site strontium(Sr)substitution utilizing microwave shock method.This technique enables precise control of the Sr content and simultaneous construction of 2D porous structures in one step,capitalizing on the advantages of rapid heating and cooling(temperature~1100 K,rate~70 K s^(-1)).The active sites of this oxygen-rich defect structure can be clearly revealed through the simulation of the electronic configuration and the comprehensive analysis of the crystal structure.For electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction application,the synthesized 2D porous Gd_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)FeO_(3) electrocatalyst exhibits an exceptional overpotential of 294 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)and a small Tafel slope of 55.85 mV dec^(-1)in alkaline electrolytes.This study offers a fresh perspective on designing crystal configurations and the construction of nanostructures in perovskite.

关键词： 2D materials Perovskite Microwave Electrocatalysis Oxygen evolution reaction

Experimental study of face passive failure features of a shallow shield tunnel in coastal backfill sand

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 252-271页

作者： Weifeng QIAN Ming HUANG Bingnan WANG Chaoshui XU Yanfeng HU School of Civil Engineering Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China School of Civil Environment and Mining EngineeringUniversity of AdelaideAdelaide 5005Australia China First Highway Xiamen Engineering Co. Ltd.Xiamen 361000China

Face passive failure can severely damage existing structures and underground utilities during shallow shield tunneling,especially in coastal backfill sand.In this work,a series of laboratory model tests were developed and conducted to investigate such failure,for tunnels located at burial depth ratios for which C/D=0.5,0.8,1,and 1.3.Support pressures,the evolution of failure processes,the failure modes,and the distribution of velocity fields were examined through model tests and numerical analyses.The support pressure in the tests first rose rapidly to the elastic limit and then gradually increased to the maximum value in all cases.The maximum support pressure decreased slightly in cases where C/D=0.8,1,and 1.3,but the rebound was insignificant where C/D=0.5.In addition,the configuration of the failure mode with C/D=0.5 showed a wedge-shaped arch,which was determined by the outcropping shear failure.The configuration of failure modes was composed of an arch and the inverted trapezoid when C/D=0.8,1,and 1.3,in which the mode was divided into lower and upper failure zones.

关键词： tunnel face stability passive failure model test support pressure failure mode

Microwave-assisted exploration of the electron configuration-dependent electrocatalytic urea oxidation activity of 2D porous NiCo_(2)O_(4) spinel

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 226-235页

作者： Jun Wan Zhiao Wu Guangyu Fang Jinglin Xian Jiao Dai Jiayue Guo Qingxiang Li Yongfei You Kaisi Liu Huimin Yu Weilin Xu Huiyu Jiang Minggui Xia Huanyu Jin State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing&FinishingWuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200HubeiChina Institute for Sustainability Energy and ResourcesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson Lakes CampusAdelaideSA 5095Australia

Urea holds promise as an alternative water-oxidation substrate in electrolytic cells.High-valence nickelbased spinel,especially after heteroatom doping,excels in urea oxidation reactions(UOR).However,traditional spinel synthesis methods with prolonged high-temperature reactions lack kinetic precision,hindering the balance between controlled doping and highly active two-dimensional(2D)porous structures design.This significantly impedes the identification of electron configuration-dependent active sites in doped 2D nickel-based spinels.Herein,we present a microwave shock method for the preparation of 2D porous NiCo_(2)O_(4)spinel.Utilizing the transient on-off property of microwave pulses for precise heteroatom doping and 2D porous structural design,non-metal doping(boron,phosphorus,and sulfur)with distinct extranuclear electron disparities serves as straightforward examples for investigation.Precise tuning of lattice parameter reveals the impact of covalent bond strength on NiCo_(2)O_(4)structural stability.The introduced defect levels induce unpaired d-electrons in transition metals,enhancing the adsorption of electron-donating amino groups in urea molecules.Simultaneously,Bode plots confirm the impact mechanism of rapid electron migration caused by reduced band gaps on UOR activity.The prepared phosphorus-doped 2D porous NiCo_(2)O_(4),with optimal electron configuration control,outperforms most reported spinels.This controlled modification strategy advances understanding theoretical structure-activity mechanisms of high-performance 2D spinels in UOR.

关键词： 2D materials Spinel Microwave Electrocatalysis Urea oxidation reaction

Tackling the proton limit under industrial electrochemical CO_(2)reduction by a local proton shuttle

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Carbon Energy 2024年第4期6卷 233-243页

作者： Tianye Shao Kang Yang Sheng Chen Min Zheng Ying Zhang Qiang Li Jingjing Duan MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment School of Energy and Power EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjingChina School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials The University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia

Industrial CO_(2)electroreduction has received tremendous attentions for resolution of the current energy and environmental crisis,but its performance is greatly limited by mass transport at high current density.In this work,an ion‐polymer‐modified gas‐diffusion electrode is used to tackle this proton limit.It is found that gas diffusion electrode‐Nafion shows an impressive performance of 75.2%Faradaic efficiency in multicarbon products at an industrial current density of 1.16 A/cm^(2).Significantly,in‐depth electrochemical characterizations combined with in situ Raman have been used to determine the full workflow of protons,and it is found that HCO_(3)^(−)acts as a proton pool near the reaction environment,and HCO_(3)^(−)and H_(3)O^(+)are local proton donors that interact with the proton shuttle−SO_(3)^(−)from Nafion.With rich proton hopping sites that decrease the activation energy,a“Grotthuss”mechanism for proton transport in the above system has been identified rather than the“Vehicle”mechanism with a higher energy barrier.Therefore,this work could be very useful in terms of the achievement of industrial CO_(2)reduction fundamentally and practically.

关键词： industrial CO_(2)electroreduction proton donor proton pool proton shuttle proton transport mechanism

Harnessing the power of complex light propagation in multimode fibers for spatially resolved sensing

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 411-422页

作者： DARCY L.SMITH LINH V.NGUYEN MOHAMMAD I.REJA ERIK P.SCHARTNER HEIKE EBENDORFF-HEIDEPRIEM DAVID J.OTTAWAY STEPHEN C.WARREN-SMITH Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Physics Chemistry and Earth SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery(OzGrav) AdelaideSAAustralia Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia Laser Physics and Photonics Devices Laboratory University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia

The propagation of coherent light in multimode optical fibers results in a speckled output that is both complex and sensitive to environmental effects.These properties can be a powerful tool for sensing,as small perturbations lead to significant changes in the output of the fiber.However,the mechanism to encode spatially resolved sensing information into the speckle pattern and the ability to extract this information are thus far unclear.In this paper,we demonstrate that spatially dependent mode coupling is crucial to achieving spatially resolved measurements.We leverage machine learning to quantitatively extract the spatially resolved sensing information from three fiber types with dramatically different characteristics and demonstrate that the fiber with the highest degree of spatially dependent mode coupling provides the greatest accuracy.

关键词： fiber spatially resolved

CAT: A Simple yet Effective Cross-Attention Transformer for One-Shot Object Detection

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2024年第2期39卷 460-471页

作者：林蔚东邓玉岩高扬王宁刘凌峤张磊王鹏 School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710000China National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710000China School of Computer Science The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 0115Australia

Given a query patch from a novel class,one-shot object detection aims to detect all instances of this class in a target image through the semantic similarity comparison.However,due to the extremely limited guidance in the novel class as well as the unseen appearance difference between the query and target instances,it is difficult to appropriately exploit their semantic similarity and generalize well.To mitigate this problem,we present a universal Cross-Attention Transformer(CAT)module for accurate and efficient semantic similarity comparison in one-shot object detection.The proposed CAT utilizes the transformer mechanism to comprehensively capture bi-directional correspondence between any paired pixels from the query and the target image,which empowers us to sufficiently exploit their semantic characteristics for accurate similarity comparison.In addition,the proposed CAT enables feature dimensionality compression for inference speedup without performance loss.Extensive experiments on three object detection datasets MS-COCO,PASCAL VOC and FSOD under the one-shot setting demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our model,e.g.,it surpasses CoAE,a major baseline in this task,by 1.0%in average precision(AP)on MS-COCO and runs nearly 2.5 times faster.

关键词： one-shot object detection Transformer attention mechanism