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Improving water-use efficiency by decreasing stomatal conductance and transpiration rate to maintain higher ear photosynthetic rate in drought-resistant wheat

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The Crop Journal 2017年第3期5卷 231-239页

作者： Yuping Li Hongbing Li Yuanyuan Li Suiqi Zhang state key laboratory of soil erosion and dryland farming on the loess plateau Northwest A&F University state key laboratory of soil erosion and dryland farming on the loess plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources

In wheat, the ear is one of the main photosynthetic contributors to grain filling under drought stress conditions. In order to determine the relationship between stomatal characteristics and plant drought resistance, photosynthetic and stomatal characteristics and water use efficiency(WUE) were studied in two wheat cultivars: the drought-resistant cultivar ‘Changhan 58' and the drought-sensitive cultivar ‘Xinong 9871'. Plants of both cultivars were grown in pot conditions under well-watered(WW) and water-stressed(WS) conditions. In both water regimes,‘Changhan 58' showed a significantly higher ear photosynthetic rate with a lower rate of variation and a significantly higher percentage variation of transpiration compared to control plants at the heading stage under WS conditions than did ‘Xinong 9871' plants. Moreover,‘Changhan 58' showed lower stomatal density(SD) and higher stomatal area per unit organ area(A) under both water conditions. Water stress decreased SD, A, and stomatal width(SW), and increased stomatal length in flag leaves(upper and lower surfaces) and ear organs(awn, glume,lemma, and palea), with the changes more pronounced in ear organs than in flag *** WUE increased slightly, while integral WUE improved significantly in both cultivars. Integral WUE was higher in ‘Changhan 58', and increased by a greater amount, than in‘Xinong 9871'. These results suggest that drought resistance in ‘Changhan 58' is regulated by stomatal characteristics through a decrease in transpiration rate in order to improve integral WUE and photosynthetic performance, and through sustaining a higher ear photosynthetic rate, therefore enhancing overall drought-resistance.

关键词： Wheat Stomatal structure Ear photosynthesis Drought resistance Water use efficiency

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Species Composition, Richness and Aboveground Biomass of Natural Grassland in Hilly-Gully Regions of the loess plateau, China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第11期13卷 2527-2536页

作者： DENG Lei SHANGGUAN Zhou-ping state key laboratory of soil erosion and dryland farming on the loess plateau Northwest A&F University

In order to study the characteristics of species composition, richness and aboveground biomass of natural grasslands, and then ifnd out the relations between species richness and aboveground productivity of the communities and possible mechanisms to form the relations, four typical grassland communities （Artemisia capillaries （AC）, Thymus quinquecostatus （TQ）, Stipa bungeana （SB） and Stipa grandis （SG）） along with a succession sequence in hilly-gully regions of the loess plateau, China, were investigated by ifeld survey and laboratory analysis. The results were summarized as follows：Different succession stages had different species compositions as well as different proportions of plant life forms and photosynthetic types, and Asteraceae, Poaceae and Leguminosae were their dominant species as well as their dominant perennial herb species;and different succession stages had signiifcantly different species richness and aboveground biomasses. There were many relation patterns （linear positive correlation, unrelated relations and unimodal relations） between the species richness and aboveground biomass in different succession stages and a signiifcant unimodal relation between the species richness and aboveground biomass in all the grassland communities and the highest species diversity appeared at a moderate level of productivity. The results suggest the unimodal relations in all the grassland communities are accumulative results of the relations in each succession stage.

关键词： life forms photosynthetic types productivity species diversity

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Photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen distribution of large-spike wheat in Northwest China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第3期15卷 545-552页

作者： WANG Li-fang CHEN Juan SHANGGUAN Zhou-ping state key laboratory of soil erosion and dryland farming on the loess plateau Northwest A&F University

The leaf photosynthesis and nitrogen（N） translocation in three large-spike lines and control cultivar（Xi＇nong 979） of winter wheat（Triticum aestivum L.） were studied in 2010–2011 and 2011–2012. The objectives of this study were to investigate the differences in the physiological characteristics of large-spike lines and control cultivar and identify the limiting factors that play a role in improving the yield of breeding materials. The average yield, grain number per spike, kernel weight per spike, and 1 000-kernel weight of the large-spike lines were 16.0, 26.8, 42.6, and 15.4%, respectively, significantly higher than those of control. The average photosynthetic rates（Pn） were not significant between the large-spike lines and control cultivar during the active growth period. The average PSII maximum energy conversion efficiency（Fv/Fm）, PSII actual quantum efficiency（Ф（PSII））, photochemical quenching coefficient（qP）, PSII reaction center activity（Fv′/Fm′） and water-use efficiency（WUE） of the large-spike lines were 1.0, 5.1, 3.6, 0.8, and 43.4%, respectively, higher than those of the control during the active growth stages. The N distribution proportions in different tissues were ranked in the order of grains〉culms＋sheathes〉rachis＋glumes〉flag leaves〉penultimate leaves〉remain leaves. This study suggested that utilization of the large-spike wheat might be a promising approach to obtain higher grain yield in Northwest China.

关键词： wheat nitrogen distribution large-spike lines photosynthetic characteristics yield

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Effect of Vegetation Changes on soil erosion on the loess plateau

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Pedosphere 2006年第4期16卷 420-427页

作者： ZHENG Fen-Li state key laboratory of soil erosion and dryland farming in loess plateau Northwest A＆F University Yangling 712100 （China）.

Vegetation is one of the key factors affecting soil erosion on the loess plateau. The effects of vegetation destruction and vegetation restoration on soil erosion were quantified using data from long-term field runoff plots established on the eastern slope of the Ziwuling secondary forest region, China and a field survey. The results showed that before the secondary vegetation restoration period (before about 1866-1872), soil erosion in the Ziwuling region of the loess plateau was similar to the current erosion conditions in neighboring regions, where the soil erosion rate now is 8000 to 10000 t km-2 year-1. After the secondary vegetation restoration, soil erosion was very low; influences of rainfall and slope gradient on soil erosion were small; the vegetation effect on soil erosion was predominant; shallow gully and gully erosion ceased; and sediment deposition occurred in shallow gully and gully channels. In modern times when human activities destroyed secondary forests, soil erosion increased markedly, and erosion rates in the deforested lands reached 10000 to 24000 t km-2 year-1, which was 797 to 1682 times greater than those in the forested land prior to deforestation. Rainfall intensity and landform greatly affected the soil erosion process after deforestation. These results showed that accelerated erosion caused by vegetation destruction played a key role in soil degradation and eco-environmental deterioration in deforested regions.

关键词： deforestation loess plateau natural vegetation restoration soil erosion

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Decreasing magnitude of soil erosion along vegetation succession on sloping farmland in the loess plateau of China:5 years field monitoring evidence

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第8期19卷 2360-2373页

作者： LIANG Yue JIAO Ju-ying TANG Bing-zhe CAO Bin-ting LI Hang state key laboratory of soil erosion and dryland farming on the loess plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China state key laboratory of soil erosion and dryland farming on the loess plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationAcademy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China

The impacts of vegetation restoration on the soil erosion have been widely elucidated in the semi-arid ***,the magnitude of soil erosion on abandoned sloping farmland still remained unclear and their responses to vegetation succession were rarely *** main objective of this study is to determine the magnitude of soil erosion along vegetation succession and explore the impact of vegetation succession on soil erosion from abandoned sloping *** observations were employed to monitor the rainfall,runoff,and soil erosion of seven sloping farmland plots with different abandoned ages and bare land from 2015 to *** results indicated that the annual runoff depth and soil erosion modulus of vegetation types were in the range of 0.46 to 5.49 mm·a^(-1)and 1.3 to 24.5 t·km^(-2)·a^(-1),*** vegetation effectively reduced the annual surface runoff and soil erosion with reduction of 73.8% to 97.8%and 98.0% to 99.9% as opposed to bare ***,there were no significant differences in runoff and soil erosion for different vegetation types along *** largest event of vegetation types contributed to 38.7%-44.1% of the annual runoff and 42.5%-66.3% of the annual soil erosion,*** restoration considerably alleviated the contribution of largest erosive event to annual soil *** relationships between soil erosion,runoff and rainfall factors could be fitted well by linear functions,and the performances of regression models in predicting runoff were more satisfactory compared to predicting soil *** Artemisia gmelinii(Agm)+Stipa bungeana(Sb)optimized the trade-off between sediment reduction and runoff maintenance,which should be selected as the suitable vegetation types to achieve the sustainability of socio-ecological systems.

关键词： Vegetation restoration Abandoned ages soil erosion Vegetation types Abandoned slope loess plateau

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Formation mechanisms and remediation techniques for low-efficiency artificial shelter forests on the Chinese loess plateau

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第8期14卷 837-848页

作者： WANG Yaobin SHANGGUAN Zhouping state key laboratory of soil erosion and dryland farming on the loess plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

The construction of artificial shelter forests(ASFs)has resulted in substantial ecological,economic,and societal benefits to the Chinese loess plateau(CLP).However,the health and benefits of ASFs are being increasingly threatened by the formation of low-efficiency artificial shelter forests(LEASFs).In this study,LEASFs are systematically analyzed in terms of their status,formation mechanisms,and developmental *** key restoration techniques and schemes were summarized to improve the quality and efficiency of *** are formed by relatively complex mechanisms,but they arise mainly due to poor habitat conditions,improper tree species selections,mismatch between stands and habitat,extensive forest management measures,and human *** restoration and improvement of LEASFs are hindered by water deficits,mismatch between stands and habitat,single management purpose,and low *** are becoming more complex due to their wide range,the challenges associated with their restoration,and insufficient technological measures for their *** key techniques of the quality and efficiency improvement of LEASFs include basic forest tending methods,near-natural restoration,multifunction-oriented improvement,and systematic *** understanding on the formation mechanisms of LEASFs and a scientific approach toward their restoration are urgently needed and critical for the ecological protection and high-quality development of LEASFs on the *** on these analyses,we recommend strengthening the monitoring and supervision of LEASFs,considering the bearing capacity of regional water resources,implementing multiple restoration techniques,promoting multifunction-oriented ecological development,and exploring new management concepts to achieve the sustainable development of ASFs on the CLP.

关键词： low-efficiency artificial shelter forests restoration forest management multifunctional forestry near-natural forestry Three-North Shelter Forest Chinese loess plateau

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Effects of nitrogen addition on the soil detachment in the typical grasslands of the loess plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第12期19卷 3503-3516页

作者： LI Pan-pan WANG Bing YANG Yan-fen LIU Guo-bin state key laboratory of soil erosion and dryland farming on the loess plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China state key laboratory of soil erosion and dryland farming on the loess plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China

Nitrogen deposition will alleviate the nitrogen limitation in terrestrial ecosystems and greatly affect vegetation growth,thereby soil *** is important to clarify the effects of nitrogen addition to the plant roots and soil properties on the soil erosion process.A nitrogen addition experiment was conducted in the grassland dominated by Bothriochloa ischaemum(Linn.)Keng(BI),which has received 0,2.5,5,and 10 g N m^(-2) yr^(-1)(N_(0),N_(2.5),N_(5)and N_(10),respectively)for three consecutive ***,a total of 150 undisturbed soil samples were collected(including bare soil control)and subjected to flowing water to test their soil detachment capacities under six shear stress levels(10.2 Pa to 29.9 Pa).Three-year nitrogen addition increased the soil bulk density,soil cohesion and nitrate nitrogen while decreasing the saturated hydraulic conductivity,soil water-stable aggregates,soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and ammonium *** root mass density and root diameter decreased with nitrogen *** the root length,surface area and volume density of the N_(0) and N_(5) treatments were larger than those of the other treatments,while the plant roots were significantly inhibited by N_(10).Additionally,the soil detachment capacity(D_(c))and rill erodibility(K_(r))of the N_(0) and N_(5) treatments were significantly less than those of the N_(2.5) and N_(10)treatments,of which the Dc(0.020 kg m^(-2) s^(-1))of the N_(0) treatment was 69.0%,24.3%and 66.8%less than that of the N_(2.5),N_(5) and N_(10) treatments,*** Kr of the N_(0) treatment was 0.0012 s m^(-1),which was 72.1%,25.0%and 70.0%less than that of the *** study implies that an increase in nitrogen addition likely exacerbates soil erosion in the early(approximately 2.5 g N m^(-2) yr^(-1))and late phases(more than 10 g N m^(-2) yr^(-1)).However,when the nitrogen addition rate is approximately 5 g m^(-2) yr^(-1),soil erosion may be inhibited because of the responses of the plant ro

关键词： Nitrogen deposition Root traits soil properties soil detachment Grassland loess plateau

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Effects of the grain-for-green program on soil erosion in China

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2012年第1期27卷 120-127页

作者： Lei DENG Zhou-ping SHANGGUAN Rui LI National key laboratory of soil erosion and dryland farming on the loess plateau Northwest A&F University

Severe soil erosion is a serious environmental problem in *** 1999 the Chinese government implemented the Grain-for-Green Program(herein referred to as the Program),a well rounded program of ecological reconstruction to help control the country's soil erosion *** study quantitatively analyzed the impacts of the Program using data from 11 Chinese river systems to evaluate the effects of the Program on soil *** show runoff decreased and the soil erosion significantly decreased because of an increase in the area of farmland-converted *** comparing two time periods,2003-2007 and 1998-2002,runoff and soil erosion were reduced by 18%and 45.4%,***,the Program has the effect of controlling soil erosion while producing ecological benefits.

关键词： China Grain-for-Green Program Runoff soil erosion

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Leaf C:N:P stoichiometric homeostasis of a Robinia pseudoacacia plantation on the loess plateau

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第4期34卷 929-937页

作者： Zhuoxia Su Bingqian Su Shenglin Mao Zhouping Shangguan state key laboratory of soil erosion and dryland farming on the loess plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiPeople’s Republic of China

Homeostasis is the adaptability of a species to a changing ***,the ecological stoichiometric homeostasis of Robinia pseudoacacia *** diff erent climatic regions is poorly understood but could provide insights into its adaptability in the loess hilly *** study sampled 20 year-old *** plantations at 10 sites along a north–south transect on the loess *** in the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of leaf and soil carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus were analysed and homeostatic characteristics of leaf ecological stoichiometric parameters in diff erent climates were identifi *** aff ecting leaf stoichiometry were *** results show that *** leaves were rich in nitrogen and defi cient in phosphorous during tree growth and *** and phosphorous levels in the soils of the loess region were lower than the average in soils in the rest of *** ecological stoichiometric parameters of *** leaves in two diff erent climates were considered“strictly homeostasis”.Precipitation,available phosphorus,and soil C:P were the main factors aff ecting the variation of C:N:P stoichiometry of *** *** in the loess hilly region has strong ecologically homeostatic characteristics and suggests that it is well-adapted to the area.

关键词： loess plateau Robinia pseudoacacia Ecological stoichiometry Homeostasis

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Effects of vegetation near-soil-surface factors on runoff and sediment reduction in typical grasslands on the loess plateau,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第3期14卷 325-340页

作者： LI Panpan WANG Bing YANG Yanfen LIU Guobin state key laboratory of soil erosion and dryland farming on the loess plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China state key laboratory of soil erosion and dryland farming on the loess plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China

Vegetation near-soil-surface factors can protect topsoil from erosion,however,their contributions to the reduction of soil erosion,especially under natural rainfall events,have not been systematically *** study was performed to quantify the effects of near-soil-surface factors on runoff and sediment under natural rainfall events on grasslands dominated by Bothriochloa ischaemum(Linn.)Keng(BI grassland)and Artemisia gmelinii Thunb.(AG grassland)in two typical watersheds on the loess plateau,China in *** successive removal of the plant canopy,litter,biological soil crusts(BSCs)and plant roots,we established five treatments including plant roots,plant roots+BSCs,plant roots+BSCs+litter,intact grassland and bare land in each grassland *** total,twenty runoff plots(5 m×3 m)with similar slopes and aspects were constructed in the two types of *** showed that plant canopy,litter and roots reduced runoff,while BSCs,which swelled in the presence of water,increased *** contrast,all of these factors reduced sediment *** addition,the reductions in runoff and sediment yield increased with I30(maximum 30-min rainfall intensity)for each vegetation near-soil-surface factor except for *** these factors,plant canopy had the largest contribution to runoff reduction,accounting for 48.8% and 39.9% in the BI and AG grasslands,*** contributions of these vegetation near-soil-surface factors to sediment yield reduction were similar(21.3%-29.9%)in the two types of grasslands except for BSCs in the AG grassland(10.3%).The total reduction in runoff in the BI grassland(70.8%)was greater than that in the AG grassland(53.1%),while the reduction in sediment yield was almost the same in both grasslands(97.4%and 96.7%).In conclusion,according to the effects of different vegetation near-soil-surface factors on runoff and sediment production,our results may provide more complete insight and scientific basis into the effects of various ve

关键词： vegetation near-soil-surface factor grassland arid and semi-arid soil erosion loess plateau

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