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The potential of legume-derived proteins in the food industry

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2022年第4期5卷 167-178页

作者： Neta Goldstein Ram Reifen The Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition The Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot 76100Israel

Legume-derived proteins present an opportunity to replace existing animal-source protein in various applications. Those proteins are abundant, relatively lowcost, sustainable, not highly allergenic, and widely acceptable by consumers. In this paper, it was found that legume-derived protein’s technofunctional properties(e.g. gelation, emulsification and foaming) are being investigated, in order to assess their ability to substitute for animal-derived proteins in food systems and applications. This paper reviewed the functional attributes of legume-derived proteins, their possible applications in food systems, and their potential in the food industry. The techno-functional properties of the proteins vary among different legumes, and while some proteins properties are sufficient for industrial uses, the other may need to be modified. It was concluded that legume-derived proteins could replace some existing animal-derived protein based food systems.

关键词： Legumes Plant protein Food industry Techno-functional properties Fat and protein composition

Microscopic and metabolic investigations disclose the factors that lead to skin cracking in chili-type pepper fruit varieties

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horticulture Research 2023年第4期10卷 211-224页

作者： Ofir Marinov Gal Nomberg Sutanni Sarkar Gulab Chand Arya Eldad Karavani Einat Zelinger Ekaterina Manasherova hagai Cohen Department of Vegetable and Field Crops Institute of Plant SciencesAgricultural Research Organization(ARO)Volcani InstituteRishon LeZion 7505101Israel Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology The Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot 7610001Israel Center for Scientific Imaging(CSI) The Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot 7610001Israel

The hydrophobic cuticle encasing the fruit skin surface plays critical roles during fruit development and *** failure often results in the fruit surface cracking and forming a wound-periderm tissue made of suberin and *** factors that make the fruit skin susceptible to cracking have yet to be fully ***,we investigated two varieties of chili peppers(Capsicum annuum L.),Numex Garnet,whose fruit has intact skin,and Vezena Slatka,whose fruit has cracked *** observations,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,biochemical and gene expression assays revealed that Vezena Slatka fruit form a thicker cuticle with greater levels of cutin monomers and hydroxycinnamic acids,and highly express key cutin-related *** skin of these fruit also had a lower epidermal cell density due to cells with very large perimeters,and highly express genes involved in epidermal cell *** demonstrate that skin cracking in the Vezena Slatka fruit is accompanied by a spatial accumulation of lignin-like polyphenolic compounds,without the formation of a typical wound-periderm tissues made of suberized ***,we establish that skin cracking in chili-type pepper significantly affects fruit quality during post-harvest storage in a temperature-dependent *** conclusion,our data highlight cuticle thickness and epidermal cell density as two critical factors determining fruit skin susceptibility to cracking in chili-type pepper fruit.

关键词： varieties pepper cracking

Sesame response to nitrogen management under contrasting water availabilities

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Oil Crop Science 2022年第4期7卷 166-173页

作者： Elnatan Golan Zvi Peleg Zipora Tietel Ran Erel Gilat Research Center Agricultural Research OrganizationIsrael the robert h.smith faculty of agriculture Food and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemIsrael

Sesame is mainly cultivated under traditional,low-input *** breeding developments promoted the modernization and mechanization of sesame ***,only a few articles have been published concerning fertilization requirements for both modern and traditional *** field trials at two locations,we determined the response of irrigated sesame to nitrogen(N).Three promising sesame lines were tested combining two irrigation levels with four N *** a high irrigation level,N had a significant effect on growth,branching,and consequently,seed yield exceeding two-ton ha^(-1).A high N doze was accompanied by a decrease in the photosynthetic rate and leaf water *** δ^(13)C confirmed lower stomatal conductance under high N *** deficit irrigation,the N level had a minor effect on the monitored parameters,indicating N fertilization was not *** oil content was negatively correlated with seed N *** results question the necessity of N application when water is limited,as N fertilization promotes vigorous development that rapidly depletes soil ***,water availability should be considered when developing an N management *** high-yielding agro-systems,roughly 80–120 kg ha^(-1)N is required for optimal yield,bearing in mind the negative association between seed-N and oil content.

关键词： Nitrogen-use efficiency Seed-oil Irrigation Fertigation

Back to Basics:Are Begomoviruses Whitefly Pathogens?

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 225-234页

作者： henryk Czosnek Murad Ghanim Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in agriculture The Robert H.Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot 76100Israel Department of Entomology Agricultural Research OrganizationVolcani CenterBet Dagan 50250Israel

Begomoviruses and whiteflies have interacted for geological *** assumed long-lasting virus-vector intimate relationship of this magnitude implies that the partners have developed co-evolutionary mechanisms that insure on one hand the survival and the efficient transmission of the virus,and on the other hand the safeguard of the insect host from possible deleterious effects of the *** studies have indicated that viruses belonging to the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus（TYLCVs）family from China,Israel and Italy are reminiscent of insect *** like all begomoviruses are transmitted in a circulative manner by the whitefly Bemisia *** survival of the virus in the haemolymph of *** is ensured by a GroEL homologue produced by a whitefly secondary *** acquisition and transfer to non-host plants,the virus may remain associated with the insect for its entire 4-5 wk-long adult *** this period,the ability of the insects to inoculate plants steadily decreased,but did not *** long-term presence of TYLCVs in *** was associated with a decrease in the insect longevity and *** DNA was transmitted to progeny,but seldom *** transcripts were found associated with the insects,raising the possibility of replication and expression in the *** may spread amidst whiteflies during *** genomics tools such as microarrays,deep sequencing,quantitative PCR and gene silencing allow revisiting the proposition that TYLCVs have retained,or acquired,some characteristics of an insect pathogen.

关键词： begomovirus Bemisia tabaci vector transmission

Nutritional stimulation by in-ovo feeding modulates cellular proliferation and differentiation in the small intestinal epithelium of chicks

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 91-101页

作者： Naama Reicher Tal Melkman-Zehavi Jonathan Dayan Eric AWong Zehava Uni Department of Animal Science The Robert H.SmithFaculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot 76100Israel Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA

Nutritional stimulation of the developing small intestine of chick embryos can be conducted by in-ovo feeding(IOF).We hypothesized that IOF of glutamine and leucine can enhance small intestinal development by promoting proliferation and differentiation of multipotent small intestinal epithelial *** embryos(n=128)were subject to IOF of glutamine(IOF-Gln),leucine(IOF-Leu),NaCl(IOF-NaCl)or no injection(control)at embryonic d 17(E 17).Multipotent,progenitor and differentiated cells were located and quantified in the small intestinal epithelium between E 17 and d 7 after hatch(D 7)in all treatment groups by immunofluorescence of SRY-box transcription factor 9(Sox9)and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),in-situ hybridization of leucine-rich repeat containing G-protein coupled receptor 5(Lgr5)and peptide transporter 1(PepT1)and histochemical goblet cell *** effects of IOF treatments at E 19(48 h post-IOF),in comparison to control embryos,were as follows:total cell counts increased by 40%,33%and 19%,and multipotent cell counts increased by 52%,50%and 38%,in IOF-Gln,IOF-Leu and IOF-NaCl embryos,*** IOF-Gln embryos exhibited a significance,36%increase in progenitor cell *** IOF treatments shifted Lgr5+ stem cell localizations to villus *** differentiated,PepT1+region of the villi was 1.9 and 1.3-fold longer in IOF-Gln and IOF-Leu embryos,respectively,while goblet cell densities decreased by 20%in IOF-Gln ***,crypt and villi epithelial cell counts were significantly higher IOF-Gln chicks,compared to control chicks(Phe peri-hatch period by promoting multipotent cell proliferation and differentiation,resulting in enhanced compartmentalization of multipotent and differentiated cell niches and expansions of the absorptive surface area.

关键词： Chick Intestinal development Proliferation Differentiation Multipotent cells In-ovo feeding

Phloem-Mobile AuxlIAA Transcripts Target to the Root Tip and Modify Root Architecture

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第10期54卷 760-772页

作者： Michitaka Notaguchi Shmuel Wolf William J.Lucas Department of Plant Biology College of Biological SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA JST ERATO higashiyama Live-holonics Project Nagoya UniversityFuro-choChikusa-kuNagoyaauAichi 464-8602Japan The robert h.smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in agriculture and the Otto Warburg Minerva Center for Agricultural Biotechnology The Hebrew University of JerusalemThe Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentRehovot 76100Israel

In plants, the phloem is the component of the vascular system that delivers nutrients and transmits signals from mature leaves to developing sink tissues. Recent studies have identified proteins, mRNA, and small RNA within the phloem sap of several plant species. It is now of considerable interest to elucidate the biological functions of these potential long-distance signal agents, to further our understanding of how plants coordinate their developmental programs at the whole-plant level. In this study, we developed a strategy for the functional analysis of phloem-mobile mRNA by focusing on IAA transcripts, whose mobility has previously been reported in melon （Cucumis melo cv. hale＇s Best Jumbo）. Indoleacetic acid （IAA） proteins are key transcriptional regulators of auxin signaling, and are involved in a broad range of developmental processes including root development. We used a combination of vasculature-enriched sampling and hetero-grafting techniques to identify IAA18 and IAA28 as phloemmobile transcripts in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Micro-grafting experiments were used to confirm that these IAA transcripts, which are generated in vascular tissues of mature leaves, are then transported into the root system where they negatively regulate lateral root formation. Based on these findings, we present a model in which auxin distribution, in combination with phloem-mobile Aux/IAA transcripts, can determine the sites of auxin action.

关键词： Arabidopsis AUX/IAA lateral root development grafting phloem-mobile transcript.

Effects of fluctuating thermal regimes on cold survival and life history traits of the spotted wing Drosophila(Drosophila suzukii)

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Insect Science 2020年第2期27卷 317-335页

作者： Thomas Enriquez David Ruel Maryvonne Charrier herve Colinet CNRS ECOBIO-UMR 6553Universite de RennesRennesFrance Department of Entomology The Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemPO 12Rchovot 76100Isael

Drosophila suzukii is an invasive pest causing severe damages to a large panel of cultivated *** facili tate its biocontrol with stratcgies such as sterile or incompatible insect techniques,*** must be mass-produced and then stored and transported under low *** cold exposure induces chill injuries that can be mitigated if the cold period is interrupted with short warming intervals,referred to as fluctuating thermal regimes(FTR).In this study,we tested how to optimally use FTR to extend the shelf life of *** under cold *** FTR parameters were asessed:temperature(15,20,25℃),duration(0.5,1,2,3 h),and frequency(every 12,24,36,48 h)of warming intervals,in two wild-type lines and in two developmental stages(pupac and adults).Generally,FTR improved cold storage tolerance with respect to constant low temperatures(CLT).Cold mortality was lower when recovery temperature was 20℃ or higher,when duration was 2 h per day or longer,and when warming interruptions occurred frequently(every 12 or 24 h).Applying an optimized FTR protocol to adults greatly reduced cold mortality over long-term storage(up to 130 d).Consequences of FTR on fitness-related traits were also *** adults,poststorage survival was unaffected by FTR,as was the case for female fecundity and male mating *** the other hand,when cold storage occurred at pupal stage,postorage survival and male mating capacity were altered under CLT,but not under *** storage of pupae,female fecundity was lower under FTR compared to CLT,suggesting an energy trade-off between repair of chill damages and C22 *** study provides detailed information on the application and optimization of an FTR-based protocol for cold storage of *** that could be useful for the biocontrol of this pest.

关键词： cold storage fluctuating thermal regines lfe-history traits recovery sotted wing drosophila

Ultra-processed food targets bone quality via endochondral ossification

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Bone Research 2021年第2期9卷 200-212页

作者： Janna Zaretsky Shelley Griess-Fishheimer Adi Carmi Tamara Travinsky Shmul Lior Ofer Tali Sinai Svetlana Penn Ron Shahar Efrat Monsonego-Ornan School of Nutrition Science Institute of BiochemistryFood Science and NutritionThe Hebrew UniversityRehovot 76100Israel Koret School of Veterinary Medicine The Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFoodand EnvironmentThe Hebrew UniversityRehovot 76100Israel

Ultra-processed foods have known negative implications for health;however,their effect on skeletal development has never been ***,we show that young rats fed ultra-processed food rich in fat and sugar suffer from growth retardation due to lesions in their tibial growth *** bone mineral density decreases significantly,and the structural parameters of the bone deteriorate,presenting a sieve-like appearance in the cortices and poor trabecular parameters in long bones and *** results in inferior mechanical performance of the entire bone with a high fracture *** sequence analysis of the growth plates demonstrated an imbalance in extracellular matrix formation and degradation and impairment of proliferation,differentiation and mineralization *** findings highlight,for the first time,the severe impact of consuming ultra-processed foods on the growing *** pathology extends far beyond that explained by the known metabolic effects,highlighting bone as a new target for studies of modern diets.

关键词： consuming sugar skeleton

Abandoned corrals: colonization and vegetation recovery of ephemeral habitats in silvo-pastoral systems

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第6期13卷 722-731页

作者： Arie Vinograd Eli Zaady Jaime Kigel Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in agriculture Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentHebrew University of JerusalemRehovot 76100Israel Department of Natural Resources Gilat Research CenterAROMobile Post Negev 85280Israel

Aims Management of silvo-pastoral systems in planted and natural forests in semi-arid Mediterranean regions often employs seasonal night corrals for animal *** management system changes the spatial distribution of animal excreta,resulting in a net transfer of soil mineral resources and their accumulation in the *** abandonment,corrals are colonized by ruderal species,becoming focal sources for their spread in the *** aimed to implement a rational management of seasonal sheep corrals based on a better understanding of the vegetation processes occurring in abandoned corrals,in order to alleviate their negative impact in the *** Relationships between temporal changes in the vegetation,the soil seed-bank and levels of soil nutrients were studied in a chronosequence of abandoned sheep corrals and compared with nearby reference plots in planted Eucalyptus forests grazed by sheep in the semi-arid North-Western Negev,*** region has a bi-seasonal Mediterranean climate,with high dominance of annual species in the grazing *** Findings Abandoned sheep corrals were colonized by seeds of ruderals originating in older abandoned *** successional changes occur at a slow rate,driven by the depletion of soil resources in the abandoned corrals,and were still in progress 20 years after *** were gradually replaced,first by taller grasses and followed by short grasses,but most forbs and particularly geophytes did not recover during this *** of the original herbaceous vegetation in the corrals was through seed dispersal from the surrounding vegetation,not from the original soil seed-bank remaining in the corrals after *** species in the grazed,planted forests behave as patch-tracking *** persistency depends on constant creation of new corrals compensating for the gradually dwindling populations in older abandoned corrals,and on the availability of dispersa

关键词： metapopulation ruderals seasonal grazing seed-bank sheep succession