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Origin of the hydrate bound gases in the Juhugeng Sag, Muli Basin, Tibetan Plateau

International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2020年第1期7卷 43-57页

作者： Shiming Liu Furong Tan Ting Huo Shuheng Tang Weixiao Zhao Haide Chao School of Energy Resource China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China qinghai institute of Coal Geological Prospecting Xining 810001China Aerial Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Center China National Administration of Coal GeologyXi'an 710199China the second exploration institute of geology in qinghai province Xining 810003China The Fourth exploration institute of geology in qinghai province Xining 810008China

The Juhugeng Sag,located in northwest of the Muli Basin,Tibetan Plateau,has been investigated for coal and petroleum resources during the past several *** have been successful recoveries of gas hydrates during recent years from the Middle Jurassic Yaojie Formation that offer insight into the origin of the hydrocarbon gases from the complex sag *** study examines the organic geochemical and stable carbon isotopic characteristics of shale and coal samples from the Middle Jurassic Yaojie Formation of the Juhugeng Sag,as well as compares with carbon isotopes,gas amounts and components of hydrate-bound gas.A total of 19 samples from surface mining,including 12 samples of black shale and 7 samples of coal,were analysed using a micro-photometer,a gas chromatograph,Rock–Eval and isotope *** the shale samples contained 100%type I kerogen,and the random vitrinite reflectance values vary from 0.65%to 1.32%and achieve thermal pyrolysis *** values of methane(δ13C ranging from−52.6‰to−39.5‰andδD ranging from−285‰to−227‰)in the hydrate bound gases suggest that the methane originates mainly from thermogenic *** is proposed that ethane from the gas hydrate is thermogenic-produced,and this conjecture is supported by the fact that most of the gas hydrate also contains more than 30%of thermogenic C2+hydrocarbons and is similar to structure II *** isotope data from the gas hydrates show a positive carbon isotope series(δ13C1<δ13C2<δ13C3),with ethaneδ13C values being lighter than−28.5‰,as high consistency with source rocks from the Jurassic period indicate thermal oil-prone gas.A model of the accumulation of gas hydrate is ***,the gaseous sources of gas hydrates may be a subject for more research.

关键词： Muli Basin Stable carbon isotopes Gas hydrate Gas source Alkane gas

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Fission Track Thermochronology Evidence for Multiple Periods of Mineralization in the Wulonggou Gold Deposits, Eastern Kunlun Mountains, qinghai province

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Journal of Earth Science 2013年第4期24卷 471-478页

作者：袁万明莫宣学张爱奎陈小宁段宏伟李希郝娜娜王先美 School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences No. 3 exploration institute of geology and Mineral Resources of qinghai province exploration and Production Research institute China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation

It is a puzzle to determine metallogenetic ages in the world. This article uses zircon fission track （FT） dating to probe the mineralizing epochs of Wulonggou （五龙沟） gold ore deposits in eastern Kunlun （昆仑） Mountains. Total of six zircon FT ages have been obtained and can be divided into groups of 235-216 and 197-181 Ma, as well as 162 and 124 Ma, revealing multiple epochs of metalloge- netic processes took place in Wulonggou area, mainly first two age groups. The mineralizing ages be- come lower from northeast Yanjingou （岩金沟） to southwest Hongqigon （红旗沟）. The second epoch of 197-181 Ma is first achieved by this work. It is shown that the FT ages consist with other isotopic data and reflect different regional thermotectonic events.

关键词： metallogenetic age mineralizing time fission track thermochronology gold deposit,Wulonggou eastern Kunlun Mountains.

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Genesis of Neogene Formation Waters in the Central Qaidam Basin:Clues from Hydrochemistry and Stable D-O-S-Sr Isotopes

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2023年第6期97卷 1801-1813页

作者： HAN Guang PAN Tong LI Qingkuan FAN Qishun HU Yan LIU Jiubo ZHANG Xiying Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Qinghai Institute of Salt LakesChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of geology and Environment of Salt Lakes Xining 810008China qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of exploration Research of Salt Lake Resources in Qaidam Basin Qinghai Qaidam Integrated Institute of Geology and Mineral Resource ExplorationGolmudQinghai 816099China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Bureau of Geological exploration&Development of qinghai province Xining 810008China

Geological explorations have revealed plentiful Neogene formation waters in anticlines in the central Qaidam Basin(QB).However,the hydrochemistry and origin of these waters are *** this study,the hydrochemistry and DO-S-Sr isotopes of these formation waters were determined to study their origin and *** formation waters are enriched in Na-Ca-Cl,and depleted in Mg-K-SO4-HCO3ions with elevated Li-B-Br-Sr *** D-O isotopes prove that the formation waters originated from weak-evaporated meteoric waters,and experienced water-rock *** comparisons and Caexcess-Nadeficitdiagrams suggest that solute sources of these waters include evaporite dissolution,waterrock interaction,and minor residual lake *** sulfate reduction and water-rock interactions are supported by the high S-Sr *** enriched Li-B-Br-Sr concentrations of these waters are in accord with the high geochemical background values of the *** the genesis of the formation waters,it can be concluded that meteoric waters from the southern Kunlun Mountains were discharged into the basin,weakly evaporated,and then infiltrated into the Neogene strata through faults leaching the soluble ions and mixing with residual lake brines,and all experienced water-rock interactions and a sulphate reduction process.

关键词： hydrochemistry brine resources lake/meteoric waters D-O-S-Sr isotopes Miocene-Pliocene Qaidam Basin

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Heat Aggregation Mechanisms of Hot Dry Rocks Resources in the Gonghe Basin, Northeastern Tibetan Plateau

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第6期95卷 1793-1804页

作者： LIN Wenjing WANG Guiling ZHANG Shengsheng ZHAO Zhen XING Linxiao GAN Haonan TAN Xianfeng institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesShijiazhuang 050061China Technical Innovation Center for Geothermal and HDR exploration and Development Ministry of Natural ResourcesShijiazhuang 050061China institute of the Hydrogeology and Engineering geology of qinghai Shijiazhuang 050061China qinghai Bureau of Environmental geology exploration Xining 810007China Shandong Provincical Lunan Geo-engineering exploration institute(The second Geological Brigade of Shandong Geological exploration Bureau) JiningShangdong 272100China

Hot dry rock(HDR) is an important geothermal resource and clean energy source that may play an increasingly important role in future energy management. High-temperature HDR resources were recently detected in deep regions of the Gonghe Basin on the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, which led to a significant breakthrough in HDR resource exploration in China. This research analyzes the deep temperature distribution, radiogenic heat production, heat flow, and crustal thermal structure in the Qiaboqia Valley, Guide Plain, and Zhacanggou area of the Gonghe Basin based on geothermal exploration borehole logging data, rock thermophysical properties, and regional geophysical exploration data. The results are applied to discuss the heat accumulation mechanism of the HDR resources in the Gonghe Basin. The findings suggest that a low-velocity layer in the thickened crust of the Tibetan Plateau provides the most important source of constant intracrustal heat for the formation of HDR resources in the Gonghe Basin, whereas crustal thickening redistributes the concentrated layer of radioactive elements, which compensates for the relatively low heat production of the basal granite and serves as an important supplement to the heat of the HDR resources. The negative effect is that the downward curvature of the lithospheric upper mantle caused by crustal thickening leads to a small mantle heat flow component. As a result, the heat flows in the Qiaboqia Valley and Guide Plain of the Gonghe Basin are 106.2 and 77.6 m W/m2, respectively, in which the crust-mantle heat flow ratio of the former is 3.12:1, indicating a notably anomalous intracrustal thermal structure. In contrast, the crust-mantle heat flow ratio in the Guide Plain is 1.84:1, which reflects a typical hot crust-cold mantle thermal structure. The Guide Plain and Zhacanggou area show the same increasing temperature trend with depth, which reflects that their geothermal backgrounds and deep high-temperature environment

关键词： radiogenic heat production heat flow crustal thermal structure hot dry rock heat source mechanism

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Junction and Evolution of the Qinling,Qilian and Kunlun Orogenic Belts

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2000年第2期74卷 223-228页

作者： SUN Yangui CHEN Zhengxing LIU Yong’an WANG Tongqing ZHANG Zhiyong qinghai Regional Survey and Comprehensive Geological Party 107 Nanchuan West RoadXiningQinghai Province 810012 qinghai institute of Geological and Mineral exploration Xining 810012Qinghai

As the main part of the “central mountain system” in the continent of China, the Qinling, Qilian and Kunlun orogenic belts have been comprehensively and deeply studied since the 1970s and rich fruits have been reaped. However, these achievements were mostly confined to an individual orogenic belt and the study of the mutual relationship among the three orogenic belts was obliged to depend on comparative studies. Different views were produced therefrom. The material composition and structural features of the junction region show that there are several epicontinental and intracontinental transform faults developed in different periods. Restricted by these transform faults, the large-scale lateral movements and, as a consequence, complicated magmatism and tectonic deformation took place in the orogenic belts. According to these features, the authors put forward a three-stage junction and evolution model and point out that there is not a single junction zone traversing from west to east but that the three orogenic belts have been joined progressively by the epicontinental and intracontinental transform faults.

关键词： central mountains Qinling Qilian and Kunlun orogenic belts junction and evolution intracontinental transform fault

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Source Analysis of Lithium Deposit in Dong-Xi-Taijinaier Salt Lake of Qaidam Basin,qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第4期34卷 1083-1094页

作者： Jibin Han Hongchen Jiang Jiubo Liu Jianxin Xu Wenhua Han Haiyun Zhang Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt LakesQinghai Institute of Salt LakesChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of exploration Research of Salt Lake Resources in Qaidam Basin Qaidam Comprehensive Geological and Mineral Exploration Institute of Qinghai ProvinceGolmud 816099China

The Dong-Xi-Taijinaier Salt Lake(DXTSL) of Qaidam Basin is known as one of rich lithium reserves in ***,the source of lithium deposits in this region remains *** hydrochemistry and lithium isotopes(δ7Li) of water and solid samples along the Nalenggele River catchment were studied in combination with rock leaching *** results showed the hot springs in the upstream contained high content of lithium and ratio of Li × 1 000/total dissolved solids(1.5–3.5),but the lower δ7Li values(4.33‰–11.59‰),meaning that it is one important lithium *** leaching experiments by the rich-lithium volcanic rocks(average content of 474.7 mg/kg) showed that under temperature of 20–80 ℃ and long time duration(24–96 h),the concentration of lithium released by leaching of the sampled volcanic rocks increased from 0.58 to 1.49 mg/L,with the leaching rate decreasing from 0.024 to 0.015 mg/(L·h) and the corresponding lithium release rate increasing from 29% to 74%.Calculation based on water-salt balance showed that the total amount of lithium contribution from hydrothermal fluids and volcanic rock weathering is about 4.99 and 0.29 Mt since 13.1 ka,***,hot springs and leaching of volcanic rocks are main contributors to lithium deposit in DXTSL.

关键词： hydrothermal supplement volcanic rock lithium source 'Li isotope Dong-Xi-Taijinaier SaltLake.

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Logging Response Characteristics for Pore Brine Potassium Reservoir in the West of Qaidam Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第S1期88卷 220-221页

作者： LI Hongpu ZHENG Mianping LIU Ying institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences institute of geology and Mineral Resources of Qaidam Comprehensive exploration in qinghai province

Pore brine potassium and deep sand gravel layer found is of large size and high economic value liquid potash deposit in western Qaidam basin depression tectonic(Fig.1).Because the reservoir is relatively thick,it is d... 详细信息

关键词： log response western Qaidam basi n depressi on tectonics bri ne pore reservoir liquid potas h

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Connections between Evaporite Deposition and Glacial Periods since the Middle Pleistocene in Salt Lakes in the Western Qaidam Basin, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第5期96卷 1704-1715页

作者： GU Jiani CHEN Andong LIU Jiajun HAN Guang WANG Xuefeng School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China MNR Key Laboratory of Saline Lake Resources and Environments Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of exploration and Research on Salt Lake Resources in the Qaidam Basin Qaidam Integrated Geological Exploration Institute of Qinghai ProvinceGolmudQinghai 816000China Key Laboratory of Cenozoic geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The Quaternary was the main evaporite deposition period in the Qaidam Basin(QB), but the correlation between the evaporite deposition period and the glacial period is still unclear. In this study, the research objects are primarily evaporite-bearing strata in a 461.58 m-long drill core in the QB. X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were applied to study the evaporite minerals, U-Th dating being applied to construct the ~(230)Th geochronological framework. Evaporite deposition from Marine Isotope Stage(MIS) 15 to MIS 4 in the borehole was reconstructed via mineralogical and geochronological data. The evaporite minerals are mainly halite(NaCl), mirabilite(Na_(2)SO_(4)·10H_(2)O), thenardite(Na_(2)SO_(4)) and gypsum(CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O). A total of 9 effective ~(230)Th data points, ranging from 492.5 ± 43.0 ka to 62.0 ± 11.9 ka, were obtained. The depositional age of the earliest halite layer in the borehole is 592.5–563.0 ka. There were mirabilite deposits in the QB during the cold glacial environment of MIS 6. During MIS 4, the study area desiccated, with mirabilite and halite being deposited. This study suggests that mirabilite is an indicator mineral for the glacial environment in the QB, while halite deposition does not correspond well to glaciation.

关键词： evaporite deposition mirabilite Quaternary glaciation Quaternary salt lake Qaidam Basin

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Fault activity characteristics in the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau before the Menyuan Ms6.4 earthquake

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2016年第4期7卷 261-267页

作者： Dongzhuo Xu Chuanbao Zhu Xiangang Meng Yuan Li Qikai Sun Ke Zhang First Crust Monitoring and Application Center China Earthquake AdministrationTianjin S00180China institute of geology and Mineral exploration of qinghai province Xining 810029China

Fault deformation characteristics in the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau before the Menyuan Ms6.4 earthquake are investigated through time-series and structural geological analysis based on cross-fault observation data from the Qilian Mountain-Haiyuan Fault belt and the West Qinling Fault belt. The results indicate： 1） Group short-term abnormal variations appeared in the Qilian Mountain-Haiyuan Fault belt and the West Qinling Fault belt before the Menyuan Ms6.4 earthquake. 2） More medium and short-term anomalies appear in the middle-eastern segment of the Qilian Mountain Fault belt and the West Qinling Fault belt, suggesting that the faults＇ activities are strong in these areas. The faults＇ activities in the middle-eastern segment of the Qilian Fault belt result from extensional stress, as before the earthquake, whereas those in the West Qinling Fault belt are mainly compressional. 3） In recent years, moderate-strong earthquakes occurred in both the Kunlun Mountain and the Qilian Mountain Fault belts, and some energy was released. It is possible that the seismicity moved eastward under this regime. Therefore, we should pay attention to the West Qinling Mountain area where an Ms6-7 earthquake could occur in future.

关键词： Northern margin of the Tibet plateau Fault belt Cross-fault observation data Deformation analysis

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Gas Hydrates in the Qilian Mountain Permafrost, qinghai, Northwest China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第1期84卷 1-10页

作者： ZHU Youhai ZHANG Yongqin WEN Huaijun LU Zhenquan JIA Zhiyao LI Yonghong LI qinghai LIU Changling WANG Pingkang GUO Xingwang institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China institute of exploration Techniques Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Langfang Hebei 510075 China qinghai No.105 Coal Geologieal exploration Team Xi＇ning Qinghai 810007 China Qingdao institute of Marine geology China Geological Survey Qingdao Shandong 266071 China

Qilian Mountain permafrost, with area about 10×10^4 km2, locates in the north of qinghai- Tibet plateau. It equips with perfect conditions and has great prospecting potential for gas hydrate. The Scientific Drilling Project of Gas Hydrate in Qilian Mountain permafrost, which locates in Juhugeng of Muri Coalfield, Tianjun County, qinghai province, has been implemented by China Geological Survey in 2008-2009. Four scientific drilling wells have been completed with a total footage of 2059.13 m. Samples of gas hydrate are collected separately from holes DK-1, DK-2 and DK-3. Gas hydrate is hosted under permafrost zone in the 133-396 m interval. The sample is white crystal and easily burning. Anomaly low temperature has been identified by the infrared camera. The gas hydratebearing cores strongly bubble in the water. Gas-bubble and water-drop are emitted from the hydratebearing cores and then characteristic of honeycombed structure is left. The typical spectrum curve of gas hydrate is detected using Raman spectrometry. Furthermore, the logging profile also indicates high electrical resistivity and sonic velocity. Gas hydrate in Qilian Mountain is characterized by a thinner permafrost zone, shallower buried depth, more complex gas component and coal-bed methane origin etc.

关键词： gas hydrate permafrost Qilian Mountain

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