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Evidence for active generation and seepage of sub-salt natural gas/condensate blend in the east offshore Nile Delta, Egypt: Integrated geochemical, petrophysical and seismic attribute approaches

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Petroleum science 2025年第1期22卷 130-150页

作者： mahmoud Leila Ahmed A.Radwan Amir Ismail Emad A.Eysa Geology Department Faculty of Science Mansoura University School of mining and Geosciences Nazarbayev University Department of Geology Faculty of Science Al-Azhar UniversityAssiut Branch Department of Geology Faculty of Science Helwan University Department of Physical and Environmental sciences Texas A&M University—Corpus Christi Geology Department Faculty of Science Zagazig University

Offshore Nile Delta in Egypt represents an enormous hydrocarbon province with recent projected gas and condensate discoveries of more than 50 trillion cubic feet “TCF”. most of these occur in the post-salt hydrocarbon plays where biogenic gases are dominant. This study integrates organic geochemistry,seismic geomorphology and petrophysics in order to decipher the origin, and accumulation conditions of the wet gas/condensate blend in the Upper miocene sub-salt Wakar Formation sandstones in Port Fouad marine “PFm” Field, offshore Nile Delta. Hydrocarbon pay zones are scattered thin（m） sandstones deposited in as turbiditic channel/levee complex facies. Spatial distribution of vertical gas chimneys（～2 km wide） rooting-down to the messinian Rosetta salt is associated with the lateral pinching-out of the turbiditic sandstones. Organically-rich（total organic carbon “TOC” > 1 w.t.%, hydrogen index“HI” > 200 mg HC/g TOC） and mature(Tmax> 430°C, vitrinite reflectance “VR” > 0.6 %R_o), source rocks are restricted to Upper miocene Wakar and Oligo-miocene Tineh formations. The latter contains more mature organofacies（up to 1.2 %R_o） and type II/III kerogen, thereby demonstrating a good capability to generate wet gases. The studied gas is wet and has thermogenic origin with signs of secondary microbial alteration, whereas the condensate contains a mixture of marine and terrestrial input. molecular biomarkers of the condensate, isotopic and molecular composition of the gas reveals a generation of condensate prior to gas expulsion from the source. The Wakar sandstones have a heterogeneous pore system where three reservoir rock types（RRTI, RRTII and RRTIII）. RRTI rocks present the bulk composition of the Wakar pay zones. Spatial distribution of RRTI facies likely control the accumulation of the sub-salt hydrocarbons. Our results provide a new evidence on an active petroleum system in the sub-salt Paleogene successions in the offshore Nile Delta where concomitant generation of ga

关键词： Petrophysical evaluation Source rock Hydrocarbon geochemistry Biomarkers Gas chimneys Rock-typing

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Enhancing micro-scale SiOx anode durability:Electro-mechanical strengthening of binder networks via anchoring carbon nanotubes with carboxymethyl cellulose

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第2期101卷 23-33页

作者： Chaeyeon Ha Jin Kyo Koo Jun myoung Sheem Young-Jun Kim SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT) Sungkyunkwan University Department of Nano science and Technology Sungkyunkwan University Advanced center for Convergence Energy Storage system Sungkyunkwan University SKKU Institute of Energy science and Technology (SIEST) Sungkyunkwan University

With the increasing prevalence of lithium-ion batteries（LIBs） applications,the demand for high-capacity next-generation materials has also *** currently considered a promising anode material due to its exceptionally high capacity for ***,the significant volumetric changes of SiOxduring cycling and its initial Coulombic efficiency（ICE） complicate its use,whether alone or in combination with graphite *** this study,a three-dimensional conductive binder network with high electronic conductivity and robust elasticity for graphite/SiOxblended anodes was proposed by chemically anchoring carbon nanotubes and carboxymethyl cellulose binders using tannic acid as a chemical *** addition,a dehydrogenation-based prelithiation strategy employing lithium hydride was utilized to enhance the ICE of *** combination of these two strategies increased the CE of SiOxfrom 74% to87% and effectively mitigated its volume expansion in the graphite/SiOxblended electrode,resulting in an efficient electron-conductive binder *** led to a remarkable capacity retention of 94% after30 cycles,even under challenging conditions,with a high capacity of 550 mA h g-1and a current density of 4 mA ***,to validate the feasibility of utilizing prelithiated SiOxanode materials and the conductive binder network in LIBs,a full cell incorporating these materials and a single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode was *** cell demonstrated a～27.3% increase in discharge capacity of the first cycle(～185.7 mA h g-1) and exhibited a cycling stability of 300 ***,this study reports a simple,feasible,and insightful method for designing high-performance LIB electrodes.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries SiO x anode Blended anode Carbon nanotubes Carboxymethyl cellulose Conductive binder network

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Impact of net-zero emissions on atmospheric CO2 concentration in China: Ideal simulations based on the GEOS-Chem model

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science China Earth sciences 2025年第3期68卷 867-881页

作者： Jingye TAN Jun WANG Huiqin mAO Hengmao WANG Zhiqiang LIU meirong WANG Ran YAN Xunmei WANG Fei JIANG Frontiers science center for Critical Earth material Cycling International Institute for Earth System Science Nanjing University Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information science and Technology Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing University Satellite Environmental Application center Ministry of Environmental Protection CmA Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resources to Economy Chongqing Institute of Meteorological Sciences State Key Laboratory of Climate system Prediction and Risk management Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of EducationCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Xizang Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research on Atmospheric Water Cycle in mêdog Xigazê and Mêdog National Climate ObservatoryXizang Meteorological Service

Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide（CO2） concentrations have caused global climate change such as global warming and more frequent climate extremes. Countries worldwide have proposed carbon neutrality strategies to curb the rising CO2concentrations. To investigate the impact of China's carbon neutrality goal on atmospheric CO2concentrations, we conducted a series of ideal simulations from 2015 to 2019 using a global 3D chemistry transport model, Goddard Earth Observing system Chemistry（GEOS-Chem）. Compared with the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of atmospheric CO2（XCO2） from Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2（OCO-2） and surface CO2measurements in Obs Pack, we find that GEOS-Chem effectively reproduces the spatiotemporal variability of CO2. The model exhibits a root mean square error（RmSE） of 1.51 ppm（R2=0.89） for OCO-2 XCO2in China and 2.65 ppm（R2=0.75） for surface CO2concentrations at the WLG station. Further, compared to 2.83 ppm yr-1in the control experiment, we suggest that net-zero CO2emissions in China decelerate the increasing trends of XCO2to 1.81 ppm yr-1,making a decrease of approximately 35.89%. meanwhile, the seasonal cycle amplitude（SCA） of XCO2is moderately reduced from 7.39±0.81 to 6.75±0.70 ppm, representing a relative reduction of 9.91%. Spatially, net-zero CO2emissions induce a more significant decrease in XCO2trends over northern and southern China, while their impact on SCA is more evident in northern and northeastern China. moreover, ideal experiments demonstrate that zero fossil CO2emissions lead to a greater attenuation of the linear trends of XCO2by 40.81%, while the absence of terrestrial CO2sinks largely diminishes the SCA by 16.61%. Additionally,trends and SCA in surface CO2concentrations exhibit almost identical decreasing responses to net-zero CO2emissions but display greater sensitivities compared to XCO2. Overall, our study underscores the potential of China's carbon neutrality goal in mitigating global warming, underscoring the need

关键词： XCO2 GEOS-Chem Carbon neutrality Net-zero emissions Surface CO2 concentrations

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Evaluating the accuracy of earth rotation parameters based on the BDS observations

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2025年第1期16卷 87-98页

作者： Chenxiang Wang Pengfei Zhang Tengxu Zhang Ziyu Shen Jizhang Sang Wenbin Shen School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan University Time and Frequency Geodesy center Wuhan University School of Resource Environmental Science and Engineering Hubei University of Science and Technology

The Bei Dou satellite system(BDS) has progressed with the full operationalization of the secondgeneration regional system(BDS-2) and the third-generation global system(BDS-3). This technology plays a crucial role in determining Earth Rotation Parameters(ERPs). In this study, we determine the ERPs based on the observations of BDS-2, BDS-3 and BDS-2+BDS-3, with the time spanning from August18, 2022, to August 18, 2023. The IERS EOP 20C04 series is used as a reference to evaluate the accuracy of the ERP estimates. We analyze the impact of different numbers of reference stations, polyhedron volumes, observation arc lengths, satellite types, and satellite systems on solving ERPs using BDS-2 and BDS-3 observation data provided by the International GNSS Service(IGS) stations. When selecting a specific satellite type, it is necessary to choose an appropriate observation arc length based on different numbers of reference stations while maximizing the volume of the formed polyhedron to achieve optimal efficiency and accuracy in parameter estimation. When both the number of reference stations and observation arc length are fixed, higher precision of the ERPs can be achieved using observations from mEO than mEO + IGSO and mEO + IGSO + GEO. moreover, when considering only IGSO and mEO satellites as options for analysis purposes, BDS-3 provides higher accuracy compared to BDS-2. In summary, when using BDS for ERP estimation and mEO satellite observations with the same observation arc length,selecting stations from reference stations with larger polyhedral volumes can significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of parameter estimation.

关键词： Earth rotation parameters Polyhedron volume Observation arc length BDS-2 BDS-3

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Spiking Reinforcement Learning Enhanced by Bioinspired Event Source of multi-dendrite Spiking Neuron and Dynamic Thresholds

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第3期12卷 618-629页

作者： Xingyue Liang Qiaoyun Wu Yun Zhou Chunyu Tan Hongfu Yin Changyin Sun the School of Artificial Intelligence Anhui University Engineering Research center of Autonomous Unmanned system Technology Ministry of Education IEEE the Institute of Artificial Intelligence Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center the School of Automation Southeast University the Engineering Research center of Autonomous Unmanned system Technology Ministry of Education

Deep reinforcement learning(DRL) achieves success through the representational capabilities of deep neural networks(DNNs). Compared to DNNs, spiking neural networks(SNNs),known for their binary spike information processing, exhibit more biological characteristics. However, the challenge of using SNNs to simulate more biologically characteristic neuronal dynamics to optimize decision-making tasks remains, directly related to the information integration and transmission in *** by the advanced computational power of dendrites in biological neurons, we propose a multi-dendrite spiking neuron(mDSN) model based on multi-compartment spiking neurons(mCN), expanding dendrite types from two to multiple and deriving the analytical solution of somatic membrane *** apply the mDSN to deep distributional reinforcement learning to enhance its performance in executing complex decisionmaking tasks. The proposed model can effectively and adaptively integrate and transmit meaningful information from different sources. Our model uses a bioinspired event-enhanced dendrite structure to emphasize features. meanwhile, by utilizing dynamic membrane potential thresholds, it adaptively maintains the homeostasis of mDSN. Extensive experiments on Atari games show that the proposed model outperforms some state-of-the-art spiking distributional RL models by a significant margin.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning multi-compartment spiking neurons spiking neural network

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Spinal cord injury regenerative therapy development:integration of design of experiments

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2571-2573页

作者： Yuji Okano Hideyuki Okano Yoshitaka Kase Division of CNS Regeneration and Drug Discovery International Center for Brain Science(ICBS)Fujita Health UniversityKutsukake-ChoToyoake-ShiAichiJapan Department of Extended Intelligence for medicine The Ishii-Ishibashi LaboratoryKeio University School of MedicineShinanomachiShinjuku-KuTokyoJapan Keio university Regenerative medicine Research center Kawasaki-kuKawasaki-shiJapan

Spinal cord injury(SCI)can cause motor and sensory paralysis,and autonomic nervous system disorders including malfunction of urination and defecation,thereby significantly impairing the quality of *** continue to explo re new stem cell strategies for the treatment of paralysis by transpla nting human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural ste m/progenitor cells(hiPSCNS/PCs)into spinal cord injured tissues.

关键词： Spinal paralysis injury

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Deterministic quantum state and gate teleportation between distant superconducting chips

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science Bulletin 2025年第3期70卷 351-358页

作者： Jiawei Qiu Yang Liu Ling Hu Yukai Wu Jingjing Niu Libo Zhang Wenhui Huang Yuanzhen Chen Jian Li Song Liu Youpeng Zhong Luming Duan Dapeng Yu Shenzhen Institute for Quantum science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China International Quantum Academy Shenzhen 518048China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China center for Quantum Information Institute for Interdisciplinary Information SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Physics Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Quantum teleportation is of both fundamental interest and great practical importance in quantum information *** date,quantum teleportation has been implemented in various physical systems,among which superconducting qubits are of particular practical significance as they emerge as a leading system to realize large-scale quantum ***,scaling up the number of superconducting qubits on a single chip becomes increasing challenging because of some emergent technical *** of quantum teleportation and remote computation over qubits on distant superconducting chips is a key quantum communication technology to scaling up the system through a distributed quantum computational ***,this goal has not been realized yet in experiments due to the technical challenges including making a quantum interconnect between distant superconducting chips and the inefficient transfer of flying microwave photons over the lossy *** we demonstrate deterministic teleportation of quantum states and entangling gates between distant superconducting chips connected by a 64-m-long cable bus featuring an ultralow loss of 0.32 dB/km at cryogenic temperatures,where high fidelity remote entanglement is generated via flying microwave *** work demonstrates a prime building block for distributed quantum computation with superconducting qubits,and opens up a new avenue for waveguide quantum electrodynamics and quantum photonics at microwave frequencies.

关键词： Superconducting circuits Quantum network Quantum computing Flying microwave photon

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A dry-electrode enabled ECG-on-Chip with arrhythmia-aware data transmission

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 338-353页

作者： Xinzi XU Yanxing SUO Yang ZHAO Peiyi ZHOU Xiao HAN Qiao CAI min WANG Jiajun YUAN Liebin ZHAO Yongfu LI Guoxing WANG Yong LIAN Department of micro-Nano Electronics and moE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence Shanghai Jiao Tong University Pediatric AI Clinical Application and Research center Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligence Pediatrics (SERCIP)Child Health Advocacy InstituteShanghai Children's Medical CenterSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Engineering Research center of Intelligence Pediatrics (SERCIP) Xin Hua Hospital Affiliate to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

Early detection and treatment of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs) can be significantly enhanced through the use of flexible wearable electrocardiogram(ECG) sensors, potentially reducing CVD-related mortality. This paper introduces an ECG-on-Chip(EoC) solution tailored for flexible ECG sensors, incorporating novel features to address common challenges in wearable ECG technology. The EoC integrates a chopper-stabilized capacitively-coupled instrumentation amplifier(CS-CCIA),ensuring a high common-mode rejection ratio(CmRR) and low noise performance. Performance is further boosted via a positive feedback loop(PFL) and a programmable gain amplifier(PGA) with shared on-chip calibration logic, which enhances input impedance and minimizes gain variability to ensure consistent algorithm performance. Additionally, a secondary chopping technique is employed to further reduce noise, achieving an input-referred noise level of 454 nVrms. The embedded algorithm within the EoC is designed to extract clinically meaningful features, facilitating robust real-time arrhythmia analysis. Fabricated using a 0.18 μm CmOS process, the EoC consumes 14.9 μW with a supply voltage of 1.2 V. The algorithm's efficacy has been validated over 0.4 million heartbeats, demonstrating a sensitivity of over 99.7% for R-peak detection and 98.3% for arrhythmia analysis. To demonstrate practical application, the EoC has been integrated with a commercial Bluetooth low energy(BLE)transceiver, forming a wireless arrhythmia monitoring sensor equipped with dry electrodes. This system consumes 292.04 μW in arrhythmia-aware transmission mode, supporting 13 days of operation with a 30 mAh thin-film battery.

关键词： ECG flexible dry electrodes analog front-end abnormality detection ASIC wireless transmission

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Development of ESIPT-based specific fluorescent probes for bioactive species based on the protection-deprotection of the hydroxyl

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第2期36卷 49-56页

作者： Haixian Ren Yuting Du Xiaojing Yang Fangjun Huo Le Zhang Caixia Yin Department of Chemistry Xinzhou Normal University Research Institute of Applied Chemistry Shanxi University Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and molecular Engineering of ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province Institute of Molecular ScienceShanxi University

Excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) based fluorescence probes are particularly attractive due to their unique properties including environmental sensitivity, a large Stokes shift, and potential for ratiometric sensing. In general, ESIPT-based fluorophore incorporates an intramolecular hydrogen bonding interaction between a hydrogen bond donor (–OH and NH2are common) and a hydrogen bond acceptor(C=N and C=O). more, protection–deprotection of hydroxyl group as hydrogen bond donor could induce an off-on switch of ESIPT-based emission. Therefore, protection–deprotection of hydroxyl group has been the widely used strategy to design fluorescent probes, where the potential key issue is selecting a protective group that can specifically leave in the presence of the target analyte. In this review, we mainly summarize the specific protecting groups (sites) and deprotection mechanisms for biologically important species (including reactive sulfur species (RSS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), enzymes, etc.), and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different protection mechanisms from some aspects including probe stability, selectivity, response rate and assay system, etc. Based on the aforementioned, we further point out the current challenges and the potential future direction for developing ESIPT-based probes.

关键词： Bioimaging ESIPT Fluorescence probe Protection-deprotection Specificity

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molecular identification and population dynamics of two species of Pemphigus （Homoptera： Pemphidae） on cabbage

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Insect science 2009年第2期16卷 115-124页

作者： Naiqi Chen Tong-Xian Liu mamoudou Setamou J. Victor French Eliezer S. Louzada Department of Entomology Texas AgriLife Research Texas A&M University System Weslaco Citrus center Texas A&M University- Kingsville Citrus Center Weslaco TX 78596 USA

The poplar petiole gall aphid, Pemphiguspopulitransversus Riley, has been one of the major pests on cruciferous vegetable in the Rio Grande Valley （LRGV） of texas since the late 1940s. It normally migrates from poplar trees to cruciferous vegetables in the fall, and migrates back to the trees in early spring of the coming year. Some root-feeding aphids were found on cruciferous vegetables in late spring and early summer in 1998 and the following years. Those aphids have been identified as Pemphigus obesinymphae moran. This discovery completely changed the current knowledge about the root-feeding aphids on cruciferous vegetables in the LRGV. Due to their small size, morphological and feeding similarities between P. populitransversus and P. obesinymphae, their identification and distinction are difficult. In this study, random amplification of polymorphic DNA （RAPD） and amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） were used to distinguish these two species over a period of time when the two species occurred together, or separately, in cabbage fields. The two species occurred on cabbage at different times of the year, and overlapped from October to June. From may to October, both species migrated to their primary hosts. The apterous aphids found on cabbage in winter contained mainly P. obesinymphae, whereas in early spring more apterous P. populitransversus were recovered. The root-feeding aphids would feed on cabbage plants as long as this host was available even during the hot, dry summer in the LRGV, although their populations were generally low. Both RAPD and AFLP techniques were efficient in discriminating the two species that showed obviously genetic variability. These molecular techniques confirmed the existence of the two aphid species in apterous samples collected from the soil in cabbage fields in the LRGV, and the results performed by RAPD were confirmed by AFLP. Furthermore, the results suggest that RAPD technique was a better choice despite its reproducib

关键词： AFLP cabbage identification RAPD root aphid

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