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Insights into the anorexic mechanism of Khat:an integrated in vivo,ex vivo,and in silico investigations

Traditional Medicine Research 2024年第10期9卷 36-51页

作者： Ahmed Ali Jerah Manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha Abdullah Farasani Sivakumar Sivagurunathan Moni Emad Sayed Shaheen Andleeb Khan Ibrahim Abdo Khardali Magbool Oraiby Heyam Mohamed Ali Sidahmed Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab Department of medical Laboratory Technology College of Applied Medical SciencesJazan UniversityJazan 45142Saudi Arabia Health Research centre Jazan UniversityJazan 45142Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmaceutics College of PharmacyJazan UniversityJazan 45142Saudi Arabia Department of Biosciences Faculty of ScienceIntegral UniversityLucknow 226026India poison control and medical forensic chemistry Center General Directorate of Health AffairsJazan 45142Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry Faculty of PharmacyAl-Neelain UniversityKhartoum 16458Sudan

Background:Chewing Khat(Catha edulis)releases cathine and cathinone,which may reduce appetite via an unknown *** study investigated the peripheral and central effects of fresh leaves and buds of Catha edulis water extract(CEWE)on appetite biomarkers,gene expression,and body weight,using in vivo,ex vivo,and in silico ***:Rats of both sexes were orally administered CEWE at different doses and durations in three different *** chromatography-mass spectroscopy(LC-MS)-MS was used to detect cathinone and cathine in the murine *** effect of Khat on serotonin receptors was studied in isolated rat fundus *** of the two Khat ligands was performed on G(The 5-hydroxytryptamine-type 2C receptor(5-HT2C)in an agonist-bound active conformation)and H(5-HT2C in an antagonist-bound inactive conformation)proteins to determine which ligands are most likely to act as agonists or ***:Significant differences(Pcontrols over eight ***,the plasma leptin and ghrelin levels did not change significantly(P>0.05).The expression of the ghrelin and leptin genes was also unaffected,but the expression of the 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)gene decreased(P<0.05)with CEWE *** antagonizes 5-HT receptors in isolated rat fundus *** findings indicated that the khat ligands bound to 5-HT2C *** and cathinone levels in rat plasma were ***:Khat extract may suppress appetite by antagonizing the 5-HT *** research is required to understand its mechanism and potential applications.

关键词： Catha edulis appetite leptin ghrelin 5-hydroxytryptamine molecular docking

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In vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory studies,computational analysis and chemodiversity of an emergency food plant Caralluma edulis(Edgew.)*** Hook.f:A multifunctional approach to provide new ingredients for nutraceuticals and functional foods

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Food Bioscience 2022年第6期50卷 1235-1248页

作者： Natasha Shazmeen Mamona Nazir Naheed Riaz Muhammad Saleem Muhammad Imran Tousif Saba Tauseef Reaz Uddin Mahreen Mukhtar Gokhan Zengin Adriano Mollica Abdulaziz A.Zarbah Saleh S.Alarfaji Shabbir Muhammad Institute of chemistry Baghdad-ul-Jadeed CampusThe Islamia University of Bahawalpur63100BahawalpurPakistan Department of chemistry Government Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur63100BahawalpurPakistan Department of chemistry University of Education LahoreDera Ghazi Khan CampusDG KhanPakistan Dr.Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research International Center for Chemical and Biological SciencesUniversity of KarachiKarachiPakistan Selcuk University Science FacultyDepartment of BiologyCampus/KonyaKonyaTurkey Department of Pharmacy University “G.d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara66100ChietiItaly Department of chemistry College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha61413P.O.Box 9004Saudi Arabia the poison control and medical forensic chemistry centre Ministry of HealthAsir RegionSaudi Arabia

Caralluma edulis is a leafless succulent herb native to India and Pakistan,where it is used as emergency food and as potential herbal *** was investigated for its bioactive chemicals and further medicinal *** objective of the current study was to accomplish the chemical and biological characterization of *** profiling was done through estimation of total bioactive contents and UHPLMS *** screening was achieved through six different antioxidant and enzyme inhibition *** of its phenolic and flavonoid contents revealed that ethyl acetate fraction(Ce-E)contains 14.15 mg GAE/g extract and 26.13 mg RE/g extract of phenolics and flavonoids,respectively,followed by the methanolic(Ce-M)and the water(Ce-W)soluble *** free radical inhibitory assays,Ce-E fraction also exhibited highest activity(DPPH:19.72 mg TE/g extract,ABTS:48.66 mg TE/g extract)followed by Ce-M,whereas,in CUPRAC and FRAP assays,all the extracts,except water fraction,exhibited nearly equal potential in the range of 53.85–57.96 and 25.42–32.12 mg TE/g extract,*** metal chelating antioxidant assay,only Ce-M and Ce-W fractions displayed considerable activities(25.88 and 23.55 mg EDTAE/g extract respectively),whereas,Ce-H exhibited the highest activity in phosphomolybdenum assay(1.03 mmolTE/g extract),against BChE(6.43 mg GALAE/g extract),α-glucosidase andα-amylase(6.98 and 0.47 mmol ACAE/g,respectively)and tyrosinase(64.46 mg KAE/g extract)***-M and Ce-E also exhibited significant activity against tyrosinase(59.85 and 58.40 mg KAE/g extract,respectively).Crude methanolic extract(Ce-M)was analyzed to unveil its secondary metabolic picture;the UHPLCMS analysis discloses 105 compounds as phenolic acids,flavonoids,steroids and their glycosides,which makes the *** extract a strong candidate for nutraceutical and functional food *** of the metabolites were docked against all the tested enzymes to predict mode of

关键词： Caralluma edulis Bioactive contents Antioxidant Enzyme inhibition UHPLCMS analysis Computational studies

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Effects of COVID-19 on the liver:The experience of a single center

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第39期28卷 5735-5749页

作者： Valentina Liakina Ieva Stundiene Gabriele Milaknyte Ramune Bytautiene Rosita Reivytyte Roma Puronaite Gintare Urbanoviciute Edita Kazenaite centre of Hepatology Gastroenterology and DieteticsClinic of GastroenterologyNephrourology and SurgeryInstitute of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineVilnius UniversityVilnius 01513Lithuania Department of chemistry and Bioengineering Faculty of Fundamental SciencesVILNIUS TECHVilnius 10223Lithuania Faculty of Medicine Vilnius UniversityVilnius 01513Lithuania Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases Institute of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineVilnius UniversityVilnius 01513Lithuania Institute of Data Science and Digital Technologies Faculty of Mathematics and InformaticsVilnius UniversityVilnius 01513Lithuania Department of Pathology Forensic Medicine and PharmacologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of MedicineVilnius UniversityVilnius 01513Lithuania

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)was perhaps the most severe global health crisis in living *** respiratory symptoms,elevated liver enzymes,abnormal liver function,and even acute liver failure were reported in patients suffering from severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 ***,the precise triggers of these forms of liver damage and how they affect the course and outcomes of COVID-19 itself remain *** To analyze the impact of liver enzyme abnormalities on the severity and outcomes of COVID-19 in hospitalized *** In this study,684 depersonalized medical records from patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the 2020-2021 period were ***-19 was diagnosed according to the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health(2021).Patients were assigned to two groups:those with elevated liver enzymes(Group 1:603 patients),where at least one out of four liver enzymes were elevated(following the norm of hospital laboratory tests:alanine aminotransferase(ALT)≥40,aspartate aminotransferase(AST)≥40,gamma-glutamyl transferase≥36,or alkaline phosphatase≥150)at any point of hospitalization,from admission to discharge;and the control group(Group 2:81 patients),with normal liver enzymes during ***-19 severity was assessed according to the interim World Health Organization guidance(2022).Data on viral pneumonia complications,laboratory tests,and underlying diseases were also collected and *** In total,603(88.2%)patients produced abnormal liver test *** and AST levels were elevated by a factor of less than 3 in 54.9%and 74.8%of cases with increased enzyme levels,*** in Group 1 had almost double the chance of bacterial viral pneumonia complications[odds ratio(OR)=1.73,P=0.0217],required oxygen supply more often,and displayed higher biochemical inflammation indices than those in Group *** differences in other COVID-19 complications or underlying disea

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Liver enzymes Complications Underlying disease Disease severity

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